Jeremiah 33:12

KJV

Thus saith the LORD of hosts; Again in this place, which is desolate without man and without beast, and in all the cities thereof, shall be an habitation of shepherds causing [their] flocks to lie down.

KJV (with Strong's)

Thus saith {H559} the LORD {H3068} of hosts {H6635}; Again in this place {H4725}, which is desolate {H2720} without man {H120} and without beast {H929}, and in all the cities {H5892} thereof, shall be an habitation {H5116} of shepherds {H7462} causing their flocks {H6629} to lie down {H7257}.

Complete Jewish Bible

ADONAI-Tzva'ot says, "In this place, which is a wasteland without people or animals, and in all its cities, there will once again be pasture-lands where shepherds can let their flocks rest.

Berean Standard Bible

This is what the LORD of Hosts says: In this desolate place, without man or beast, and in all its cities, there will once more be pastures for shepherds to rest their flocks.

American Standard Version

Thus saith Jehovah of hosts: Yet again shall there be in this place, which is waste, without man and without beast, and in all the cities thereof, a habitation of shepherds causing their flocks to lie down.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Jeremiah 33:12 delivers a profound promise of divine restoration, declaring that the land of Judah, currently desolate and devoid of life due to judgment, will once again flourish. Through the authoritative word of the LORD of hosts, what was barren will become a peaceful habitation where shepherds tend their flocks, symbolizing a return to prosperity, security, and the tranquil order that God intends for His people. This verse stands as a beacon of hope, affirming God's power to reverse even the most dire circumstances and fulfill His covenant promises.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within the "Book of Consolation" ([Jeremiah 30-33](/jeremiah/30 "Jeremiah 30-33 - The Book of Consolation")), a section of Jeremiah's prophecy dedicated to promises of future restoration for Judah and Israel, despite their present suffering and impending exile. Chapters 30-31 detail the return of the exiles and the establishment of a New Covenant, while chapters 32-33 focus on the certainty of these promises, even as Jerusalem is under siege. Jeremiah 33:12 specifically reinforces the physical and agricultural renewal of the land, complementing earlier promises of spiritual healing ([Jeremiah 33:6](/jeremiah/33-6 "Jeremiah 33:6 - Healing and Prosperity")) and the re-establishment of a righteous Davidic king ([Jeremiah 33:15-16](/jeremiah/33-15 "Jeremiah 33:15-16 - The Righteous Branch")). It serves as a tangible illustration of the comprehensive "good" that the Lord will bring upon His people, as mentioned in [Jeremiah 33:14](/jeremiah/33-14 "Jeremiah 33:14 - Fulfillment of God's Good Promise").

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Jeremiah prophesied during a tumultuous period leading up to and during the Babylonian exile. By the time this prophecy was given, Jerusalem was either under siege or had already fallen, and the land of Judah was being systematically depopulated and devastated. The description "desolate without man and without beast" vividly portrays the severity of God's judgment for Judah's persistent idolatry and covenant unfaithfulness. In ancient Near Eastern agrarian societies, the presence of thriving flocks and shepherds was a primary indicator of peace, prosperity, and a well-ordered society. The absence of these signified utter ruin and divine displeasure, making the promise of their return a powerful symbol of complete restoration.

* **Key Themes:** The verse powerfully articulates several core themes. Firstly, **Divine Sovereignty and the Certainty of God's Word** is underscored by the authoritative declaration, "Thus saith the LORD of hosts." This title emphasizes God's absolute power and control over all creation, ensuring that His promises, no matter how impossible they seem, will be fulfilled. Secondly, the theme of **Restoration and Reversal of Judgment** is central. The transformation from a land "desolate without man and without beast" to a "habitation of shepherds causing their flocks to lie down" illustrates God's capacity to bring life out of death and abundance out of barrenness, reversing the consequences of sin and judgment. This echoes similar promises of renewal found in passages like [Ezekiel 36:33-36](/ezekiel/36-33 "Ezekiel 36:33-36 - Restoration of the Land"). Finally, the imagery conveys a profound sense of **Peace, Security, and Abundance**. The picture of flocks resting peacefully under the care of shepherds is a timeless biblical metaphor for shalom—wholeness, well-being, and freedom from fear. This pastoral ideal is reminiscent of the Lord's care for His people as a shepherd, as beautifully depicted in [Psalm 23](/psalms/23 "Psalm 23 - The Lord is My Shepherd").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **desolate (Hebrew, _chârêb'_):** This word (H2720) signifies a state of being parched or ruined, indicating a land that is dry and wasted. In Jeremiah 33:12, it vividly describes the physical condition of Judah's land and cities—a consequence of divine judgment and the ravages of war. It implies not just emptiness, but a destructive emptiness, a land rendered unusable and devoid of the life it once sustained. The promise of reversal is thus all the more striking against this backdrop of utter ruin.

* **habitation (Hebrew, _nâveh'_):** This term (H5116) denotes a home, dwelling place, or pasture. It carries connotations of being "at home," implying satisfaction, comfort, and security. In contrast to "desolate," "nâveh" points to a place where life can thrive, where people and animals can dwell safely and peacefully. For flocks, it specifically refers to a fold or a pleasant pasture where they can rest, highlighting the return of order, productivity, and well-being.

* **lie down (Hebrew, _râbats'_):** This primitive root (H7257) describes the act of an animal crouching or reclining, typically in a state of rest or repose. For flocks, it signifies a state of peace, security, and contentment, where they are not threatened by predators or forced to wander in search of food. The image of flocks "causing their flocks to lie down" is the ultimate picture of a land restored to tranquility and abundance, where basic needs are met and safety is assured under the care of a shepherd.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Thus saith the LORD of hosts":** This opening phrase is a classic prophetic formula, asserting the divine origin and absolute authority of the message. It emphasizes that the following promise is not a human wish or speculation but a certain declaration from God, who possesses unlimited power and is the sovereign commander of all creation ("hosts" referring to armies, heavenly bodies, or all created things). This divine endorsement guarantees the fulfillment of the prophecy.

* **"Again in this place, which is desolate without man and without beast, and in all the cities thereof":** This clause starkly describes the current reality of Judah. The phrase "this place" refers specifically to the land of Judah and its cities, including Jerusalem, which had been devastated by the Babylonian invasion. "Desolate without man and without beast" paints a picture of utter emptiness and ruin, signifying a complete reversal of the life and vibrancy that once characterized the land. The repetition of "without" underscores the thoroughness of the desolation, making the subsequent promise of restoration even more dramatic.

* **"shall be an habitation of shepherds causing [their] flocks to lie down":** This is the core of the promise, a vivid counter-image to the desolation. "An habitation of shepherds" signifies the return of human population and economic activity, particularly the vital pastoral life. The phrase "causing their flocks to lie down" evokes deep peace, security, and prosperity. Flocks lie down when they are well-fed, safe from danger, and content. This imagery points to a future where the land is fertile, the people are secure, and life thrives under divine blessing, reversing the judgment and ushering in an era of shalom.

#### Literary Devices
Jeremiah 33:12 masterfully employs several **literary devices** to convey its powerful message of hope. The most prominent is **Contrast**, setting the stark reality of "desolate without man and without beast" directly against the promised future of "an habitation of shepherds causing their flocks to lie down." This juxtaposition highlights the dramatic reversal God will bring about, emphasizing His power to transform utter ruin into flourishing life. **Imagery** is central, with the pastoral scene of shepherds and resting flocks serving as a rich symbol. This imagery evokes peace, security, abundance, and the tender care of a shepherd, which in biblical thought often represents God's relationship with His people. The phrase "Thus saith the LORD of hosts" functions as a **Prophetic Formula**, lending immense authority and certainty to the declaration. It underscores that the promise is not merely a comforting thought but an unshakeable decree from the sovereign God, assuring its inevitable fulfillment.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Jeremiah 33:12 powerfully articulates God's unwavering commitment to His covenant promises, even in the face of His people's profound unfaithfulness and the devastating consequences of their sin. It reveals a God who, though just in judgment, is ultimately merciful and faithful to His redemptive purposes. The restoration promised here is not merely a return to a past state but a demonstration of God's sovereign power to create new life and order out of chaos and desolation. It underscores the theological truth that God's ultimate plan for His people is one of flourishing and peace, a future secured by His own authoritative word. This verse also highlights the theme of divine care, portraying God as the ultimate Shepherd who will gather and protect His flock, providing them with security and rest.

* [Ezekiel 34:25-28](/ezekiel/34-25-28 "Ezekiel 34:25-28 - Covenant of Peace and Security")
* [Isaiah 65:21-23](/isaiah/65-21-23 "Isaiah 65:21-23 - New Heavens and New Earth")
* [Hosea 2:18-20](/hosea/2-18-20 "Hosea 2:18-20 - Renewal of the Covenant")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Jeremiah 33:12 offers profound encouragement for believers facing periods of personal or communal desolation. Just as Judah experienced utter ruin, we too can encounter circumstances that feel barren, hopeless, or "without man and without beast"—whether it's a broken relationship, a lost dream, a spiritual wilderness, or societal decay. This verse serves as a powerful reminder that God's promises transcend our present realities. His word, spoken with the authority of the "LORD of hosts," has the power to transform any wasteland into a place of peace, security, and flourishing. It calls us to cultivate a radical hope, trusting that even when all seems lost, God is actively working to bring about His good and perfect will, restoring what was broken and bringing life where there was only emptiness. We are invited to rest in His faithfulness, knowing that He is our Good Shepherd who desires for us to "lie down" in peace, even amidst the storms of life.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What areas in your life or community currently feel "desolate" or barren, needing God's restorative touch?**
* **How does the title "LORD of hosts" strengthen your confidence in God's ability to bring about seemingly impossible restoration in your circumstances?**
* **What does the imagery of "shepherds causing their flocks to lie down" teach you about the peace and security God desires for His people, and how can you lean into that promise today?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of the title "LORD of hosts" in this verse?**

Answer: The title "LORD of hosts" (Hebrew: _Yahweh Sabaoth_) is highly significant. "Sabaoth" refers to armies, multitudes, or heavenly bodies, emphasizing God's supreme power, sovereignty, and His command over all creation—both earthly and celestial. In the context of [Jeremiah 33:12](/jeremiah/33-12 "Jeremiah 33:12 - Promise of Restoration"), where God is promising to reverse utter desolation, this title reinforces the absolute certainty and authority of His word. It assures the hearers that the one making this seemingly impossible promise is the Almighty God, who has the power to bring about what He declares, even in the most desperate circumstances. This title underscores His capacity to intervene decisively and supernaturally, making His promises utterly reliable. For more on God's power, see [Psalm 24:10](/psalms/24-10 "Psalm 24:10 - The Lord of Hosts").

**How does Jeremiah 33:12 relate to the Babylonian exile?**

Answer: Jeremiah 33:12 is inextricably linked to the Babylonian exile. At the time of this prophecy, Judah was facing or had already endured the devastating consequences of the Babylonian invasion, which led to the destruction of Jerusalem and the forced deportation of its inhabitants. The land was left "desolate without man and without beast" as a direct result of this judgment. Therefore, the promise in [Jeremiah 33:12](/jeremiah/33-12 "Jeremiah 33:12 - Promise of Restoration") is a direct counter-narrative to this historical reality. It assures the exiles and those left behind that the desolation is not God's final word. Instead, it is a promise of future physical restoration and repopulation of the land, signifying an end to the exile and a return to peace and prosperity under God's blessing. This promise is part of the broader "Book of Consolation" ([Jeremiah 30-33](/jeremiah/30 "Jeremiah 30-33 - The Book of Consolation")), which looks beyond the immediate judgment to a glorious future for God's people.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Jeremiah 33:12 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ, who embodies the very essence of God's restorative promise. While the immediate context speaks to the physical return and renewal of the land of Israel, the spiritual reality foreshadowed points directly to the work of the Messiah. Jesus is the [Good Shepherd](/john/10-11 "John 10:11 - Jesus the Good Shepherd") who lays down His life for His sheep, leading them to true peace and security, causing them to "lie down" in spiritual green pastures, as foretold in [Psalm 23](/psalms/23 "Psalm 23 - The Lord is My Shepherd"). Through His atoning sacrifice and resurrection, Christ reverses the spiritual desolation brought about by sin, which had left humanity "without man and without beast" in terms of true fellowship with God. He brings spiritual life to those who were dead in trespasses and sins ([Ephesians 2:1-5](/ephesians/2-1-5 "Ephesians 2:1-5 - Dead in Sins, Made Alive in Christ")), transforming barren hearts into habitations for the Holy Spirit ([1 Corinthians 6:19](/1_corinthians/6-19 "1 Corinthians 6:19 - Your Body a Temple of the Holy Spirit")). The New Covenant, promised in [Jeremiah 31:31-34](/jeremiah/31-31-34 "Jeremiah 31:31-34 - The New Covenant"), is inaugurated in Christ's blood, bringing about a spiritual restoration that transcends physical land. In Him, believers find true rest, security, and abundant life, anticipating the final and complete restoration of all things in the new heavens and new earth, where God's people will dwell in perfect shalom under the eternal reign of the [Lamb of God](/revelation/21-3 "Revelation 21:3 - God Dwells with His People").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Isaiah 65:10

And Sharon shall be a fold of flocks, and the valley of Achor a place for the herds to lie down in, for my people that have sought me.

Jeremiah 51:62

Then shalt thou say, O LORD, thou hast spoken against this place, to cut it off, that none shall remain in it, neither man nor beast, but that it shall be desolate for ever.

Ezekiel 34:12

As a shepherd seeketh out his flock in the day that he is among his sheep [that are] scattered; so will I seek out my sheep, and will deliver them out of all places where they have been scattered in the cloudy and dark day.

Ezekiel 34:15

I will feed my flock, and I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD.

Jeremiah 36:29

And thou shalt say to Jehoiakim king of Judah, Thus saith the LORD; Thou hast burned this roll, saying, Why hast thou written therein, saying, The king of Babylon shall certainly come and destroy this land, and shall cause to cease from thence man and beast?

Jeremiah 31:24

And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together, husbandmen, and they [that] go forth with flocks.

Zephaniah 2:6

And the sea coast shall be dwellings [and] cottages for shepherds, and folds for flocks.