TRV
Translation
Complete Jewish Bible
Holon with its surrounding open land; D'vir with its surrounding open land;
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In the KJVVerse 6,397 of 31,102
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Commentary on Joshua 21 verses 9–42
9 ¶ And they gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are here mentioned by name,
10 Which the children of Aaron, being of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi, had: for theirs was the first lot.
11 And they gave them the city of Arba the father of Anak, which city is Hebron, in the hill country of Judah, with the suburbs thereof round about it.
12 But the fields of the city, and the villages thereof, gave they to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession.
13 Thus they gave to the children of Aaron the priest Hebron with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Libnah with her suburbs,
14 And Jattir with her suburbs, and Eshtemoa with her suburbs,
15 And Holon with her suburbs, and Debir with her suburbs,
16 And Ain with her suburbs, and Juttah with her suburbs, and Bethshemesh with her suburbs; nine cities out of those two tribes.
17 And out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with her suburbs, Geba with her suburbs,
18 Anathoth with her suburbs, and Almon with her suburbs; four cities.
19 All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their suburbs.
20 And the families of the children of Kohath, the Levites which remained of the children of Kohath, even they had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim.
21 For they gave them Shechem with her suburbs in mount Ephraim, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Gezer with her suburbs,
22 And Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbs; four cities.
23 And out of the tribe of Dan, Eltekeh with her suburbs, Gibbethon with her suburbs,
24 Aijalon with her suburbs, Gathrimmon with her suburbs; four cities.
25 And out of the half tribe of Manasseh, Tanach with her suburbs, and Gathrimmon with her suburbs; two cities.
26 All the cities were ten with their suburbs for the families of the children of Kohath that remained.
27 And unto the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the other half tribe of Manasseh they gave Golan in Bashan with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Beeshterah with her suburbs; two cities.
28 And out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishon with her suburbs, Dabareh with her suburbs,
29 Jarmuth with her suburbs, Engannim with her suburbs; four cities.
30 And out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with her suburbs, Abdon with her suburbs,
31 Helkath with her suburbs, and Rehob with her suburbs; four cities.
32 And out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Hammothdor with her suburbs, and Kartan with her suburbs; three cities.
33 All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their suburbs.
34 And unto the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with her suburbs, and Kartah with her suburbs,
35 Dimnah with her suburbs, Nahalal with her suburbs; four cities.
36 And out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with her suburbs, and Jahazah with her suburbs,
37 Kedemoth with her suburbs, and Mephaath with her suburbs; four cities.
38 And out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with her suburbs, to be a city of refuge for the slayer; and Mahanaim with her suburbs,
39 Heshbon with her suburbs, Jazer with her suburbs; four cities in all.
40 So all the cities for the children of Merari by their families, which were remaining of the families of the Levites, were by their lot twelve cities.
41 All the cities of the Levites within the possession of the children of Israel were forty and eight cities with their suburbs.
42 These cities were every one with their suburbs round about them: thus were all these cities.
We have here a particular account of the cities which were given to the children of Levi out of the several tribes, not only to be occupied and inhabited by them, as tenants to the several tribes in which they lay - no, their interest in them was not dependent and precarious, but to be owned and possessed by them as lords and proprietors, and as having the same title to them that the rest of the tribes had to their cities or lands, as appears by the law which preserved the house in the Levites' cities from being alienated any longer than till the year of jubilee, Lev 25:32, Lev 25:33. Yet it is probable that the Levites having only the cities and suburbs, while the land about pertained to the tribes in which they lay, those of that tribe, for the convenience of occupying that land, might commonly rent houses of the Levites, as they could spare them in their cities, and so live among them as their tenants. Several things may be observed in this account, besides what was observed in the law concerning it, Num. 35.
I. That the Levites were dispersed into all the tribes, and not suffered to live all together in any one part of the country. This would find them all with work, and employ them all for the good of others; for ministers, of all people, must neither be idle nor live to themselves or to one another only. Christ left his twelve disciples together in a body, but left orders that they should in due time disperse themselves, that they might preach the gospel to every creature. The mixing of the Levites thus with the other tribes would be an obligation upon them to walk circumspectly, and as became their sacred function, and to avoid every thing that might disgrace it. Had they lived all together, they would have been tempted to wink at one another's faults, and to excuse one another when they did amiss; but by this means they were made to see the eyes of all Israel upon them, and therefore saw it their concern to walk so as that their ministry might in nothing be blamed nor their high character suffer by their ill carriage.
