Jeremiah 31:24

KJV

And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together, husbandmen, and they [that] go forth with flocks.

KJV (with Strong's)

And there shall dwell {H3427} in Judah {H3063} itself, and in all the cities {H5892} thereof together {H3162}, husbandmen {H406}, and they that go forth {H5265} with flocks {H5739}.

Complete Jewish Bible

In it will live together Y'hudah and all its cities, the farmer and those who lead the flocks.

Berean Standard Bible

And Judah and all its cities will dwell together in the land, the farmers and those who move with the flocks,

American Standard Version

And Judah and all the cities thereof shall dwell therein together, the husbandmen, and they that go about with flocks.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Jeremiah 31:24 offers a profound vision of future restoration and flourishing for the land of Judah and its inhabitants, following the devastation of exile. This verse anticipates a time when the desolate cities will be repopulated, and the land will once again be productive, supporting a thriving agricultural and pastoral society. It serves as a powerful testament to God's unwavering faithfulness and His commitment to fulfilling His covenant promises, painting a picture of peace, stability, and renewed life for His people.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Jeremiah 31:24 is situated within the "Book of Comfort" (Jeremiah chapters 30-33), a distinct and hopeful section of Jeremiah's prophecy. This segment marks a significant shift in tone from the preceding chapters, which largely focus on judgment and impending exile. Here, the prophet pivots to messages of future restoration, covenant renewal, and God's enduring love for both the northern kingdom of Israel and the southern kingdom of Judah. Verse 24 specifically contributes to a series of promises regarding the physical return and rebuilding of the land and its people, setting the stage for the profound declaration of the [New Covenant](/jeremiah/31-31 "Jeremiah 31:31 - The New Covenant") that immediately follows. The imagery of repopulation and agricultural activity underscores the tangible, earthly aspect of this promised restoration, emphasizing a return to normalcy and prosperity.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** At the time of this prophecy, Judah was either on the cusp of, or already enduring, the Babylonian exile. This period was characterized by the destruction of Jerusalem, the Temple, and widespread displacement of the population. The land, once vibrant, faced desolation. For an agrarian society like ancient Israel, the ability to "dwell" in their land, cultivate crops, and raise flocks was fundamental to their identity, economy, and well-being. The mention of "husbandmen" and "they that go forth with flocks" directly addresses the economic and social collapse brought by the exile, promising a reversal of these dire circumstances. This return to agricultural and pastoral life symbolized not just survival, but a return to a divinely ordained way of life and a restoration of national vitality, contrasting sharply with the famine and ruin that accompanied God's judgment.
* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully articulates several key themes central to Jeremiah's message of hope. Firstly, **Restoration and Repopulation** are paramount, directly addressing the desolation of the land and the scattering of the people. It promises that the land will not remain empty but will once again teem with life, fulfilling God's commitment to bring His people back, as echoed in prophecies like [Jeremiah 29:10](/jeremiah/29-10 "Jeremiah 29:10 - Promise of Return from Exile"). Secondly, **Agricultural Prosperity** is highlighted through the specific mention of farmers and shepherds, signifying not just mere habitation but a return to productive, self-sustaining activities. This implies peace, stability, and the land yielding its increase, a stark contrast to the barrenness of exile. Lastly, the underlying theme of **God's Faithfulness** shines through. Despite Israel's rebellion and the subsequent judgment, God's ultimate plan for their restoration and blessing remains steadfast, demonstrating His enduring love and covenant commitment, as beautifully expressed in [Jeremiah 31:3](/jeremiah/31-3 "Jeremiah 31:3 - God's Everlasting Love").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **dwell (Hebrew, _yâshab'_):** This root (H3427) signifies more than mere physical presence; it implies settling down, abiding, and establishing a permanent residence. In the context of Jeremiah 31:24, it speaks to a secure and lasting habitation, a stark contrast to the forced displacement and temporary encampments of exile. It suggests a return to stability and peace, where people can truly "make themselves at home" in their land without fear of further upheaval.
* **Judah (Hebrew, _Yᵉhûwdâh'_):** (H3063) refers to the southern kingdom, the territory, and the tribe descended from Judah. Its inclusion here specifies the recipient of this prophecy, emphasizing that God's promise of restoration is directed toward the remnant of His covenant people who endured the Babylonian captivity. The mention of "Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof" underscores the comprehensiveness of the restoration, encompassing both the central territory and its populated centers, which had been devastated.
* **husbandmen (Hebrew, _ʼikkâr'_):** (H406) denotes a farmer or ploughman, someone intimately involved with tilling the soil. This term, alongside "they that go forth with flocks," represents the foundational agricultural and pastoral occupations of ancient Israelite society. Their return signifies not just repopulation, but a return to productive, life-sustaining work that underpins a stable and prosperous community, indicating a complete reversal of the desolation and economic ruin brought by the exile.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together":** This clause paints a picture of comprehensive repopulation and resettlement. "Dwell" (yashab) implies a secure, established presence, not just temporary occupation. The phrase "in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together" emphasizes that the restoration will be widespread and complete, encompassing both the central land and its urban centers, which were likely depopulated or destroyed during the exile. "Together" (yachad) suggests unity and communal life, a return to a cohesive society.
* **"husbandmen, and they that go forth with flocks":** This specifies the types of people who will inhabit the restored land, highlighting the return to fundamental economic activities. "Husbandmen" (farmers) represent the cultivation of the land, signifying agricultural productivity and the provision of food. "They that go forth with flocks" (shepherds) represent pastoralism, indicating a thriving animal husbandry and a return to the traditional, self-sufficient lifestyle of ancient Israel. Together, these two groups symbolize a return to normalcy, prosperity, and the foundational elements of their society, contrasting sharply with the famine and desolation of the exile.

#### Literary Devices
Jeremiah 31:24 is rich in **Imagery**, painting a vivid picture of a restored land. The mention of "Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof" evokes a landscape once desolate now teeming with life, while "husbandmen, and they that go forth with flocks" brings to mind scenes of peaceful agricultural and pastoral activity. This imagery directly contrasts with the devastation of the Babylonian exile, creating a powerful sense of hope and renewal. The verse also employs **Symbolism**, where the presence of farmers and shepherds symbolizes not just physical repopulation but also economic stability, peace, and a return to a divinely blessed way of life. These occupations represent the very fabric of ancient Israelite society, and their return signifies a complete restoration of national well-being. Furthermore, the entire verse functions as a **Prophecy**, a divinely inspired declaration of future events, assuring the exiles of God's unwavering plan for their restoration and the fulfillment of His covenant promises.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Jeremiah 31:24 is a powerful declaration of God's covenant faithfulness and His unwavering commitment to His people, even in the face of their rebellion and subsequent judgment. It underscores the theme of divine restoration, demonstrating that God's ultimate purpose is not destruction but renewal. This verse reveals God's active involvement in reversing the consequences of sin and bringing about a future characterized by peace, productivity, and secure dwelling. It points to a God who remembers His promises and orchestrates circumstances to bring His people back to a place of blessing and flourishing, both physically and spiritually. The return to agricultural and pastoral life symbolizes a return to a right relationship with the land and with God, where the curses of desolation are replaced by the blessings of abundance.

* [Jeremiah 29:10](/jeremiah/29-10 "Jeremiah 29:10 - Promise of Return from Captivity")
* [Jeremiah 31:3](/jeremiah/31-3 "Jeremiah 31:3 - God's Everlasting Love for Israel")
* [Ezekiel 36:33-35](/ekiel/36-33 "Ezekiel 36:33-35 - Desolate Cities Rebuilt and Inhabited")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Jeremiah 31:24 offers a profound message of hope and resilience for all generations. In a world often marked by disruption, displacement, and despair, this verse reminds us that God's redemptive plan is always at work, even when circumstances seem utterly bleak. It encourages us to trust in God's capacity to rebuild and restore, not just on a grand national scale, but also in our personal lives. When we face periods of "exile"—whether from a sense of purpose, community, or spiritual vitality—this prophecy assures us that God desires to bring us back to a place of secure dwelling, productivity, and peace. It calls us to cultivate patience and faith, knowing that God's long-term vision for our flourishing often unfolds through seasons of waiting and transformation. Just as the land of Judah was promised to be re-inhabited by those who work it, we are called to actively participate in God's restorative work in our own spheres, trusting that He will bring forth fruit from our labors and establish us in His purposes.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life do you feel a sense of "desolation" or "exile," and how does the promise of restoration in Jeremiah 31:24 speak to those areas?**
* **What does it mean for you to "dwell" securely in God's presence, even amidst uncertain circumstances?**
* **How can you embody the spirit of the "husbandman" or "shepherd" in your daily life, tending to the responsibilities and relationships God has entrusted to you with diligence and hope?**
* **What practical steps can you take to trust God's long-term plan for restoration, even when immediate circumstances seem dire?**

### FAQ
**What does this verse signify about God's long-term plan for His people?**

Answer: Jeremiah 31:24 signifies God's unwavering commitment to the restoration and flourishing of His covenant people, even after periods of severe judgment and discipline. It reveals that God's ultimate plan is not to abandon or permanently desolate His creation or His chosen people, but to bring them back to a state of peace, productivity, and secure dwelling. This verse, part of the "Book of Comfort," highlights that divine discipline is corrective, not annihilative, and that God's faithfulness ensures a future where His people will once again inhabit their land, engage in life-sustaining activities, and experience His blessing. It points to an eschatological hope where God's promises of a restored community and a renewed land are fully realized, ultimately culminating in the new heavens and new earth where God's people [dwell with Him forever](/revelation/21-3 "Revelation 21:3 - God's Dwelling with Humanity").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Jeremiah 31:24, with its vision of a repopulated and productive Judah, finds its ultimate and deepest fulfillment in Jesus Christ. While the prophecy initially speaks to a physical return and agricultural flourishing, Christ embodies the spiritual reality of this restoration. He is the true [Good Shepherd](/john/10-11 "John 10:11 - Jesus, the Good Shepherd") who gathers His scattered flock, bringing them into a secure dwelling in His kingdom. Just as husbandmen would work the land, Jesus declares Himself the [true vine](/john/15-1 "John 15:1 - Jesus, the True Vine"), and His followers are the branches, called to bear much spiritual fruit through their connection to Him. He cultivates and nourishes His people, ensuring their spiritual prosperity and growth. The promise of dwelling "in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together" points to the new spiritual community, the Church, which is gathered from every nation, tribe, people, and language, and finds its true home and unity in Christ. Through His atoning work, Jesus restores humanity's relationship with God, enabling us to "dwell" securely in His presence and participate in the spiritual harvest of His kingdom, fulfilling the deepest longings for peace, purpose, and abundant life foreshadowed in this Old Testament prophecy. He is the one who makes all things new, establishing a dwelling place for His people that is eternal and glorious, as promised in [Revelation 21:1-4](/revelation/21-1 "Revelation 21:1-4 - The New Heaven and New Earth").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Zechariah 8:4

Thus saith the LORD of hosts; There shall yet old men and old women dwell in the streets of Jerusalem, and every man with his staff in his hand for very age.

Zechariah 8:8

And I will bring them, and they shall dwell in the midst of Jerusalem: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God, in truth and in righteousness.

Ezekiel 36:10

And I will multiply men upon you, all the house of Israel, [even] all of it: and the cities shall be inhabited, and the wastes shall be builded:

Jeremiah 33:11

The voice of joy, and the voice of gladness, the voice of the bridegroom, and the voice of the bride, the voice of them that shall say, Praise the LORD of hosts: for the LORD [is] good; for his mercy [endureth] for ever: [and] of them that shall bring the sacrifice of praise into the house of the LORD. For I will cause to return the captivity of the land, as at the first, saith the LORD.

Jeremiah 33:13

In the cities of the mountains, in the cities of the vale, and in the cities of the south, and in the land of Benjamin, and in the places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, shall the flocks pass again under the hands of him that telleth [them], saith the LORD.

Zechariah 2:4

And said unto him, Run, speak to this young man, saying, Jerusalem shall be inhabited [as] towns without walls for the multitude of men and cattle therein: