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Commentary on Jeremiah 32 verses 16–25
We have here Jeremiah's prayer to God upon occasion of the discoveries God had made to him of his purposes concerning this nation, to pull it down, and in process of time to build it up again, which puzzled the prophet himself, who, though he delivered his messages faithfully, yet, in reflecting upon them, was greatly at a loss within himself how to reconcile them; in that perplexity he poured out his soul before God in prayer, and so gave himself ease. That which disturbed him was not the bad bargain he seemed to have made for himself in purchasing a field that he was likely to have no good of, but the case of his people, for whom he was still a kind and faithful intercessor, and he was willing to hope that, if God had so much mercy in store for them hereafter as he had promised, he would not proceed with so much severity against them now as he had threatened. Before Jeremiah went to prayer he delivered the deeds that concerned his new purchase to Baruch, which may intimate to us that when we are going to worship God we should get our minds as clear as may be from the cares and incumbrances of this world. Jeremiah was in prison, in distress, in the dark about the meaning of God's providences, and then he prays. Note, Prayer is a salve for every sore. Whatever is a burden to us, we may by prayer cast it upon the Lord and then be easy.
In this prayer, or meditation,
I. Jeremiah adores God and his infinite perfections, and gives him the glory due to his name as the Creator, upholder, and benefactor, of the whole creation, thereby owning his irresistible power, that he can do what he will, and his incontestable sovereignty, that he may do what he will, Jer 32:17-19. Note, When at any time we are perplexed about the particular methods and dispensations of Providence it is good for us to have recourse to our first principles, and to satisfy ourselves with the general doctrines of God's wisdom, power, and goodness. Let us consider, as Jeremiah does here, 1. That God is the fountain of all being, power, life, motion, and perfection: He made the heaven and the earth with his outstretched arm; and therefore who can control him? Who dares contend with him? 2. That with him nothing is impossible, no difficulty insuperable: Nothing is too hard for thee. When human skill and power are quite nonplussed, with God are strength and wisdom sufficient to master all the opposition. 3. That he is a God of boundless bottomless mercy; mercy is his darling attribute; it is his goodness that is his glory: "Thou not only art kind, but thou showest lovingkindness, not to a few, to here and there one, but to thousands, thousands of persons, thousands of generations." 4. That he is a God of impartial and inflexible justice. His reprieves are not pardons, but if in mercy he spares the parents, that they may be led to repentance, yet such a hatred has he to sin, and such a displeasure against sinners, that he recompenses their iniquity into the bosom of their children, and yet does them no wrong; so hateful is the unrighteousness of man, and so jealous of its own honour is the righteousness of God. 5. That he is a God of universal dominion and command: He is the great God, for he is the mighty God, and might among men makes them great. He is the Lord of hosts, of all hosts, that is his name, and he answers to his name, for all the hosts of heaven and earth, of men and angels, are at his beck. 6. That he contrives every thing for the best, and effects every thing as he contrived it: He is great in counsel, so vast are the reaches and so deep are the designs of his wisdom; and he is mighty in doing, according to the counsel of his will. Now such a God as this is not to be quarrelled with. His service is to be constantly adhered to and all his disposals cheerfully acquiesced in.
II. He acknowledges the universal cognizance God takes of all the actions of the children of men and the unerring judgment he passes upon them (Jer 32:19): Thy eyes are open upon all the sons of men, wherever they are, beholding the evil and the good, and upon all their ways, both the course they take and every step they take, not as an unconcerned spectator, but as an observing judge, to give every one according to his ways and according to his deserts, which are the fruit of his doings; for men shall find God as they are found of him.
III. He recounts the great things God had done for his people Israel formerly. 1. He brought them out of Egypt, that house of bondage, with signs and wonders, which remain, if not in the marks of them, yet in the memorials of them, even unto this day; for it would never be forgotten, not only in Israel, who were reminded of it every year by the ordinance of the passover, but among other men: all the neighbouring nations spoke of it, as that which redounded exceedingly to the glory of the God of Israel, and made him a name as at this day. This is repeated (Jer 32:21), that God brought them forth, not only with comforts and joys to them, but with glory to himself, with signs and wonders (witness the ten plagues), with a strong hand, too strong for the Egyptians themselves, and with a stretched-out arm, that reached Pharaoh, proud as he was, and with great terror to them and all about them. This seems to refer to Deu 4:34. 2. He brought them into Canaan, that good land, that land flowing with milk and honey. He swore to their fathers to give it them, and, because he would perform his oath, he did give it to the children (Jer 32:22) and they came in and possessed it. Jeremiah mentions this both as an aggravation of their sin and disobedience and also as a plea with God to work deliverance for them. Note, It is good for us often to reflect upon the great things that God did for his church formerly, especially in the first erecting of it, that work of wonder.
IV. He bewails the rebellions they had been guilty of against God, and the judgments God had brought upon them for these rebellions. It is a sad account he here gives of the ungrateful conduct of that people towards God. He had done every thing that he had promised to do (they had acknowledged it, Kg1 8:56), but they had done nothing of all that he commanded them to do (Jer 32:23); they made no conscience of any of his laws; they walked not in them, paid no respect to any of his calls by his prophets, for they obeyed not his voice. And therefore he owns that God was righteous in causing all this evil to come upon them. The city is besieged, is attacked by the sword without, is weakened and wasted by the famine and pestilence within, so that it is ready to fall into the hands of the Chaldeans that fight against it (Jer 32:24); it is given into their hands, Jer 32:25. Now, 1. He compares the present state of Jerusalem with the divine predictions, and finds that what God has spoken has come to pass. God had given them fair warning of it before; and, if they had regarded this, the ruin would have been prevented; but, if they will not do what God has commanded, they can expect no other than that he should do what he had threatened. 2. He commits the present state of Jerusalem to the divine consideration and compassion (Jer 32:24): Behold the mounts, or ramparts, or the engines which they make use of to batter the city and beat down the wall of it. And again, "Behold thou seest it, and takest cognizance of it. Is this the city that thou has chosen to put thy name there? And shall it be thus abandoned?" He neither complains of God for what he had done nor prescribes to God what he should do, but desires he would behold their case, and is pleased to think that he does behold it. Whatever trouble we are in, upon a personal or public account, we may comfort ourselves with this, that God sees it and sees how to remedy it.
V. He seems desirous to be let further into the meaning of the order God had now given him to purchase his kinsman's field (Jer 32:25): "Though the city is given into the hand of the Chaldeans, and no man is likely to enjoy what he has, yet thou hast said unto me, Buy thou the field." As soon as he understood that it was the mind of God he did it, and made no objections, was not disobedient to the heavenly vision; but, when he had done it, he desired better to understand why God had ordered him to do it, because the thing looked strange and unaccountable. Note, Though we are bound to follow God with an implicit obedience, yet we should endeavour that it may be more and more an intelligent obedience. We must never dispute God's statutes and judgments, but we may and must enquire, What mean these statutes and judgments? Deu 6:20.
Of course nothing is “too hard for the Lord.” But if we choose to apply this principle so extravagantly and harshly in our capricious imaginations, we may then make out God to have done anything we please, on the ground that it was not impossible for him to do it. We must not suppose, however, because he is able to do all things, that he has done what he has not done. But we must inquire whether he has really done it. God could, if he had liked, have furnished humankind with wings to fly with, just as he gave wings to kites. We must not, however, run to the conclusion that he did this because he was able to do it. He might also have extinguished Praxeas and all other heretics at once; it does not follow, however, that he did, simply because he was able. For it was necessary that there should be both kites and heretics; it was necessary also that the Father should be crucified. In one sense there will be something difficult even for God—namely, that which he has not done—not because he could not but because he would not do it. For with God, to be willing is to be able and to be unwilling is to be unable; all that he has willed, however, he has both been able to accomplish and has displayed his ability.
(Vers. 20 seqq.) You have set signs and wonders in the land of Egypt until this day, both in Israel and among mankind (or among earthlings), and have made a name for yourself, as it is this day. You brought your people Israel out of the land of Egypt with signs and wonders, with a strong hand and an outstretched arm, and with great terror. And you gave them this land, which you swore to their fathers to give them, a land flowing with milk and honey. And they entered and took possession of it, but they did not obey your voice and did not walk in your law. Everything that you commanded them to do, they did not do, and all these disasters happened to them. From a general overview, it then focuses on what specifically Israel has accomplished. It says, 'You have set signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, which have afflicted Egypt until this day, and in Israel and among mankind, whether native-born or foreign.' This that is said, up to this day, must be connected to what follows, so that we may read and understand that your signs are fulfilled both in Israel and in all mortals daily. Alternatively, you not only performed signs and wonders in Egypt, but your power of mercy has also saved your people even until today, and you assist the whole human race as the Creator with your power. And it should be noted that Israel is separated from men and earthborn beings, as it is written: 'My firstborn son is Israel.' And you have made for yourself a name as it is to this day (Exodus IV, 22). Your praises, he says, are celebrated in the language of the whole world. And you have brought your people Israel out of the land of Egypt. It is well said, your people, for at that time when they were brought out, they served under the Lord's command. And you brought them out with signs and wonders, by which Egypt was struck, and with a strong hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terror: when the Red Sea provided a way for the people of Israel to cross over, and it obliterated the Egyptian army: And you have given them this land, which you swore to their fathers to give to them: namely, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Therefore, not by their own merit, but by the virtues of their fathers, they received the land flowing with milk and honey. For they were not yet able to consume solid food, but were nourished with milk and honey in their infancy. Indeed, with the abundance and plenty of all things, milk and honey. And they entered and possessed it. And immediately there was no middle ground between possession and disobedience. For abundance produces security, security produces negligence, negligence produces contempt. And they did not obey, he says, your voice, and they did not walk in your law. Therefore, they promised in vain in the wilderness, saying: We will do everything that the Lord has commanded (Exodus 19:8). For the reward is not in the promise, but in the action: to refute the impudence of those who think that a man can fulfill everything that he has promised. They did not do everything that you commanded them to do, and they certainly promised to do so. And all these evils happened to them. Evils for those who are patient, but according to the judgement of the Lord, good things that give to each person according to their ways.
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SUMMARY
Jeremiah 32:20 stands as a powerful declaration within Jeremiah's profound prayer of intercession, offered amidst the dire siege of Jerusalem by Babylonian forces. This verse serves as a robust affirmation of God's enduring power and unwavering faithfulness, recalling His miraculous interventions in the land of Egypt and throughout Israel's historical journey. It underscores that God's mighty acts, particularly the paradigmatic events of the Exodus, irrevocably established His renown and revealed His character, forging a lasting "name" that continues to be recognized and revered "unto this day," even in the face of national catastrophe and impending judgment.
CONTEXT
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
Jeremiah 32:20 masterfully employs several potent literary devices to convey its profound message of divine power and unwavering faithfulness. The phrase "unto this day" and its repetition "as at this day" function as a form of Anaphora or Repetition, powerfully reinforcing the enduring nature of God's actions and the perpetual validity of His established renown across generations. The entire verse serves as a profound Allusion to the Exodus narrative, drawing upon this foundational and universally known event in Israelite history to evoke a deep sense of God's past power and faithfulness, thereby building a theological argument for future hope amidst despair. Furthermore, the reference to God's "name" is a classic example of Metonymy or Synecdoche, where the "name" stands in for God's entire character, reputation, authority, and very essence. This common biblical idiom encapsulates the fullness of God's being and His revealed attributes, signifying that His identity is inextricably linked to His mighty acts.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Jeremiah 32:20 profoundly reinforces the foundational biblical truth that God's character is not abstract but is concretely revealed through His decisive actions in history. The "signs and wonders" in Egypt established a foundational paradigm for understanding God's nature as a powerful Deliverer and a covenant-keeping God, a truth to which Jeremiah appeals even as Judah faces its darkest hour. The verse asserts that God's "name"—His very being, reputation, and authority—is not diminished by human failure or national catastrophe, but rather stands as an eternal testament to His unwavering power and faithfulness. This theological grounding provides immense hope: the God who acted so decisively and miraculously in the past will assuredly continue to act in the future, fulfilling His promises of restoration despite present judgment, because His character is immutable and His purposes are unthwartable.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Jeremiah's prayer in the face of overwhelming odds offers a profound and enduring model for contemporary believers. When we find ourselves in situations that seem utterly impossible, where hope is scarce, and circumstances are dire, this verse calls us to deliberately and intentionally recall God's historical faithfulness. The "signs and wonders" of the past are not mere historical facts to be cataloged but living testimonies to God's unchanging character and limitless power. Just as Jeremiah looked back to the Exodus to anchor his faith in God's promise of future restoration, we too are invited to remember God's past interventions—whether in the grand narrative of Scripture, in the history of the church, or in our own personal testimonies. This act of remembrance strengthens our trust that the God who "made a name" for Himself through mighty deeds long ago is still actively present "unto this day," fully capable of working wonders and fulfilling His purposes in our present reality. It encourages us to pray with boldness, believing that God's power is not diminished by our trials, but rather magnified in them.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What is the significance of "signs and wonders" in Jeremiah 32:20?
Answer: The "signs and wonders" (Hebrew: ʼôwth and môwphêth) in Jeremiah 32:20 refer primarily to the miraculous events God performed during the Exodus from Egypt, such as the ten plagues and the miraculous parting of the Red Sea. These were not random occurrences but deliberate, supernatural interventions designed to demonstrate God's absolute power and sovereignty over creation, over human rulers like Pharaoh, and over the false gods of Egypt. They served as undeniable evidence of His unique identity and His covenant faithfulness to Israel, establishing His enduring "name" or reputation. This phrase is a common biblical idiom for God's powerful, revelatory acts, seen also in passages like Deuteronomy 6:22.
Why does Jeremiah emphasize "unto this day" when speaking of God's past actions?
Answer: The phrase "unto this day" (Hebrew: yôwm) is crucial because it emphasizes the enduring impact and continuous relevance of God's historical deeds. It signifies that the memory, significance, and power of the Exodus events were not confined to the distant past but remained a living reality and a foundational truth for Israel, even centuries later. In Jeremiah's desperate time, it served as a powerful reminder that the God who acted so mightily in the past was still the same God—unchanging in character and power—actively present and capable of intervention in their current crisis. It links God's historical faithfulness to His present and future promises, providing a concrete basis for hope and trust, as seen in the broader context of God's promise of restoration in Jeremiah 32.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Jeremiah 32:20, with its profound emphasis on God's ancient "signs and wonders" establishing His "name," finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. The Exodus, with its mighty acts of deliverance from physical bondage, served as a powerful foreshadowing of the greater spiritual Exodus accomplished by Jesus. Just as God "set signs and wonders" in Egypt to liberate His people from slavery, so too did God, in Christ, perform the ultimate "signs and wonders"—His miraculous birth, His sinless life, His authoritative teachings, His atoning death on the cross, and His glorious resurrection—to deliver humanity from the far greater bondage of sin and death. The "name" God made for Himself through the Exodus was one of a powerful, covenant-keeping deliverer; this name is fully revealed, glorified, and made accessible in the "name above every name" given to Jesus (Philippians 2:9-11). Through Christ's finished work, God's character as the faithful, all-powerful Redeemer is not merely remembered "unto this day," but is eternally established and made accessible to "everyone who believes" (Romans 1:16). The new covenant in Christ, sealed by His precious blood, is the ultimate demonstration of God's enduring faithfulness, far surpassing the old (Hebrews 8:6), and His "name" is now synonymous with the saving grace and redemptive power manifested in the crucified and risen Lord, through whom all God's promises find their "Yes" and "Amen" (2 Corinthians 1:20).