TRV
Translation
King James Version
And he said unto his servant, Come, and let us draw near to one of these places to lodge all night, in Gibeah, or in Ramah.
Complete Jewish Bible
He said to his servant, "Let's go, and we'll get to one of those places; we'll stay in Giv'ah or Ramah."
Berean Standard Bible
He continued, “Come, let us try to reach one of these towns to spend the night in Gibeah or Ramah.”
American Standard Version
And he said unto his servant, Come and let us draw near to one of these places; and we will lodge in Gibeah, or in Ramah.
World English Bible Messianic
He said to his servant, “Come and let us draw near to one of these places; and we will lodge in Gibeah, or in Ramah.”
Geneva Bible (1599)
And he said vnto his seruant, Come, and let vs drawe neere to one of these places, that wee may lodge in Gibeah or in Ramah.
Young's Literal Translation
And he saith to his young man, `Come, and we draw near to one of the places, and have lodged in Gibeah, or in Ramah.'
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Commentary on Judges 19 verses 1–15
1 ¶ And it came to pass in those days, when there was no king in Israel, that there was a certain Levite sojourning on the side of mount Ephraim, who took to him a concubine out of Bethlehemjudah.
2 And his concubine played the whore against him, and went away from him unto her father's house to Bethlehemjudah, and was there four whole months.
3 And her husband arose, and went after her, to speak friendly unto her, and to bring her again, having his servant with him, and a couple of asses: and she brought him into her father's house: and when the father of the damsel saw him, he rejoiced to meet him.
4 And his father in law, the damsel's father, retained him; and he abode with him three days: so they did eat and drink, and lodged there.
5 And it came to pass on the fourth day, when they arose early in the morning, that he rose up to depart: and the damsel's father said unto his son in law, Comfort thine heart with a morsel of bread, and afterward go your way.
6 And they sat down, and did eat and drink both of them together: for the damsel's father had said unto the man, Be content, I pray thee, and tarry all night, and let thine heart be merry.
7 And when the man rose up to depart, his father in law urged him: therefore he lodged there again.
8 And he arose early in the morning on the fifth day to depart: and the damsel's father said, Comfort thine heart, I pray thee. And they tarried until afternoon, and they did eat both of them.
9 And when the man rose up to depart, he, and his concubine, and his servant, his father in law, the damsel's father, said unto him, Behold, now the day draweth toward evening, I pray you tarry all night: behold, the day groweth to an end, lodge here, that thine heart may be merry; and to morrow get you early on your way, that thou mayest go home.
10 But the man would not tarry that night, but he rose up and departed, and came over against Jebus, which is Jerusalem; and there were with him two asses saddled, his concubine also was with him.
11 And when they were by Jebus, the day was far spent; and the servant said unto his master, Come, I pray thee, and let us turn in into this city of the Jebusites, and lodge in it.
12 And his master said unto him, We will not turn aside hither into the city of a stranger, that is not of the children of Israel; we will pass over to Gibeah.
13 And he said unto his servant, Come, and let us draw near to one of these places to lodge all night, in Gibeah, or in Ramah.
14 And they passed on and went their way; and the sun went down upon them when they were by Gibeah, which belongeth to Benjamin.
15 And they turned aside thither, to go in and to lodge in Gibeah: and when he went in, he sat him down in a street of the city: for there was no man that took them into his house to lodging.
The domestic affairs of this Levite would not have been related thus largely but to make way for the following story of the injuries done him, in which the whole nation interested themselves. Bishop Hall's first remark upon this story is, That there is no complain of a public ordered state but there is a Levite at one end of it, either as an agent or as a patient. In Micah's idolatry a Levite was active; in the wickedness of Gibeah a Levite was passive; no tribe shall sooner feel the want of government than that of Levi; and, in all the book of Judges, no mention is made of any of that tribe, but of these two. This Levite was of Mount Ephraim, Jdg 19:1. He married a wife of Bethlehem-Judah. She is called his concubine, because she was not endowed, for perhaps he had nothing to endow her with, being himself a sojourner and not settled; but it does not appear that he had any other wife, and the margin calls her a wife, a concubine, Jdg 19:1. She came from the same city that Micah's Levite came from, as if Bethlehem-Judah owed a double ill turn to Mount Ephraim, for she was as bad for a Levite's wife as the other for a Levite.
I. This Levite's concubine played the whore and eloped from her husband, Jdg 19:2. The Chaldee reads it only that she carried herself insolently to him, or despised him, and, he being displeased at it, she went away from him, and (which was not fair) was received and entertained at her father's house. Had her husband turned her out of doors unjustly, her father ought to have pitied her affliction; but, when she treacherously departed from her husband to embrace the bosom of a stranger, her father ought not to have countenanced her sin. Perhaps she would not have violated her duty to her husband if she had not known too well where she should be kindly received. Children's ruin is often owing very much to parents' indulgence.
II. The Levite went himself to court her return. It was a sign there was no king, no judge, in Israel, else she would have been prosecuted and put to death as an adulteress; but, instead of that, she is addressed in the kindest manner by her injured husband, who takes a long journey on purpose to beseech her to be reconciled, Jdg 19:3. If he had put her away, it would have been a crime in him to return to her again, Jer 3:1. But, she having gone away, it was a virtue in him to forgive the offence, and, though the party wronged, to make the first motion to her to be friends again. It is part of the character of the wisdom from above that it is gentle and easy to be entreated. He spoke friendly to her, or comfortably (for so the Hebrew phrase of speaking to the heart commonly signifies), which intimates that she was in sorrow, penitent fore what she had done amiss, which probably he heard of when he came to fetch her back. Thus God promises concerning adulterous Israel (Hos 2:14), I will bring her into the wilderness, and speak comfortably to her.
III. Her father made him very welcome, and, by his extraordinary kindness to him, endeavoured to atone for the countenance he had given his daughter in withdrawing from him, and to confirm him in his disposition to be reconciled to her. 1. He entertains him kindly, rejoices to see him (Jer 3:3), treats him generously for three days, Jdg 19:4. And the Levite, to show that he was perfectly reconciled, accepted his kindness, and we do not find that he upbraided him or his daughter with what had been amiss, but was as easy and as pleasant as at his first wedding-feast. It becomes all, but especially Levites, to forgive as God does. Every thing among them gave a hopeful prospect of their living comfortably together for the future; but, could they have foreseen what befel them within one day or two, how would all their mirth have been embittered and turned into mourning! When the affairs of our families are in the best posture we ought to rejoice with trembling, because we know not what troubles one day may bring forth. We cannot foresee what evil is near us, but we ought to consider what may be, that we may not be secure, as if tomorrow must needs be as this day and much more abundant, Isa 56:12. 2. He is very earnest for his stay, as a further demonstration of his hearty welcome. The affection he had for him, and the pleasure he took in his company, proceeded, (1.) From a civil regard to him as his son-in-law and an ingrafted branch of his own house. Note, Love and duty are due to those to whom we are related by marriage as well as to those who are bone of our bone: and those that show kindness as this Levite did may expect to receive kindness as he did. And, (2.) From a pious respect to him as a Levite, a servant of God's house; if he was such a Levite as he should be (and nothing appears to the contrary) he is to be commended for courting his stay, finding his conversation profitable, and having opportunity to learn from him the good knowledge of the Lord, hoping also that the Lord will do him good because he has a Levite to be his son-in-law, and will bless him for his sake. [1.] He forces him to stay the fourth day, and this was kind; not knowing when they might be together again, he engages him to stay as long as he possibly could. The Levite, though nobly treated, was very urgent to be gone. A good man's heart is where his business is; for as a bird that wanders from her nest so is the man that wanders form his place. It is a sign a man has either little to do at home, or little heart to do what he has to do, when he can take pleasure in being long abroad where he has nothing to do. It is especially good to see a Levite willing to go home to his few sheep in the wilderness. Yet this Levite was overcome by importunity and kind persuasion to stay longer than he intended, Jdg 19:5-7. We ought to avoid the extreme of an over-easy yielding, to the neglect of our duty on the one hand, and that of moroseness and wilfulness, to the neglect of our friends and their kindness on the other hand. Our Saviour, after his resurrection, was prevailed upon to stay with his friends longer than he at first intimated to be his purpose, Luk 24:28, Luk 24:29. [2.] He forces him to stay till the afternoon of the fifth day, and this, as it proved, was unkind, Jdg 19:8, Jdg 19:9. He would by no means let him go before dinner, promises him he shall have dinner early, designing thereby, as he had done the day before, to detain him another night; but the Levite was intent on the house of the Lord at Shiloh (Jdg 19:18), and, being impatient to get thither, would stay no longer. Had they set out early, they might have reached some better lodging-place than that which they were now constrained to take up with, nay, they might have got to Shiloh. Note, Our friends' designed kindnesses often prove, in the event, real injuries; what is meant for our welfare becomes a trap. Who knows what is good for a man in this life? The Levite was unwise in setting out so late; he might have got home better if he had staid a night longer and taken the day before him.
IV. In his return home he was forced to lodge at Gibeah, a city in the tribe of Benjamin, afterwards called Gibeah of Saul, which lay on his road towards Shiloh and Mount Ephraim. When it drew towards night, and the shadows of the evening were stretched out, they began to think (as it behoves us to do when we observe the day of our life hastening towards a period) where they must lodge. When night came they could not pursue their journey. He that walketh in darkness knoweth not whither he goes. They could not but desire rest, for which the night was intended, as the day for labour. 1. The servant proposed that they should lodge in Jebus, afterwards Jerusalem, but as yet in the possession of Jebusites. "Come," said the servant, "let us lodge in this city of the Jebusites," Jdg 19:11. And, if they had done so, it is probable they would have had much better usage than they met with in Gibeah of Benjamin. Debauched and profligate Israelites are worse and much more dangerous than Canaanites themselves. But the master, as became one of God's tribe, would by no means quarter, no, not one night, in a city of strangers (Jdg 19:12), not because he questioned his safety among them, but he was not willing, if he could possibly avoid it, to have so much intimacy and familiarity with them as a night's lodging came to, nor to be so much beholden to them. By shunning this place he would witness against the wickedness of those that contracted friendship and familiarity with these devoted nations. Let Israelites, Levites especially, associate with Israelites, and not with the sons of the stranger. 2. Having passed by Jebus, which was about five or six miles from Bethlehem (the place whence they came), and not having daylight to bring them to Ramah, they stopped at Gibeah (Jdg 19:13-15); there they sat down in the street, nobody offering them a lodging. In these countries, at that time, there were no inns, or public-houses, in which, as with us, travellers might have entertainment for their money, but they carried entertainment along with them, as this Levite did (Jdg 19:19), and depended upon the courtesy and hospitality of the inhabitants for a lodging. Let us take occasion hence, when we are in journeys, to thank God for this, among other conveniences of travelling, that there are inns to entertain strangers, and in which they may be welcome and well accommodated for their money. Surely there is no country in the world wherein one may stay at home with more satisfaction, or go abroad with more comfort, than in our own nation. This traveller, though a Levite (and to those of that tribe God had particularly commanded his people to be kind upon all occasions), met with very cold entertainment at Gibeah: No man took them into his house. If they had any reason to think he was a Levite perhaps that made those ill-disposed people the more shy of him. There are those who will have this laid to their charge at the great day, I was a stranger and you took me not in.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 1–15. Public domain.
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Ambrose of MilanAD 397
On the Duties of the Clergy 3.19.113
When some little progress was made, though night was threatening to come on, and they were close by the town of the Jebusites, on the slave’s request that his lord should turn aside there, he refused, because it was not a city of the children of Israel. He meant to get as far as Gibeah, which was inhabited by the people of the tribe of Benjamin. But when they arrived there was no one to receive them with hospitality, except a stranger of advanced age—when he had looked upon them he asked the Levite, “Where are you going and from where have you come?” On his answering that he was traveling and was making for Mount Ephraim and that there was no one to take him in, the old man offered him hospitality and prepared a meal.
