Matthew 18:3

KJV

And said, Verily I say unto you, Except ye be converted, and become as little children, ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven.

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G2532} said {G2036}, Verily {G281} I say {G3004} unto you {G5213}, Except {G3362} ye be converted {G4762}, and {G2532} become {G1096} as {G5613} little children {G3813}, ye shall {G1525} not {G3364} enter {G1525} into {G1519} the kingdom {G932} of heaven {G3772}.

Complete Jewish Bible

and said, "Yes! I tell you that unless you change and become like little children, you won't even enter the Kingdom of Heaven!

Berean Standard Bible

“Truly I tell you,” He said, “unless you change and become like little children, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.

American Standard Version

and said, Verily I say unto you, Except ye turn, and become as little children, ye shall in no wise enter into the kingdom of heaven.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
In Matthew 18:3, Jesus delivers a radical pronouncement to His disciples, asserting that entry into the Kingdom of Heaven is contingent not upon worldly status or ambition, but upon a profound spiritual transformation that results in a childlike disposition of humility, dependence, and receptivity. This statement directly challenges their prevailing notions of greatness and establishes a foundational principle for discipleship within God's spiritual reign.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This pivotal verse is situated within a broader discourse in [Matthew 18](/matthew/18 "Matthew 18 - The Kingdom of Heaven and Humility"), often referred to as the "Discourse on Humility and Forgiveness." It immediately follows the disciples' query to Jesus: "Who then is greatest in the kingdom of heaven?" ([Matthew 18:1](/matthew/18-1 "Matthew 18:1 - Disciples' Question on Greatness")). Jesus' response in [Matthew 18:2-4](/matthew/18-2-4 "Matthew 18:2-4 - Jesus Uses a Child as an Example") directly addresses this question by presenting a child as the paradigm of true greatness, subverting their hierarchical expectations. The subsequent verses continue to elaborate on the importance of not causing little ones to stumble ([Matthew 18:6-7](/matthew/18-6-7 "Matthew 18:6-7 - Warnings Against Causing Others to Stumble")) and the parable of the lost sheep ([Matthew 18:12-14](/matthew/18-12-14 "Matthew 18:12-14 - The Parable of the Lost Sheep")), all reinforcing the value God places on the humble and vulnerable.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the Greco-Roman and Jewish societies of Jesus' day, children generally held a low social status. They were not seen as individuals with rights or inherent value in the same way adults, especially men, were. Children were often considered property, lacking legal standing, and were were expected to be seen and not heard. Their primary role was to learn and obey. To use a child as an example of greatness was a revolutionary act, completely counter-cultural. It challenged the prevailing social hierarchies, where honor, status, and power were highly prized, and humility was often viewed as weakness. Jesus' teaching thus inverted the conventional wisdom, elevating the marginalized and redefining true worth in God's eyes.
* **Key Themes:** [Matthew 18:3](/matthew/18-3 "Matthew 18:3 - The Call to Childlike Humility") contributes significantly to several overarching themes in Matthew's Gospel and broader biblical theology. Foremost is the theme of **Kingdom of Heaven Theology**, which is central to Matthew. Jesus consistently teaches that entry into and participation in God's reign requires a radical reorientation of values, often contrasting with worldly systems. This verse also highlights the theme of **Radical Discipleship**, emphasizing that following Jesus demands a fundamental transformation of character, moving away from self-exaltation towards humility and dependence. Furthermore, it underscores the theme of **Humility as a Prerequisite for Salvation**, aligning with other passages that stress the necessity of a contrite heart before God, as seen in the Beatitudes where the "poor in spirit" are blessed ([Matthew 5:3](/matthew/5-3 "Matthew 5:3 - The Beatitudes: Blessed are the Poor in Spirit")). The concept of **Spiritual Rebirth** is also implicitly present, as becoming "converted" and "as little children" speaks to a profound internal change, echoing the need to be "born again" to see the kingdom of God ([John 3:3](/john/3-3 "John 3:3 - Jesus Teaches Nicodemus about Being Born Again")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **converted (Greek, _stréphō'_):** From G4762, meaning "to twist, i.e. turn quite around or reverse (literally or figuratively); convert, turn (again, back again, self, self about)." This word signifies a decisive and complete turning around, a fundamental change of direction in one's life and perspective. It implies a repentance, a turning away from self-centeredness and worldly ambition, and a turning towards God and His ways. It is not a superficial adjustment but a profound reorientation of the will and affections.
* **become (Greek, _gínomai'_):** From G1096, meaning "to cause to be ("gen"-erate), i.e. (reflexively) to become (come into being), used with great latitude (literal, figurative, intensive, etc.)." In this context, it indicates a process of transformation or development. It's not merely an act of imitation but an internal change that results in a new way of being, reflecting the qualities of a child. This "becoming" is a continuous process of growth in the Christian life.
* **little children (Greek, _paidíon'_):** From G3813, a neuter diminutive of _pais_, meaning "a childling (of either sex), i.e. (properly), an infant, or (by extension) a half-grown boy or girl; figuratively, an immature Christian." Jesus is not advocating for childishness (immaturity, impulsiveness, or naivety) but for the positive attributes often inherent in a child's disposition: humility, dependence, trust, and lack of pretension. These are the spiritual qualities essential for receiving God's kingdom.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And said, Verily I say unto you":** Jesus begins with a solemn declaration, using the Greek _amēn legō hymin_ (G281, G3004, G5213), which translates to "Truly, I say to you" or "Amen, I say to you." This phrase signals a weighty and authoritative pronouncement, emphasizing the absolute truth and critical importance of what He is about to reveal. It demands the disciples' full attention and underscores the non-negotiable nature of His teaching.
* **"Except ye be converted":** This clause, utilizing the Greek _ean mē strephō_ (G3362, G4762), sets a clear condition for entry into the Kingdom. The word "converted" (from _strephō_) implies a radical turning or reorientation. It speaks of repentance – a fundamental change of mind and direction from self-reliance and worldly ambition to God-centeredness and spiritual humility. It is a necessary and transformative shift in one's entire being.
* **"and become as little children":** This phrase, employing _kai ginomai hōs paidion_ (G2532, G1096, G5613, G3813), specifies the nature of the conversion. Jesus is not calling for intellectual immaturity or naivety, but for the spiritual qualities characteristic of children: humility, dependence, trust, and lack of pretension. Unlike adults who often strive for status and self-sufficiency, children naturally exhibit a posture of reliance and openness. This "becoming" is an ongoing process of cultivating these virtues.
* **"ye shall not enter into the kingdom of heaven":** This final, absolute statement, using the double negative _ou mē eiserchomai eis basileia ouranos_ (G3364, G1525, G1519, G932, G3772), serves as a stark warning and a definitive declaration. Without this radical conversion and adoption of childlike humility, entry into God's spiritual reign and eternal dwelling is impossible. It underscores that the Kingdom operates on principles fundamentally different from the world's, where status and power are often pursued.

