Nahum 2:5

Translation
King James Version
He shall recount his worthies: they shall stumble in their walk; they shall make haste to the wall thereof, and the defence shall be prepared.
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KJV (with Strong's)
He shall recount H2142 his worthies H117: they shall stumble H3782 in their walk H1979; they shall make haste H4116 to the wall H2346 thereof, and the defence H5526 shall be prepared H3559.
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Complete Jewish Bible
[The king of Ninveh] assigns his officers; they stumble as they march; they hurry to its wall and set up shields to protect the battering ram.
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Berean Standard Bible
He summons his nobles; they stumble as they advance. They race to its wall; the protective shield is set in place.
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American Standard Version
He remembereth his nobles: they stumble in their march; they make haste to the wall thereof, and the mantelet is prepared.
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World English Bible Messianic
He summons his picked troops. They stumble on their way. They dash to its wall, and the protective shield is put in place.
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Geneva Bible (1599)
He shall remember his strong men: they shall stumble as they goe: they shall make haste to the walles thereof, and the defence shall bee prepared.
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Young's Literal Translation
He doth remember his honourable ones, They stumble in their goings, They hasten to its wall, and prepared is the covering.
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See also
Jeremiah 46:12Nahum 3:18Jeremiah 51:27Jeremiah 51:28Nahum 3:3Jeremiah 50:29Isaiah 5:27
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Prophecy Against Nineveh
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In the KJVVerse 22,705 of 31,102

Study This Verse

SUMMARY

Nahum 2:5 vividly portrays the desperate, last-ditch efforts of the Assyrian king to rally his most formidable warriors as Nineveh faces its imminent and catastrophic fall. The verse depicts the king's frantic review of his elite "worthies," only for them to stumble in their disorganized haste towards the city walls, highlighting the futility of their defense and the sudden, overwhelming nature of divine judgment against the once-invincible capital.

CONTEXT

  • Literary Context: Nahum 2:5 is situated within the heart of Nahum's oracle against Nineveh, specifically in the second chapter which graphically describes the siege and destruction of the Assyrian capital. Following the declaration of God's vengeance and justice in Nahum 1, chapter 2 shifts to a vivid, almost cinematic portrayal of the invading army's advance and Nineveh's demise. Verses 1-4 set the stage with the approach of the besiegers and the initial chaos within the city. Verse 5 zeroes in on the king's frantic attempts to organize a defense, immediately followed by the collapse of the city's defenses and the flight of its inhabitants in Nahum 2:6-10. This verse serves as a pivotal moment, illustrating the transition from a perceived state of power to one of utter disarray and impending doom.
  • Historical & Cultural Context: The prophecy of Nahum is directed squarely at Nineveh, the capital of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, which was the dominant superpower of the ancient Near East from the 9th to the 7th centuries BCE. Known for its ruthless military campaigns, brutal treatment of conquered peoples, and extensive idolatry, Assyria had been God's instrument of judgment against the northern kingdom of Israel and had severely oppressed Judah. Nineveh itself was a massive, heavily fortified city, considered impregnable, with formidable walls and a reputation for military might. The historical context for Nahum's prophecy is the period leading up to Nineveh's actual fall in 612 BCE to a coalition of Babylonian and Median forces. The "worthies" mentioned in the verse refer to the elite, highly trained soldiers of the Assyrian army, renowned for their discipline and effectiveness. The "wall" is the literal, massive defensive structure of Nineveh, a symbol of its strength and security. The scene captures the sudden, unexpected panic of a once-proud empire facing its ultimate demise.
  • Key Themes: This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within the book of Nahum and broader biblical theology. Firstly, it underscores the Sovereignty of God over Nations, demonstrating that no human empire, however mighty or fortified, can ultimately withstand the divine will when judgment is decreed. Nineveh's fall, despite its "worthies" and "wall," is a testament to God's ultimate control, a truth echoed in Daniel 2:21. Secondly, the verse highlights the Certainty and Justice of Divine Judgment against unrepentant wickedness. Nineveh's long history of violence, oppression, and idolatry, as detailed in Nahum 3:1-4, culminates in this catastrophic end, serving as a stark warning. Finally, it conveys the theme of Futility of Human Strength and Security when confronted with God's purposes. The "stumbling" and "haste" of the elite soldiers emphasize their disarray and the breakdown of their famed military prowess, illustrating that true security is not found in human defenses but in the Lord, as affirmed in Psalm 20:7.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

  • recount (Hebrew, zâkar', H2142): From a primitive root meaning "to mark (so as to be recognized), i.e. to remember; by implication, to mention." In this context, it signifies the king's desperate act of mustering, reviewing, or calling to mind his elite troops. It's not a calm, orderly inspection but a frantic attempt to rally forces in the face of imminent danger, suggesting a last-ditch effort to recall their past prowess.
  • worthies (Hebrew, ʼaddîyr', H117): Derived from a root meaning "wide or (generally) large; figuratively, powerful." This term refers to the mighty, noble, or majestic ones—the elite, most powerful, and distinguished soldiers or leaders of the Assyrian army. The use of this word emphasizes the high caliber of the forces being summoned, making their subsequent "stumbling" even more striking and indicative of the overwhelming nature of the invasion.
  • stumble (Hebrew, kâshal', H3782): A primitive root meaning "to totter or waver (through weakness of the legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter, stumble, faint or fall." This word vividly portrays the disarray, panic, and loss of composure among the Assyrian soldiers. It suggests a lack of coordination, a breakdown of discipline, and perhaps even a literal tripping or falling as they rush in confusion, signifying the immediate and devastating impact of the siege on their morale and effectiveness.

Verse Breakdown

  • "He shall recount his worthies": This clause describes the Assyrian king's urgent and desperate action. Faced with the invading forces, he attempts to muster, review, or call forth his most elite and powerful warriors. The act of "recounting" implies a frantic effort to assess and deploy his best, suggesting a moment of crisis where every capable soldier is needed for defense.
  • "they shall stumble in their walk;": Despite being the "worthies" or elite soldiers, their movement is characterized by disarray and instability. "Stumble in their walk" vividly portrays their panic, disorganization, and lack of coordinated movement. It suggests a literal tripping or faltering, symbolizing the breakdown of their famed military discipline and the overwhelming fear that has gripped them.
  • "they shall make haste to the wall thereof,": Driven by urgency and fear, these soldiers rush towards the city's defensive wall. The "haste" indicates a desperate, perhaps ill-conceived, attempt to shore up defenses against the rapidly advancing enemy. It underscores the suddenness of the attack and the lack of prepared, orderly resistance.
  • "and the defence shall be prepared.": This final clause, often interpreted with a sense of irony, suggests that despite their frantic efforts, the "defence" (or "covering/protection" in the Hebrew) will indeed be set up—but not effectively for their protection. It might imply a hastily erected, inadequate defense, or even that the defense is prepared for the enemy's assault, rather than against it, highlighting the futility of their last-minute efforts against God's decreed judgment.

Literary Devices

Nahum 2:5 employs several potent literary devices to convey its message of impending doom. Vivid Imagery is paramount, painting a dynamic scene of a king frantically rallying his elite soldiers who, instead of marching in disciplined formation, "stumble in their walk" as they "make haste to the wall." This creates a powerful mental picture of chaos and disarray. Irony is subtly present in the phrase "and the defence shall be prepared." Given the context of Nineveh's inevitable fall, this preparation is portrayed as ultimately futile, serving not to save the city but to mark the final moments of its resistance before collapse. The very act of preparing a defense highlights its inadequacy against a divinely ordained judgment. Furthermore, the verse functions as Foreshadowing, as the stumbling and haste of the "worthies" prefigure the complete overthrow and destruction of Nineveh itself, which is detailed in the subsequent verses. This immediate breakdown of the elite forces signals the broader, unavoidable collapse of the entire city.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

Nahum 2:5 powerfully illustrates the biblical truth that no human power, however great or well-defended, can ultimately stand against the sovereign will and righteous judgment of God. The scene of the Assyrian king's "worthies" stumbling in disarray underscores the futility of relying on human strength and military might when divine judgment is set in motion. This passage serves as a profound reminder that God is the ultimate ruler of nations, raising up and bringing down kingdoms according to His perfect plan. It teaches that unrepentant wickedness, even in the most powerful empires, will eventually face divine reckoning, offering both a warning to the proud and comfort to the oppressed. The panic and disorganization depicted are a direct consequence of Nineveh's long history of cruelty and idolatry, demonstrating that God's justice is not arbitrary but a righteous response to sin.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

Nahum 2:5, while depicting a historical judgment, offers profound insights for contemporary reflection and application. It challenges us to examine where we place our ultimate trust and security. Do we, like the Assyrians, rely on our own strength, resources, or the perceived invincibility of our systems and institutions? This verse serves as a stark reminder that all human constructs, no matter how formidable, are ultimately fragile and temporary in the face of God's sovereign power. It calls us to cultivate humility, recognizing that true security and lasting peace are found only in God, not in human might or elaborate defenses. Furthermore, it encourages us to consider the consequences of unrepentant sin, both individually and corporately. Just as Nineveh's pride and cruelty led to its downfall, so too can persistent rebellion against God's ways lead to spiritual and societal collapse. The passage invites us to repent, align our lives with God's righteous standards, and place our hope in His unfailing faithfulness, rather than in the fleeting strength of this world.

Questions for Reflection

  • What "worthies" or strengths do I tend to rely on in my own life, rather than placing my full trust in God?
  • How does the "stumbling" of Nineveh's elite forces challenge my perception of human power and control?
  • In what ways does this verse encourage me to live in greater humility and dependence on God?

FAQ

Who are the "worthies" mentioned in Nahum 2:5, and why do they "stumble"?

Answer: The "worthies" (Hebrew: ʼaddîyrîm) refer to the elite, powerful, and noble soldiers or leaders of the Assyrian army. They represent the best and most formidable of Nineveh's military might. They "stumble" because, despite their prowess, they are overwhelmed by the suddenness and ferocity of the invasion, which is divinely ordained. Their stumbling symbolizes the breakdown of their discipline, their panic, and the ultimate futility of human strength against God's judgment. It illustrates that even the most well-trained and powerful forces are powerless when God's decree is against them, leading to disarray and a loss of composure that contributes to their defeat. This is a stark contrast to the expected order and might of such an army, emphasizing the chaotic nature of Nineveh's final moments.

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

While Nahum 2:5 describes a historical judgment against Nineveh, its theological undercurrents find ultimate fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The "stumbling" of Nineveh's "worthies" foreshadows the ultimate futility of all earthly powers and kingdoms that oppose God's reign. In Christ, we see the true and eternal King, whose kingdom is not of this world and will never be overthrown, unlike Nineveh's ephemeral empire (John 18:36). Jesus, the Lamb of God, disarmed the spiritual "worthies" of darkness—principalities and powers—on the cross, triumphing over them (Colossians 2:15). The judgment against Nineveh, a city renowned for its violence and oppression, points forward to Christ's ultimate victory over sin, death, and all forms of evil. He is the righteous Judge who will one day bring all earthly kingdoms to account, but also the merciful Savior who offers refuge and true security to those who trust in Him, a security far greater than any "defence" built by human hands (Matthew 25:31-46). Thus, Nahum's prophecy, while a word of judgment for Nineveh, ultimately magnifies the unshakeable sovereignty and redemptive power of God revealed perfectly in Christ, who establishes a kingdom that cannot be shaken (Hebrews 12:28).

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Commentary on Nahum 2 verses 1–10

Here is, I. An alarm of war sent to Nineveh, Nah 2:1. The prophet speaks of it as just at hand, for it is neither doubtful nor far distant: "Look about thee, and see, he that dashes in pieces has come up before thy face. Nebuchadnezzar, who is noted, and will be yet more so, for dashing nations in pieces, begins with thee, and will dissipate and disperse thee;" so some render the word. Babylon is called the hammer of the whole earth, Jer. 1:23. The attempt of Nebuchadnezzar upon Nineveh is public, bold, and daring: "He has come up before thy face, avowing his design to ruin thee; and therefore stand to thy arms, O Nineveh! keep the munition; secure thy towers and magazines: watch the way; set guards upon all the avenues to the city; make thy loins strong; encourage thy soldiers; animate thyself and them; fortify thy power mightily, as cities do when an enemy is advancing against them" (this is spoken ironically); "do the utmost thou canst, yet thou shalt not be able to put by the stroke of this judgment, for there is no counsel or strength against the Lord."

II. A manifesto published, showing the causes of the war (Nah 2:2): The Lord has turned away the excellency of Jacob, as the excellency of Israel, that is, 1. The Assyrians have been abusive to Jacob, the two tribes (have humbled and mortified them), as well as to Israel, the ten tribes, have emptied them, and marred their vine-branches. For this God will reckon with them; though done long since, it shall come into the account now against that kingdom, and Nineveh the head-city of it. God's quarrel with them is for the violence done to Jacob. Or, (2.) God is now by Nebuchadnezzar about to turn away the pride of Jacob by the captivity of the two tribes, as he did the pride of Israel by their captivity; He has determined to do it, to bring emptiers upon them, and the enemy that is to do it must begin with Nineveh, and reduce that first, and humble the pride of that. God is looking upon proud cities, and abasing them, even those that are nearest to him. Samaria is humbled, and Jerusalem is to be humbled, and their pride brought low; and shall not Nineveh, that proud city, be brought down too? Emptiers have emptied the cities, and marred the vine-branches in the country of Jacob and Israel; and must not the excellency of Nineveh, that is so much her pride, be turned away too?

III. A particular account given in of the terrors wherein the invading enemy shall appear against Nineveh; every thing shall contribute to make him formidable. 1. The shields of his mighty men are made red, and probably their other arms and array, as if they were already tinctured with the blood they had shed, or intended hereby to signify they would put all to the sword; they hung out a red flag, in token that they would give no quarter. 2. The valiant men are in scarlet; not only red clothes, to intimate what bloody work they designed to make, but rich clothes, to intimate the wealth of the army, and that is the sinews of war. 3. The chariots shall be with flaming torches in the day of his preparation; when they are making their approaches, they shall fly as swiftly as lightning; the wheels shall strike fire upon the stones, and those that drive them shall drive furiously with a flaming indignation, as Jehu drove. Or they carried flaming torches with them in the open chariots, when they made their approach in the night, as Gideon's soldiers carried lamps in their pitchers, to be both a guide to themselves and a terror to their enemies, and with them to set all on fire wherever they went. 4. The fir-trees shall be terribly shaken; the great men of Nineveh, that overtop their neighbours, as the stately firs do the shrubs; or the very standing trees shall be made to shake by the violent concussions of the earth, which that great army shall cause. 5. The chariots of war shall be very terrible (Nah 2:4): They shall rage in the streets, that is, those that drive them shall rage; you would think the chariots themselves raged; they shall be so numerous, and drive with so much fury, that even in the broad ways, where, one would think, there should be room enough, they shall jostle one another; and these iron chariots shall be made so bright that in the beams of the sun they shall seem like torches in the night; they shall run like the lightnings, so swiftly, so furiously. Nebuchadnezzar's commanders are here called his worthies, his gallants (so the margin reads it), his heroes; those he shall recount, and order them immediately and without fail to render themselves at their respective posts, for he is entering upon action, is resolved to take the field immediately, and to open the campaign with the siege of Nineveh. His worthies shall remember (so some read it); they shall be mindful of the duty of their place, and the charge they have received, and shall thereby be made so intent upon their business that they shall stumble in their walks, shall make more haste than good speed; they stumble, but shall not fall; for they shall make haste to the wall thereof, shall open the trenches; and the defence, or the covered way, shall be prepared (something to shelter them from the darts of the besieged), and they shall so closely carry on the siege, and with so much vigour, that at length the gates of the rivers shall be opened (Nah 2:6); those gates of Nineveh which open upon the river Tigris (on which Nineveh was built) shall be first forced by, or betrayed to, the enemy, and by those gates they shall enter. And then the palace shall be dissolved, either the king's house or the house of Nisroch his god; the same word signifies both a palace and a temple. When the God of heaven goes forth to contend with a people, neither the palaces nor their kings, neither the temples nor their gods, can protect and shelter them, but must all inevitably fall with them.

