Proverbs 30:31

Commentary on Proverbs 30:31 (KJV)

Proverbs 30:31 is part of the collection of "the words of Agur the son of Jakeh" (Proverbs 30:1), a section of wisdom literature distinct from Solomon's proverbs. This verse concludes a list begun in Proverbs 30:29, describing "four things which are comely in going" – that is, things that move with impressive dignity, grace, or power.

Historical and Cultural Context

The imagery in this verse draws from observations of the natural world and the societal structure of ancient Israel and the Near East. The first two items, "a greyhound" and "an he goat," are animals known for their distinctive and powerful bearing.

• "A greyhound": The Hebrew word here is zarzir (זַרְזִיר), which is difficult to translate precisely. While the KJV renders it "greyhound," other interpretations include a "strutting cock" (rooster) known for its proud gait, or a "warhorse" girded for battle. The common thread among these possibilities is a creature that moves with a confident, majestic, and often unyielding presence.
• "An he goat also": A male goat, especially a leader of the flock, is recognized for its resolute and determined movement, often leading the way with strength.
• "And a king, against whom [there is] no rising up": This phrase highlights the absolute power and unchallenged authority of an ancient monarch. In many ancient societies, the king's word was law, and to "rise up" against him was not only treasonous but often futile, implying his supreme and undeniable dominion. This concept resonates with the common understanding of kingship in the ancient Near East, where rulers often wielded immense, even divinely ordained, power.

Key Themes and Messages

• Majesty and Authority: The verse collectively points to a characteristic of being "comely in going," signifying a powerful, dignified, and authoritative presence. Each example, from the swift grace of a greyhound (or the proud strut of a rooster), to the determined stride of a he goat, culminates in the ultimate human symbol of unchallenged power: the king.
• Unquestionable Power: The phrase "against whom [there is] no rising up" is the most potent part of the verse, emphasizing the king's absolute sovereignty and the futility of rebellion. It speaks to a level of control and influence that is complete and unassailable.
• Confident Demeanor: All the items share a characteristic of moving with purpose, confidence, and an air of command, reflecting an inner strength that manifests outwardly.

Linguistic Insights

The term zarzir (זַרְזִיר) for "greyhound" remains a subject of scholarly discussion. Its root suggests something "girded" or "compact," which could apply to the lean build of a greyhound, the proud, upright posture of a rooster, or a warhorse ready for battle. Regardless of the exact animal, the intended meaning is a creature that commands attention through its powerful and dignified movement.

Practical Application

While describing literal examples of authority, this verse offers several insights for believers today:

• Respect for Authority: The verse implicitly teaches respect for established authority, especially that which is just and maintains order. While human kings are fallible, the principle of respecting those in governing positions is a recurring theme in Scripture (e.g., Romans 13:1).
• God's Ultimate Sovereignty: Ultimately, this verse serves as a powerful metaphor for God's own unchallenged authority. He is the true King, against whom there is truly no rising up. His dominion is eternal, absolute, and righteous. This truth brings comfort and security to those who trust in His rule, knowing that His plans cannot be thwarted (Daniel 4:35).
• Living with Purpose: Like the creatures and the king described, believers are called to live with dignity, purpose, and spiritual confidence, reflecting the character of the God they serve.

Proverbs 30:31, therefore, is a concise yet profound observation on the nature of authority, culminating in the powerful image of an unchallengeable king, a concept that ultimately points to the supreme sovereignty of God Himself.