Matthew 19:28

KJV

And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G1161} Jesus {G2424} said {G2036} unto them {G846}, Verily {G281} I say {G3004} unto you {G5213}, That {G3754} ye {G5210} which {G3588} have followed {G190} me {G3427}, in {G1722} the regeneration {G3824} when {G3752} the Son {G5207} of man {G444} shall sit {G2523} in {G1909} the throne {G2362} of his {G846} glory {G1391}, ye {G5210} also {G2532} shall sit {G2523} upon {G1909} twelve {G1427} thrones {G2362}, judging {G2919} the twelve {G1427} tribes {G5443} of Israel {G2474}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Yeshua said to them, "Yes. I tell you that in the regenerated world, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones and judge the twelve tribes of Isra'el.

Berean Standard Bible

Jesus said to them, “Truly I tell you, in the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on His glorious throne, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

American Standard Version

And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, that ye who have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit on the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Matthew 19:28 records a pivotal declaration by Jesus to His disciples, particularly in response to Peter's inquiry about their reward for forsaking all to follow Him. This profound statement unveils a future eschatological reality: a time of cosmic renewal, referred to as "the regeneration," when the Son of Man will establish His glorious kingdom. In this future age, the twelve apostles are promised a unique position of authority, sitting on twelve thrones to judge, or rule, the twelve tribes of Israel, signifying their integral role in the administration of Christ's coming reign.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated immediately after the challenging encounter with the rich young ruler, who sorrowfully departed because he was unwilling to relinquish his great wealth to follow Jesus ([Matthew 19:16-22](/matthew/19-16-22 "Matthew 19:16-22 - The Rich Young Ruler")). Peter, perhaps drawing a stark contrast between the ruler's failure and the disciples' sacrifice, then asks Jesus, "Behold, we have forsaken all, and followed thee; what shall we have therefore?" ([Matthew 19:27](/matthew/19-27 "Matthew 19:27 - Peter's Question About Reward")). Jesus' response in verse 28 directly addresses Peter's question, offering a comprehensive and awe-inspiring vision of future recompense that extends beyond mere earthly gain, affirming the profound spiritual value of their commitment. The broader context of [Matthew 19](/matthew/19 "Matthew 19 - Divorce, Children, and Riches") deals with themes of discipleship, sacrifice, and the nature of the kingdom, making Jesus' promise here a climax of these discussions.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The concept of a coming Messianic age, characterized by divine judgment and the restoration of Israel, was deeply ingrained in Jewish eschatological hopes. Phrases like "the regeneration" (παλιγγενεσία) would have resonated with Jewish expectations of a renewed creation or a new world order under the Messiah. The idea of "judging" the tribes of Israel would evoke the traditional role of judges and kings in Israel's history, implying a position of governance and administration of justice within this restored kingdom. The number twelve is highly symbolic, representing the twelve tribes of Israel and, by extension, the completeness of God's people. The disciples, being Jews, would have understood these terms within the framework of their national and religious aspirations for a glorious future under the Messiah.