IV. A prediction of the consequences of this; and it is easy to guess how dismal those will be. 1. The queen shall fall into the hands of the enemy (Nah 2:7): Huzzab shall be led away captive; she that was established (so some read it), thought herself safe because she was concealed and shut up in secret, shall be discovered (so the margin reads it) and shall be led away captive, in greater disgrace than that of common prisoners; she shall be brought up in a mock state, and her maids of honour shall lead her, because she is weak and faint, not able to bear such frights and hardships, which are doubly hard and frightful to those that have not been used to them; they shall attend her, not to speak cheerfully to her and to encourage her, but murmuring and moaning themselves, as with the voice of doves, the doves of the valleys (Eze 7:16), noted for their mourning, Isa 38:14; Isa 59:11. They shall be tabering upon their breasts, beating their own breasts in grief and vexation, as if they were drumming upon them, for so the word signifies. 2. The inhabitants, though numerous, shall none of them be able to make head against the invaders, or stand their ground (Nah 2:8): Nineveh is of old like a pool of water, replenished with people as a pool with water (and waters signify multitudes, Rev 17:15), or as those waters with fish; it was long ago a populous city; in Jonah's time there were 120,000 little children in it (Jon 4:11), and, ordinarily, cities and countries are increasing in their number every year; but, though they have so many hands to be employed in the public service, yet they shall not be able to inspire one another with courage, but they shall flee away like cowards. Their commanders shall do what they can to animate them; they shall cry, "Stand, stand, have a good heart on it, and we shall do well enough;" but none shall so much as look back; they shall not have the least spark of courage remaining, but every one shall think it is his wisest course to make his best of the opportunity to escape; they shall not so much as look back to see who calls for them. Note, God can dispirit the strongest and boldest, in the day of distress, so that they shall not be what one would expect from them, but like a pool of water, the water whereof is dried up and gone. 3. The wealth of the city shall become a prey, and all its rich furniture shall fall into the hands of the victorious enemy (Nah 2:9); they shall thus animate and excite one another to plunder: Take the spoil of silver; take the spoil of gold; thus the officers shall stir up the soldiers to improve their opportunity; here are silver and gold enough for them, for there is no end of the store of money and plate. Nineveh, having been of old like a pool of water, has gathered a vast deal of mud; and abundance of glory it has out of all the pleasant furniture, all the vessels of desire, which they have gloried in and which shall now be a prey and a pride to the conquerors. Note, Those who prepare raiment as the clay, and heap up silver as the dust, know not who may put on the raiment and divide the silver, Job 27:16, Job 27:17. Thus this rich city is empty, and void, and waste, Nah 2:10. See the vanity of worldly wealth; instead of defending its owners, it does but expose them, and enable their enemies to do them so much the more mischief. 4. The soldiers and people shall have no heart to appear for the defence of the city. Their spirits shall melt away like wax before the fire; their knees shall smite together (as Belshazzar's did, in his agony, Dan 5:6), so that they shall not be able to stand their ground, no, nor to make their escape; much pain shall be in all loins, as is the case in extreme frights, so that they shall not be able to hold up their backs. And the faces of them all shall gather blackness, like that of a pot that is every day over the fire; so the word signifies. Note, Guilt in the conscience will fill men with terror in an evil day, and those who place their happiness in the wealth of this world and set their hearts upon it think themselves undone when their silver, and their gold, and their pleasant furniture are taken from them.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 1–10. Public domain.
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JeromeAD 420
Commentary on Nahum
(Verse 3 and following) The shield of the strong is ablaze, the men of the army in scarlet; the fiery chariots are on the day of its preparation; and the drivers are asleep, they are disturbed on the journey, the chariots collide in the streets. Their appearance is like torches, like lightning running to and fro. They will remember their mighty men, they will rush on their way, they will quickly climb its walls, and the shelter will be prepared. The gates of the rivers are opened, and the temple is laid waste to the ground, and the captive soldier is taken away, and her maidservants threatened, moaning like doves, murmuring in their hearts. LXX: The arms of his power are from men, strong men mocking in fire, the reins of their chariots on the day of his preparation, and the horsemen will fear in the exits: and the chariots will be confounded, and they will collide in the streets. Their appearance is like lamps of fire, and like running lightning, and their nobles will be remembered, and they will flee in the days, and they will be weakened on their journey, and they will hasten to the walls, and they will prepare their defenses: the gates of the cities are open, and the royal palaces have fallen, and the wealth has been revealed; and she herself ascended, and her maids were led like doves speaking in their hearts. According to the history, the order follows against Nineveh, and the army of the Babylonians coming against it is described. Moreover, what it says: fiery reins of chariots, in burning cords, signifies the preparedness of speed, and is narrated as the parade of those preparing for battle. And now the Scripture weaves together things that Israel once suffered, things that Assyria did, and things that the Babylonians practice against the Assyrians. Therefore, he says, it is not surprising that they come so quickly to devastate, since the charioteers and strong men, either before or after, have been put to sleep, either in Israel or in Assyria. And returning to the order of description: The multitude of those coming is so great, that the marching column is mixed together on the path, and cannot be distinguished. The chariots themselves, while not finding the way, collide with each other in the streets due to the multitude. The appearance of the Babylonians is like lamps, like lightning running around, so that they terrify their enemies before they defeat them with the sword. Then Assyria will remember its strong ones, and will seek out those who fell on the journeys, and will quickly climb the walls of Nineveh, and because of the very long siege will prepare tents to drive away the heat. But what does it profit to build a house, unless the Lord builds it? What does it profit to close the gates, which the Lord opens? The gates of Nineveh are open, which had a multitude of citizens like rivers, and its temple, that is, its kingdom, is destroyed, and its soldiers are taken captive, that is, they are all led into Babylon. But understand that the handmaids of Nineveh, by metaphor, are the smaller cities, villages, and castles. Indeed, even the captive women will threaten before the faces of the victors; and there will be so great a terror that not even a sob or a wail of pain will burst forth, but they will silently groan within themselves and, with a muffled murmur, swallow their tears in the manner of cooing doves. This is according to Hebrew tradition. Now let us come to the translators of the Septuagint. They examined, who shook off Jacob and Israel, and dispersed their scourges; they also broke the weapons which they had been accustomed to have in order to hurl insults, and with which they had oppressed the weak; and not only did they do this, but they also burned the strong men who were mocking in the fire. Consider if you can say that strong men deride in the fire, the opposite strengths that serve as burning darts of the devil, who once had strong men deriding in the fire Jacob and Israel, having chariots and horses on which they were carried swiftly into battle on the day of their preparation. Therefore, the reins of these chariots and the horsemen will be confused on their journeys, and they will collide in the streets, when the illumination of the Lord shines upon Jacob and Israel, both demons and those who serve their will, will be overthrown by the Lord. We can understand these things by his coming, when brave men and charioteers and horsemen were speaking: What have we to do with you, Son of David? Have you come here to torment us before the time? (Matth. VIII, 29) But since we have once received a prophecy against Nineveh concerning the end of the world, it is better that we say that the weapons of the power of the devil were then taken away from men, and his strong ministers, who deceived men in fire. For all those who adulterate, their hearts are like an oven; the chains by which they were led into vices and the chariot's wheels will be released. The horsemen will be fearful at the exits, which is at the end of the world, and they will be confused and the chariots will collide in the streets. For although there is a wide and spacious road that leads to death, they will not be able to find the right path due to the pressure of time. They will collide with each other and yet continue to breathe out their old fury, flashing here and there like lightning. I saw, said the Lord, Satan falling like lightning from heaven (Luke 10:18). When the devil and all his officials understand this, they will remember the end that was predicted in the past, and they will flee in those days. For they will not move about at night, but as the day dawns, darkness will be driven away, and they will be weakened on their journey, making no progress and not fulfilling their efforts, and they will hasten to the walls. Indeed, such a great terror of the coming Lord will invade them, and they will be so weak to resist that they will flee to the ends of the world, where the world is enclosed and surrounded like walls, and they will prepare themselves to resist. When someone flees from an enemy, not daring to resist them, and comes to a solitary place, if by chance the enemy pursues them, they are forced to fight back out of necessity. But as they ponder these things, everything they have obtained and possessed will be brought forth and the doors they had closed will be opened, and their kingdoms will fall, and their wealth, that is, their riches, will be revealed. However, the substance of the world itself and all its servants, after they submit themselves to Christ and begin to serve Him, will be led joyfully and with gladness, and from the depths of their hearts they will believe, so that they may be compared to the cleanliness of doves, and they will murmur or speak in their hearts. And then will be fulfilled what is said in the sixty-seventh psalm about the victory of the Savior: He ascended on high, he led captivity captive.
Richard ChallonerAD 1781
Stumble in their march: By running hastily on.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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