#### Literary Devices
Jesus employs several powerful literary devices in this verse. The most prominent is **Symbolism**, where the "little child" is used as a living symbol of the qualities required for kingdom entry. The child represents humility, dependence, and lack of pretension, contrasting sharply with the disciples' adult-like striving for greatness. This is further enhanced by **Juxtaposition**, as Jesus directly contrasts the disciples' worldly ambition with the child's humble state, highlighting the radical reversal of values in the Kingdom of Heaven. The phrase "Verily I say unto you" functions as a form of **Authoritative Pronouncement**, signaling the critical importance and absolute truth of His statement. Finally, the use of a **Conditional Clause** ("Except ye be converted...") establishes a clear, non-negotiable prerequisite, emphasizing the transformative nature of discipleship.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Matthew 18:3 stands as a foundational text for understanding the nature of salvation and discipleship, emphasizing that God's kingdom operates on principles antithetical to worldly values. It reveals that true greatness in God's eyes is not found in power, status, or self-sufficiency, but in a profound humility and dependence upon Him, akin to a child's reliance on a parent. This verse underscores the necessity of a radical internal transformation—a turning away from pride and self-exaltation—as the gateway to experiencing God's reign, both presently and eternally. It challenges believers to continually shed adult-like pretenses and embrace a posture of open-hearted receptivity and trust, recognizing that the Kingdom is freely given to those who humble themselves.

* [Mark 10:15](/mark/10-15 "Mark 10:15 - Receiving the Kingdom Like a Child")
* [Luke 18:17](/luke/18-17 "Luke 18:17 - The Kingdom of God Belongs to Such as These")
* [Philippians 2:3-4](/philippians/2-3-4 "Philippians 2:3-4 - Humility and Looking to Others' Interests")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Matthew 18:3 serves as a timeless mirror, inviting us to critically examine the posture of our hearts before God and others. In a world that constantly values self-promotion, achievement, and independence, Jesus' words are a radical call to counter-cultural living. We are challenged to ask ourselves if we truly embody the humility, trust, and dependence of a child, or if our spiritual walk is hindered by pride, self-sufficiency, and a desire for recognition. This verse calls for an ongoing "conversion"—a continual turning away from the world's values and a turning towards God's kingdom principles. It reminds us that our entry into and flourishing within God's spiritual reign is directly tied to our willingness to humble ourselves, acknowledge our complete reliance on Him, and receive His grace with open, childlike faith. This transformation is not a one-time event but a daily invitation to shed our adult pretenses and embrace the simple, profound truth that the greatest in the Kingdom are those who become like little children.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of my life do I struggle with pride or self-sufficiency, preventing me from fully embracing a childlike dependence on God?**
* **How does my pursuit of worldly status or recognition conflict with Jesus' teaching on humility in the Kingdom of Heaven?**
* **What specific steps can I take to cultivate a more childlike spirit of trust, humility, and receptivity in my daily walk with God?**
* **How can I better model childlike faith and dependence for those around me, especially in a culture that often values the opposite?**

### FAQ
**What does Jesus mean by "converted" in this verse?**

Answer: When Jesus says "except ye be converted," He is using the Greek word _strephō_ (G4762), which means "to turn quite around or reverse." It signifies a radical and fundamental change of direction in one's life. It's not merely an intellectual agreement or a slight adjustment, but a complete reorientation of one's will, affections, and life's trajectory. This "conversion" implies repentance—a turning away from self-centeredness, pride, and worldly ambitions, and a turning towards God and His kingdom principles. It's a deep spiritual transformation that leads to a new way of living.

**Does "become as little children" mean we should be childish or immature?**

Answer: No, Jesus is not advocating for immaturity, naivety, or childish behavior. The phrase "become as little children" (G3813, _paidíon_) refers to the spiritual qualities inherent in a child's disposition that are essential for entering the Kingdom of Heaven. These qualities include humility (a lack of pretension or striving for status), dependence (a recognition of one's need for care and provision), trust (an unreserved reliance on a parent/God), and openness (a willingness to learn and receive without preconceived notions or pride). It's about shedding the self-sufficiency and pride that often characterize adults and embracing a posture of humble reliance on God.

**Is entry into the Kingdom of Heaven based on works or merit, according to this verse?**

Answer: This verse strongly implies that entry into the Kingdom of Heaven is not based on works, merit, or social standing. Instead, it is contingent upon a transformed heart characterized by humility and dependence. The disciples were debating who was "greatest" ([Matthew 18:1](/matthew/18-1 "Matthew 18:1 - Disciples' Question on Greatness")), implying a hierarchy based on achievement or status. Jesus' response completely subverts this idea, stating that the prerequisite is a radical conversion and a childlike spirit. This aligns with the biblical teaching that salvation is by grace through faith ([Ephesians 2:8-9](/ephesians/2-8-9 "Ephesians 2:8-9 - Salvation by Grace Through Faith")), which requires a humble heart to receive.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Matthew 18:3 finds its ultimate fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ, who perfectly embodied the childlike humility He commanded. He, though "in the form of God, did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself, by taking the form of a servant, being born in the likeness of men" ([Philippians 2:6-7](/philippians/2-6-7 "Philippians 2:6-7 - Christ's Humility")). Jesus, the King of the Kingdom, demonstrated the very humility He calls His followers to embrace, willingly depending on the Father and submitting to His will, even to the point of death on a cross ([Philippians 2:8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Christ's Obedience to Death")). Furthermore, the "conversion" Jesus speaks of is made possible only through His atoning sacrifice and the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit, which enables a person to be "born again" ([John 3:3-5](/john/3-3-5 "John 3:3-5 - Being Born Again to Enter the Kingdom")). Thus, to "become as little children" is to participate in the new humanity inaugurated by Christ, a humanity characterized by humble dependence on God and radical trust in His provision, just as Jesus Himself lived and taught. He is the ultimate example and the means by which such a profound transformation is possible, granting access to the very Kingdom He proclaimed.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Mark 10:14

But when Jesus saw [it], he was much displeased, and said unto them, Suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God.

Mark 10:15

Verily I say unto you, Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall not enter therein.

1 Peter 2:2

As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby:

Matthew 19:14

But Jesus said, Suffer little children, and forbid them not, to come unto me: for of such is the kingdom of heaven.

Luke 18:16

But Jesus called them [unto him], and said, Suffer little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God.

Luke 18:17

Verily I say unto you, Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child shall in no wise enter therein.

1 Corinthians 14:20

Brethren, be not children in understanding: howbeit in malice be ye children, but in understanding be men.