* **Key Themes:** Matthew 19:28 contributes significantly to several key themes within the Gospel of Matthew and broader biblical theology. It powerfully underscores the theme of **discipleship and reward**, demonstrating that radical commitment to Christ, though costly in the present, yields unparalleled eternal benefits. The verse also elaborates on the **nature of the Kingdom of Heaven**, portraying it not merely as a spiritual reality but as a future, tangible reign where Christ's authority is fully manifested and His followers participate in its administration. Furthermore, it highlights the **eschatological hope** of a cosmic renewal ("the regeneration"), aligning with prophetic visions of a new heaven and new earth ([Isaiah 65:17](/isaiah/65-17 "Isaiah 65:17 - New Heavens and a New Earth")). Finally, the specific mention of "the twelve tribes of Israel" points to the theme of **Israel's future restoration** and its place within God's ultimate redemptive plan, a theme woven throughout prophetic literature and reaffirmed in the New Testament.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **regeneration (Greek, _palingenesía'_):** G3824. From πάλιν (palin, "again") and γένεσις (genesis, "birth"). This term signifies a "new birth" or "renewal." In Matthew 19:28, it refers to a cosmic or universal restoration, a time when the entire creation will be renewed and brought into perfect alignment with God's will, marking the inauguration of the Messianic age. While in [Titus 3:5](/titus/3-5 "Titus 3:5 - The Washing of Regeneration") it refers to individual spiritual rebirth, here it denotes a grander, eschatological transformation of the world.
* **throne (Greek, _thrónos'_):** G2362. Derived from a word meaning "to sit." It denotes a stately seat, specifically a royal seat, symbolizing power, authority, and dominion. The repeated use of "thrones" in this verse emphasizes the royal and authoritative positions held by both the Son of Man and the apostles in the coming kingdom.
* **judging (Greek, _krínō'_):** G2919. Properly, "to distinguish," leading to the meaning "to decide" (mentally or judicially). By implication, it can mean to try, condemn, or punish. However, in this context, particularly when associated with sitting on thrones in a kingdom, "judging" carries the connotation of ruling, governing, administering justice, or exercising authority, rather than solely condemnation. It implies a role in the righteous administration of Christ's kingdom.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you,"**: This opening phrase emphasizes the solemnity and certainty of Jesus' declaration. "Verily" (ἀμήν, _amēn_) underscores the truthfulness and absolute reliability of what follows, signaling a profound and authoritative pronouncement.
* **"That ye which have followed me,"**: Jesus identifies the specific recipients of this promise: His immediate disciples who have demonstrated their commitment by "following" Him. This "following" (ἀκολουθέω, _akolouthéō_) implies not just physical proximity but a devoted, costly discipleship, involving forsaking earthly ties and possessions as Peter articulated in the preceding verse.
* **"in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory,"**: This clause sets the temporal and contextual stage for the promise. "The regeneration" (παλιγγενεσία) refers to a future, comprehensive renewal of creation, often understood as the Messianic era. It is during this time that Jesus, identified by His key messianic title "Son of Man" (alluding to [Daniel 7:13-14](/daniel/7-13-14 "Daniel 7:13-14 - The Son of Man Comes to Reign")), will assume His full, visible, and glorious reign, sitting on His royal "throne of glory." This signifies His ultimate sovereignty and divine authority.
* **"ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones,"**: This is the core of the promise to the apostles. They are granted a share in Christ's royal authority. The number "twelve" is highly significant, corresponding to the number of apostles and the number of Israel's tribes, indicating a comprehensive and representative authority. Their "sitting upon thrones" signifies a position of honor, power, and active participation in the governance of the coming kingdom.
* **"judging the twelve tribes of Israel."**: This specifies the scope and nature of the apostles' authority. "Judging" (κρίνω) here means ruling, governing, or administering justice and truth within the context of the restored people of God. The "twelve tribes of Israel" represent the totality of God's people, suggesting a comprehensive spiritual and administrative oversight within the Messianic kingdom.

#### Literary Devices
Matthew 19:28 is rich with **Symbolism** and **Eschatological Language**. The "throne of his glory" for the Son of Man, and the "twelve thrones" for the apostles, are powerful symbols of royal authority, dominion, and shared governance in the coming kingdom. The phrase "the regeneration" is a key piece of **Eschatological Language**, pointing to a future, transformative event of cosmic renewal, a new creation. The use of the title "Son of Man" is a significant **Messianic Title**, drawing on Old Testament prophecy, particularly from [Daniel 7](/daniel/7 "Daniel 7 - Daniel's Vision of Four Beasts and the Son of Man"), to underscore Jesus' divine authority and future reign. The number "twelve" functions as **Numerological Symbolism**, representing completeness and the full restoration of Israel, both literally and spiritually. Finally, the entire verse serves as a profound **Prophecy**, foretelling future events and the roles of Christ and His apostles in the consummation of God's redemptive plan.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse profoundly connects the present reality of costly discipleship with the future glory of God's kingdom. It underscores the biblical principle that sacrifice for Christ is never in vain, but rather secures an eternal, glorious reward. The "regeneration" points to a comprehensive renewal of creation, a time when God's perfect will is fully established, and justice reigns supreme under the direct rule of the Son of Man. The apostles' promised role in "judging" the twelve tribes of Israel signifies not only their unique authority but also the ultimate restoration of God's people, both Jew and Gentile, under the new covenant, participating in Christ's righteous administration. This promise provides immense hope and motivation for believers to persevere in their faith, knowing that their faithful service contributes to and will be rewarded in the coming kingdom.