Ambrose of MilanAD 397
LETTER 33
He set out on his journey in happy spirits because he had recovered his dearly beloved wife. One servant was with him, and as day was already declining they sped on their way with swift steps. The woman rode on an ass; her husband felt no weariness, taking joy in his desire and lightening his journey with talk at times with the woman, at times with the slave. When at length they neared Jerusalem, about thirty stades away, a place inhabited then by Jebusites, the servant boy suggested that they turn into the city, especially since night makes even safe places suspect and one must guard against the uncertainties of darkness, and particularly since the inhabitants of this locality were not of the children of Israel. They should beware lest treachery be done with hostile design, for the night’s darkness is opportune enough for any tricksters to perpetrate evil. But his master did not care for the servant’s idea of seeking lodging among foreigners, since Gaba [Gibeah] and Rama, cities of Benjamin, were not far distant. His strong will overrode the servant’s suggestion, as though advice takes its value from one’s condition [of birth] rather than that through advice a lowly condition may be raised. The sun was now setting and he agreed reluctantly to go into the city [Gibeah], for he was overtaken by evening. The Gabanites lived there, unfriendly, harsh, unbearable people, who could stand anything but to receive people hospitably. Indeed, it would have been much more suitable had the Levite not sought hospitality in Gaba [Gibeah]. That his treatment be utterly offensive, he found on entering the city that there was no inn. And when he sat on the road imploring the mercy of these strangers, an old man from the fields happened to stumble on him, for evening had compelled him to leave his work in the fields at night. Seeing him, he asked where he was from and where he was going. He answered, “I came from Bethlehem of Judah, I am going to Mount Ephrem, and my wife is here with me. But I have learned that there is no one here to give hospitality and provide us a chance to rest.” He needed no food or drink for himself nor food for his flock, but they had been refused the hospitality of shelter. They had everything; only a bare lodging was needed. To this the old man kindly and calmly said, “Peace to you! Come in as my guest and fellow citizen, for I am also from the region of Mount Ephrem, and here is a lodging place; someone who lived here a long time laid its foundations.” Having received them into his home, he attentively and carefully provided for his guests and entertained them.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Judges 19:13 marks a seemingly routine decision by a traveling Levite, accompanied by his concubine and servant, to seek overnight lodging, yet this choice tragically becomes the catalyst for one of the most horrifying and morally depraved narratives in the biblical canon. This verse, depicting the deliberation between Gibeah and Ramah as potential resting places after their journey from Bethlehem, unknowingly sets the stage for an abyss of societal breakdown, unspeakable violence, and the subsequent eruption of a devastating civil war that nearly annihilates an entire tribe of Israel.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Judges 19:13 is rich with literary devices that amplify its dramatic impact and theological significance. The most prominent is Foreshadowing. The seemingly innocent choice between Gibeah and Ramah subtly hints at the impending horror, as the narrative immediately proceeds to depict the extreme depravity found in Gibeah. This mundane decision becomes a chilling precursor to the unspeakable violence that will unfold. Closely related is Irony. The Levite's decision to seek lodging in an Israelite town, expecting the customary hospitality, is met with an appalling lack of welcome and ultimately, horrific violence, making the very idea of "safety" in Gibeah deeply ironic. Furthermore, there is profound Geographic Symbolism. Gibeah, a town whose name means "hill," ironically becomes a symbol of the depths of Israel's moral and spiritual decline, a "hill of shame." Its later association with King Saul, Israel's first monarch, further imbues this location with symbolic weight, suggesting a foundational corruption within the very tribe from which Israel's initial leadership would emerge.