II. That every tribe of Israel was adorned and enriched with its share of Levites' cities in proportion to its compass, even those that lay most remote. They were all God's people, and therefore they all had Levites among them. 1. To show kindness to, as God appointed them, Deu 12:19; Deu 14:29. They were God's receivers, to whom the people might give their grateful acknowledgments of God's goodness, as the occasion and disposition were. 2. To receive advice and instruction from; when they could not go up to the tabernacle, to consult those who attended there, they might go to a Levites' city, and be taught the good knowledge of the Lord. Thus God set up a candle in every room of his house, to give light to all his family; as those that attended the altar kept the charge of the Lord, to see that no divine appointment was neglected there, so those that were scattered in the country had their charge too, which was to see that no idolatrous superstitious usages were introduced at a distance and to watch for the souls of God's Israel. Thus did God graciously provide for the keeping up of religion among them, and that they might have the word nigh them; yet, blessed be God, we, under the gospel, have it yet nigher, not only Levites in every county, but Levites in every parish, whose office it is still to teach the people knowledge, and to go before them in the things of God.
III. That there were thirteen cities, and those some of the best, appointed for the priests, the sons of Aaron, Jos 21:19. Aaron left but two sons, Eleazar and Ithamar, yet his family was now so much increased, and it was foreseen that it would in process of time grow so numerous, as to replenish all these cities, though a considerable number must of necessity be resident wherever the ark and the altar were. We read in both Testaments of such numbers of priests that we may suppose none of all the families of Israel that came out of Egypt increased afterwards so much as that of Aaron did; and the promise afterwards to the house of Aaron is, God shall increase you more and more, you and your children, Psa 115:12, Psa 115:14. He will raise up a seed to serve him.
IV. That some of the Levites' cities were afterwards famous upon other accounts. Hebron was the city in which David began his reign, and in Manhanaim, another Levites' city (Jos 21:38), he lay, and had his headquarters when he fled from Absalom. The first Israelite that ever wore the title of king (namely, Abimelech, the son of Gideon) reigned in Shechem, another Levites' city, Jos 21:21.
V. That the number of them in all was more than of most of the tribes, except Judah, though the tribe of Levi was one of the least of the tribes, to show how liberal God is, and his people should be, to his ministers; yet the disproportion will not appear so great as at first it seems, if we consider that the Levites had cities only with their suburbs to dwell in, but the rest of the tribes, besides their cities (and those perhaps were many more than are named in the account of their lot), had many unwalled towns and villages which they inhabited, besides country houses.
Upon the whole, it appears that effectual care was taken that the Levites should live both comfortably and usefully: and those, whether ministers or others, for whom Providence has done well, must look upon themselves as obliged thereby to do good, and, according as their capacity and opportunity are, to serve their generation.
Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 9–42. Public domain.
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Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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SUMMARY
Joshua 21:15 is a precise detail within the broader account of the Levites' inheritance, specifically identifying Holon and Debir, two cities from the territory of Judah, along with their associated pasturelands, as allotments for the priestly sons of Aaron. This verse underscores God's meticulous fulfillment of His covenant promises, demonstrating His unwavering commitment to providing for those dedicated to His service, thereby enabling them to carry out their vital spiritual duties across the entire nation of Israel.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The listing of cities in Joshua 21, including Holon and Debir in verse 15, primarily employs Enumeration and Repetition. The systematic listing of each city "with her suburbs" creates a sense of meticulous detail and thoroughness, emphasizing the comprehensive nature of God's provision and the precise fulfillment of His commands. This Repetition of "with her suburbs" throughout the chapter reinforces the practical and holistic aspect of the Levites' inheritance, highlighting that their sustenance was as important as their dwelling places. The chapter itself functions as a Testimony to God's faithfulness, demonstrating how every promise made to Israel concerning the land and the Levites' unique inheritance was meticulously brought to pass. The precise geographical and tribal details also lend a strong sense of Verisimilitude, grounding the narrative in historical reality and reinforcing the reliability of God's word.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 21:15, as part of the Levitical city distribution, profoundly illustrates God's unwavering faithfulness to His covenant promises and His meticulous care for those dedicated to His service. It underscores the principle that divine calling comes with divine provision, ensuring that those set apart for spiritual duties are adequately sustained. This systematic allocation also reflects God's character as a God of order, demonstrating that His plans are executed with precision and purpose, not chaos. The scattering of the Levitical cities throughout Israel also served a missional purpose, allowing the Levites to be present across the nation to instruct and guide all the tribes in the Law of God, serving as spiritual anchors and teachers, thus fulfilling their role as spiritual guardians and educators.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While Joshua 21:15 details an ancient land distribution, its underlying principles offer profound lessons for contemporary believers. This verse reminds us that God is a God of meticulous detail and unwavering faithfulness. Just as He made specific, practical provisions for the Levites to ensure their sustenance while they focused on spiritual duties, He cares for the needs of His people today, often in specific and practical ways. It encourages us to trust in His comprehensive provision, knowing that if He cares for the sparrows, He will certainly care for us, His beloved children, as Jesus teaches in Matthew 6:26. Furthermore, the divine order evident in this distribution encourages us to pursue order and good stewardship in our own lives and ministries, recognizing that God works through structured and intentional processes. It also highlights the importance of supporting those who dedicate their lives to ministry, allowing them to devote themselves fully to their calling without undue material burdens, echoing the New Testament principle of supporting those who labor in the Gospel, as seen in 1 Corinthians 9:14.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why did the Levites not receive a tribal land inheritance like the other tribes?
Answer: The Levites did not receive a continuous tribal land inheritance because God Himself was declared to be their inheritance. As the tribe set apart for priestly and temple service, their primary role was to minister to the Lord and teach His laws to Israel. This unique status meant they were supported by the tithes and offerings of the other tribes, ensuring their livelihood without the need for agricultural land. Instead of a large territorial inheritance, they were given 48 cities scattered throughout the territories of the other tribes, along with their surrounding pasturelands (suburbs), as detailed in Numbers 35:1-8 and fulfilled in Joshua 21. This arrangement allowed them to be present across the nation, fulfilling their spiritual duties and serving as a spiritual anchor for all of Israel.
What is the significance of "suburbs" in this context?
Answer: In the context of Joshua 21:15 and other Old Testament passages concerning Levitical cities, "suburbs" (Hebrew: migrashim) does not refer to residential areas on the outskirts of a modern city. Instead, it specifically denotes the open pasturelands or common lands immediately surrounding the city walls. These migrashim were essential for the Levites, who, unlike the other tribes, did not possess arable land for farming. They relied on these designated areas to graze their livestock, which were crucial for their sustenance and for offerings. The meticulous allocation of these "suburbs" alongside the cities underscores God's comprehensive and practical provision for the Levites' material needs, enabling them to focus on their sacred duties without economic hardship.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Joshua 21:15, with its detailed account of God's provision for the Levites, finds its ultimate fulfillment in Christ. The Old Testament Levitical priesthood, with its specific inheritance and duties, foreshadowed the perfect and eternal priesthood of Jesus Christ, who is our great High Priest, as affirmed in Hebrews 4:14, and the mediator of a new and better covenant, as described in Hebrews 8:6. While the Levites received cities and pasturelands as their earthly inheritance, Christ's inheritance is far greater: He inherits all things, as declared in Hebrews 1:2, and is the true "portion" and "inheritance" for all who believe in Him, echoing the sentiment of Psalm 16:5. The scattering of the Levitical cities throughout Israel allowed them to be a spiritual presence for all tribes, teaching the Law and maintaining the purity of worship; similarly, through Christ, the Holy Spirit is poured out on all believers, making them a "royal priesthood," as proclaimed in 1 Peter 2:9, scattered throughout the world to proclaim His excellencies. Just as God meticulously provided for the Levites so they could serve Him, He provides for His New Testament people through the inexhaustible riches of His grace in Christ Jesus, as promised in Philippians 4:19. Ultimately, the security and sustenance found in Holon and Debir for the Levites point to the perfect security and eternal sustenance found in union with Christ, our true and everlasting inheritance and the source of all our provision.