* [Luke 22:28-30](/luke/22-28-30 "Luke 22:28-30 - Jesus Promises Thrones to His Disciples")
* [Revelation 3:21](/revelation/3-21 "Revelation 3:21 - Sharing Christ's Throne")
* [1 Corinthians 6:2-3](/1_corinthians/6-2-3 "1 Corinthians 6:2-3 - Saints Will Judge the World and Angels")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Matthew 19:28 offers a powerful vision that transcends the immediate context of the apostles' reward, inviting all believers to consider the eternal implications of their earthly choices. It challenges us to evaluate what we truly value: fleeting earthly possessions or the enduring realities of God's kingdom. The promise of "regeneration" reminds us that God is actively working towards a complete renewal of all things, providing a profound hope that empowers us to live with purpose and perseverance amidst present trials. While the specific promise of twelve thrones is unique to the apostles, the underlying principle of reward for faithful discipleship applies to every follower of Christ. Our present sacrifices, whether of comfort, security, or worldly ambition, are investments in an eternal future where Christ reigns supreme and His people participate in His glory. This verse encourages us to live with an eternal perspective, prioritizing God's kingdom above all else, trusting that our ultimate reward is found in Christ and His glorious reign.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "possessions" or comforts might you be unwilling to forsake for the sake of following Jesus more fully?**
* **How does the promise of "the regeneration" and Christ's glorious reign impact your hope and perseverance in daily life?**
* **In what ways can you, as a follower of Christ, participate in "judging" (administering truth and justice) in your current sphere of influence, anticipating the future kingdom?**

### FAQ
**What is "the regeneration" mentioned in Matthew 19:28?**

Answer: "The regeneration" (Greek: _palingenesía_) in Matthew 19:28 refers to a future, cosmic renewal or restoration of the world, often understood as the Messianic era or the new creation. It signifies a time when God will fully establish His righteous rule, bringing about a complete transformation of the earth and the heavens, fulfilling prophecies of a new heaven and new earth ([Isaiah 65:17](/isaiah/65-17 "Isaiah 65:17 - New Heavens and a New Earth"); [Revelation 21:1](/revelation/21-1 "Revelation 21:1 - A New Heaven and a New Earth")). While the term can also refer to individual spiritual rebirth (as in [Titus 3:5](/titus/3-5 "Titus 3:5 - The Washing of Regeneration")), in this context, it clearly points to a grand, universal eschatological event.

**Does "judging the twelve tribes of Israel" mean the apostles will condemn people?**

Answer: In this context, "judging" (Greek: _krínō_) is best understood not as condemnation, but as ruling, governing, or administering justice within the Messianic kingdom. It implies a position of authority and leadership. Just as judges in ancient Israel were leaders who administered law and order, the apostles will have a role in the righteous governance and administration of God's restored people, the "twelve tribes of Israel," under the ultimate authority of Christ, the Son of Man. This aligns with other New Testament passages where believers are said to judge or rule with Christ ([1 Corinthians 6:2-3](/1_corinthians/6-2-3 "1 Corinthians 6:2-3 - Saints Will Judge the World and Angels")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Matthew 19:28 finds its ultimate fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ, the promised Son of Man. He is the central figure of "the regeneration," for it is through His atoning death and glorious resurrection that the new creation is inaugurated and will be consummated. His first coming initiated the spiritual "regeneration" for individuals, granting new birth to all who believe ([John 3:3-5](/john/3-3-5 "John 3:3-5 - You Must Be Born Again")). His second coming will bring about the cosmic "regeneration," when He will sit on the "throne of his glory" and establish His visible, universal kingdom, fulfilling the ancient prophecies of His eternal reign ([Revelation 11:15](/revelation/11-15 "Revelation 11:15 - The Kingdom of the World Has Become the Kingdom of Our Lord")). The apostles' future role of "judging the twelve tribes of Israel" is not an independent authority but a participation in Christ's own sovereign rule. They will administer His perfect justice and truth, reflecting His character and extending His dominion. Therefore, this verse points not only to a future reward for faithful discipleship but, more profoundly, to the absolute supremacy and ultimate triumph of Christ as the King of kings and Lord of lords, under whom all things will be made new and His righteous reign will be fully realized ([Philippians 2:9-11](/philippians/2-9-11 "Philippians 2:9-11 - Jesus is Lord of All")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Luke 22:28

Ye are they which have continued with me in my temptations.

Luke 22:30

That ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

Matthew 25:31

¶ When the Son of man shall come in his glory, and all the holy angels with him, then shall he sit upon the throne of his glory:

1 Corinthians 6:2

Do ye not know that the saints shall judge the world? and if the world shall be judged by you, are ye unworthy to judge the smallest matters?

1 Corinthians 6:3

Know ye not that we shall judge angels? how much more things that pertain to this life?

Revelation 20:4

And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and [I saw] the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received [his] mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years.

2 Peter 3:13

Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.