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Judges 19:13, though brief, serves as a theological gateway into profound themes concerning human responsibility, societal decay, and the devastating consequences of moral abandonment. The Levite's seemingly simple decision to seek lodging underscores the ancient Israelite covenantal expectation of hospitality, a foundational virtue reflecting God's own welcoming nature towards His people and strangers alike. The subsequent narrative, triggered by this choice, tragically illustrates the complete breakdown of this divine command, revealing a society where the absence of a righteous king has led to a pervasive "every man did what was right in his own eyes" mentality. This verse thus highlights the critical importance of communal moral integrity and the dire spiritual and social repercussions when a people forsake God's laws and embrace self-serving depravity, ultimately pointing to humanity's inherent need for divine order and redemption.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Judges 19:13 serves as a sobering reminder that seemingly insignificant decisions can unleash unforeseen and devastating consequences. The Levite's choice of lodging, while practical, ultimately led to unimaginable horror, prompting us to consider the moral implications of our own daily choices and the environments we choose to inhabit or tolerate. This verse also compels us to reflect on the vital role of communal responsibility and the profound societal decay that occurs when basic standards of human decency, compassion, and divine law are abandoned. It challenges us to cultivate discernment, not merely to avoid physical danger, but to recognize and resist the spiritual and moral rot that can permeate communities and individual lives when God's truth is disregarded. We are called to be agents of light and hospitality in a world that often mirrors the darkness of Gibeah, actively upholding righteousness and extending genuine care to those around us, remembering that our actions, however small, contribute to the moral fabric of our society.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why did the Levite choose Gibeah over Jebus (Jerusalem)?
Answer: The narrative in Judges 19:11-12 explicitly states that the Levite chose not to lodge in Jebus (the pre-Israelite name for Jerusalem), even though it was a major city. His reasoning was that it was a city of "strangers" (Jebusites), not Israelites. This decision highlights a tribal and ethnic preference for lodging among his own people, even though the Jebusites might have offered hospitality. Ironically, his choice to seek refuge among fellow Israelites in Gibeah, a Benjaminite town, proved far more perilous than staying with the "strangers" in Jebus, underscoring the profound moral corruption within Israel itself during this period.
What is the significance of the choice between Gibeah and Ramah?
Answer: The choice between Gibeah and Ramah in Judges 19:13 is fraught with dramatic irony and symbolic weight. Both were Benjaminite towns, but the Levite's decision to enter Gibeah proved catastrophic. Ramah, meaning "height," was a priestly city and a place of prophetic activity (e.g., 1 Samuel 7:17). While it's not explicitly stated that Ramah would have been safer, the narrative's focus on Gibeah's depravity makes the choice a pivotal turning point. Gibeah, meaning "hill," later became the capital of Israel's first king, Saul, a Benjaminite (1 Samuel 10:26). The horrors committed in Gibeah in Judges 19 thus cast a long, dark shadow over the future of the Benjaminite tribe and its royal lineage, suggesting a deep-seated moral rot that would plague Israel's early monarchy.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The grim narrative initiated by Judges 19:13, with its shocking portrayal of human depravity and the complete breakdown of societal order, powerfully underscores Israel's desperate need for a righteous king. The repeated refrain, "in those days there was no king in Israel," finds its ultimate answer in Jesus Christ, the true and eternal King who perfectly embodies the justice, mercy, and order that Israel so desperately lacked. Unlike the failed hospitality of Gibeah, Christ offers ultimate refuge and genuine welcome to all who come to Him, declaring, "Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest" (Matthew 11:28). The shocking violence and moral anarchy of Judges 19 highlight the depth of human sin and the need for divine intervention, pointing forward to the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world. Through His atoning sacrifice, Christ not only redeems humanity from its inherent depravity but also establishes a new community, the Church, where true hospitality, love, and righteousness are to be practiced, fulfilling the very virtues so tragically absent in Gibeah. He is the ultimate safe harbor, the King who brings order to chaos, and the One who transforms hearts of stone into hearts of flesh, offering a spiritual home far superior to any earthly lodging, a fulfillment of God's promise to dwell among His people (Revelation 21:3).