Woe unto [them that are] mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink:
Woe {H1945} unto them that are mighty {H1368} to drink {H8354} wine {H3196}, and men {H582} of strength {H2428} to mingle {H4537} strong drink {H7941}:
Woe to those who are heroes at drinking wine, men whose power goes to mixing strong drinks,
Woe to those who are heroes in drinking wine and champions in mixing strong drink,
Woe unto them that are mighty to drink wine, and men of strength to mingle strong drink;
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Isaiah 5:11
Woe unto them that rise up early in the morning, [that] they may follow strong drink; that continue until night, [till] wine inflame them! -
Habakkuk 2:15
¶ Woe unto him that giveth his neighbour drink, that puttest thy bottle to [him], and makest [him] drunken also, that thou mayest look on their nakedness! -
Isaiah 28:7
But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink, they are swallowed up of wine, they are out of the way through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble [in] judgment. -
Proverbs 23:19
¶ Hear thou, my son, and be wise, and guide thine heart in the way. -
Proverbs 23:20
Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh: -
Isaiah 56:12
Come ye, [say they], I will fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to morrow shall be as this day, [and] much more abundant. -
Isaiah 28:1
¶ Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose glorious beauty [is] a fading flower, which [are] on the head of the fat valleys of them that are overcome with wine!
Isaiah 5:22 delivers a severe prophetic warning, part of a series of "woes" pronounced by the prophet Isaiah against the moral and spiritual decay of Judah. This particular declaration targets those who boast in their capacity for excessive drinking and the preparation of potent alcoholic beverages.
Context
Chapter 5 of Isaiah paints a grim picture of Judah's departure from God's ways, detailing various societal sins that invite divine judgment. The verses immediately preceding this one (Isaiah 5:11-12) decry those who rise early and stay late to pursue strong drink, ignoring the Lord's work. Verse 22 specifically condemns those who are "mighty" or "men of strength" in their drinking habits, implying a position of influence, wealth, or power that allows such indulgence, and perhaps even encourages it as a sign of status. This was not merely about moderate consumption, but about excessive revelry and the pride taken in intemperance among those in positions of authority.
Key Themes
Linguistic Insights
The phrase "strong drink" in the KJV translates the Hebrew word shekar, which generally refers to any intoxicating beverage other than grape wine, often more potent, possibly made from grains, dates, or honey. To "mingle strong drink" (Hebrew: masak) suggests the preparation of these drinks, perhaps by adding spices or other ingredients to increase their potency or flavor, making them even more intoxicating. The emphasis is on the deliberate creation and consumption of highly intoxicating beverages, not just casual drinking.
Practical Application
While specific cultural practices have changed, the principles embedded in Isaiah 5:22 remain highly relevant. The verse serves as a timeless warning against: