TRV
Study This Verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Isaiah 45:20–25. His four-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
What here is said is intended, as before,
I.For the conviction of idolators, to show them their folly in worshipping gods that cannot help them, and neglecting a God that can.
Let all that have escaped of the nations, not only the people of the Jews, but those of other nations that were by Cyrus released out of captivity in Babylon, let them come, and hear what is to be said against the worshipping of idols, that they may be cured of it as well as the Jews, that Babylon, which had of old been the womb of idolatry, might now become the grave of it. Let the refugees assemble themselves and come together; God has something to say to them for their own good, and it is this, that idolatry is a foolish sottish thing, upon two accounts: -
1.It is setting up a refuge of lies for themselves: They set up the wood of their graven image; for that is the substratum. Though they overlay it with gold, deck it with ornaments, and make a god of it, yet still it is but wood. They pray to a god that cannot save; for he cannot hear, he cannot help, he can do nothing. How do those disparage themselves who give honour to that as a god which cannot, as a god, give good to them! How do those deceive themselves who pray for relief to that which is in no capacity at all to relieve them! Certainly those have no knowledge, or are brutish in their knowledge, who take so much pains, and do so much penance, in seeking the favour of a god that has no power.
2.It is setting up a rival with God, the only living and true God (Isa 45:21): "Summon them all; tell them that the great cause shall again be tried, though once adjudged, between God and Baal. Bring them near, and let them take counsel together what to say in defence of themselves and their idols. It shall, as before, be put upon this issue: let them show when any of their gods did with any certainty foretel future events, as the God of Israel has done, and it shall be acknowledged that they have some colour for their pretensions. But None of them ever did; their prophets were lying prophets; but I the Lord have told it from that time, long before it came to pass; therefore you must own thee is no other God besides me." (1.) None besides is fit to rule. He is a just God, and rules in justice, and will execute justice for those that are oppressed. (2.) None besides is able to help. As he is a just God, so he is the Saviour, who can save without the assistance of any, but without whom none can save. Those therefore have no sense of truth and falsehood, good and evil, no, nor of their own interest, that set up any in competition with him.
II.For the comfort and encouragement of all God's faithful worshippers, whoever they are, Isa 45:22.
Those that worship idols pray to gods that cannot save; but the God of Israel says it to all the ends of the earth, to his people, though they are scattered into the utmost corners of the world and seem to be lost and forgotten in their dispersion, "Let them but look to me by faith and prayer, look above instruments and second causes, look off from all pretenders, and look up to me, and they shall be saved." It seems to refer further to the conversion of the Gentiles that live in the ends of the earth, the most distant nations, when the standard of the gospel is set up. To it shall the Gentiles seek. When Christ is lifted up from the earth, as the brazen serpent upon the pole, he shall draw the eyes of all men to him. They shall all be invited to look unto him, as the stung Israelites did to the brazen serpent; and so strong is the eye of faith that by divine grace it will reach the Saviour and fetch in salvation by him even from the ends of the earth; for he is God, and the is none else. Two things are here promised, for the abundant satisfaction of all that by faith look to the Saviour: -
1.That the glory of the God they serve shall be greatly advanced; and this will be good news to all the Lord's people, that, how much soever they and their names are depressed, God will be exalted, Isa 45:23. This is confirmed by an oath, that we might have strong consolation: I have sworn by myself (and God can swear by no greater, Heb 6:13); the word has gone out of my mouth, and shall neither be recalled nor return empty; it has gone forth in righteousness, for it is the most reasonable equitable thing in the world that he who made all should be Lord of all, that, since all beings are derived from him, they should all be devoted to him. He has said it, and it shall be made good, I will be exalted, Psa 46:10. He has assured us,
(1.)That he will be universally submitted to, that the kingdoms of the world shall become his kingdom. They shall do him homage - Unto me every knee shall bow; and they shall bind themselves by an oath of allegiance to him - Unto me every tongue shall swear. This is applied to the dominion of our Lord Jesus, Rom 14:10, Rom 14:11. We shall all stand before the judgment-seat of Christ and give account to him, for it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me and every tongue shall confess to God; and it seems to be referred to, Psa 2:9, Psa 2:10. If the heart be brought into obedience to Christ, and made willing in the day of his power, the knee will bow to him in humble adorations and addresses, and in cheerful obedience to his commands, submission to his disposals, and compliance with his will in both; and the tongue will swear to him, will lay a bond upon the soul to engage it for ever to him; for he that bears an honest mind never startles at assurances.
(2.)That he will be universally sought unto, and application shall be made to him from all parts of the world: Unto him shall men of distant countries come, to implore his favour. Unto thee shall all flesh come with their request, Psa 65:2. And, when Christ was lifted up from the earth, he drew all men to him.
(3.)That it will be to no purpose to make opposition to him. All that are incensed against him, that rage at his bonds and cords - the nations that are angry because he has taken to himself his great power and has reigned, that have been incensed at the strictness of his laws, the success of his gospel, and the spiritual nature of his kingdom - they shall be ashamed; some shall be brought to a penitential shame for it, others to a remediless ruin. One way or other, sooner or later, all that are uneasy at Christ's government and victories will be made ashamed of their folly and obstinacy. Blessed be God for the assurance here given us that, whatever becomes of us and our interests, the Lord will reign for ever!
2.That the welfare of the souls they are concerned for shall be effectually secured: Surely shall one say, and another shall learn by his example to say the same, so that all the seed of Israel, according to the Spirit, shall say, and stand to it,
(1.)That God has a sufficiency for them and that in Christ there is enough to supply all their needs: In the Lord is all righteousness and strength (so the margin reads it); he is himself righteous and strong. He can do every thing, and yet will do nothing but what is unquestionably just and equitable. He has also wherewithal to supply the needs of those that seek to him and depend upon him, upon the equity of his providence and the treasures of his grace; nay, we may say, not only "He has it," but, "In him we have it," because he has said that he will be to us a God. In the Lord the captive Jews had righteousness (that is, grace both to sanctify their afflictions to them and to qualify them for deliverance) and strength for their support and escape. In the Lord Jesus we have righteousness to recommend us to the good-will of God towards us, and strength to begin and carry on the good work of God in us. He is the fountain of both, and on him we must depend for both, must go forth in his strength, and make mention of his righteousness, Psa 71:16.
(2.)That they shall have an abundant bliss and satisfaction in this.
[1.]The people of the Jews shall in the Lord be justified before men and openly glory in their God. The oppressors reproached them, loaded them with calumny, and boasted even of a right to oppress them, as abandoned by their God; but, when God shall work out their deliverance, that shall be their justification from these hard censures, and therefore they shall glory in it.
[2.]All true Christians, that depend upon Christ for strength and righteousness, in him shall be justified and shall glory in that. Observe, First, All believers are the seed of Israel, an upright praying seed. Secondly, The great privilege they enjoy by Jesus Christ is that in him, and for his sake, they are justified before God, Christ being made of God to them righteousness. All that are justified will own it is in Christ that they are justified, nor could they be justified by any other; and those who are justified shall be glorified. And therefore, Thirdly, The great duty believers owe to Christ is to glory in him, and to make their boast of him. Therefore he is made all in all to us, that whose glories may glory in the Lord; and let us comply with this intention.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
One surviving comment on this verse from the historical church.
(Vers. 18 seqq.) Because this is what the Lord says, the one who created the heavens, the one who formed the earth and made it, the one who established it; he did not create it in vain, but formed it to be inhabited. I am the Lord, and there is no other. I did not speak in secret, in a dark place on the earth. I did not say to the offspring of Jacob, 'Seek me in vain.' I am the Lord, speaking truth, declaring what is right. Gather together and come, draw near, you who have been saved from the nations. They have no knowledge, those who carry about their wooden idols and pray to a god who cannot save. Announce, and come, and counsel together: Who has declared this from the beginning, and from then on predicted it? Is it not I, the Lord? There is no other God besides me, a righteous God and a Savior; there is none besides me. Turn to me and be saved, all the ends of the earth; for I am God, and there is no other. By myself I have sworn, from my mouth has gone forth in righteousness a word that shall not return: 'To me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear allegiance.' Therefore, in the Lord, it is said: My justice and power belong to me; they will come to him, and all who oppose him will be put to shame. In the Lord, all the descendants of Israel will be justified and praised. LXX: Thus says the Lord who made the heavens: this is the God who revealed the earth and made it, he prepared it: he did not make it empty, but formed it to be inhabited. I am the Lord, and there is no other. I have not spoken in secret, nor in a dark place on the earth. I have not spoken in secret, in a place of a land of darkness: I have not said to the seed of Jacob: Seek me in vain. I am the Lord that speak justice, that declare right things. Assemble yourselves, and come, and draw near together, ye that are saved of the Gentiles: they have no knowledge that set up the wood of their graven work, and pray to a god that cannot save. Tell ye, and come, and consult together: who hath declared this from the beginning, who hath foretold this from that time? Have not I the Lord, and there is no God else besides me? A just God and a saviour, there is none besides me. Turn to me and you will be saved from the ends of the earth. I am God, and there is no other. By myself I swear: righteousness will go out of my mouth, my words will not be turned away, for every knee will bow to me, and every tongue will swear and confess to God, saying: Righteousness and glory will come to him, and all who separate themselves from the Lord will be put to shame. Every descendant of Israel will be justified and glorified in God. He calls Egypt, and Ethiopia, and the Sabaeans with their exalted men, through whom the salvation of all barbarian nations and the conversion of the whole world to God is shown, God shows His justice; so that the Lord is not only of the Jews, but also of the Gentiles. For He is the maker of heaven and earth equally the God of all, and He created the earth for no other reason than that it should be the habitation of mankind who would worship and understand their Creator, and despise all idols. For on Mount Sinai, from its lofty summit, he spoke these words to the listening people: You shall have no other gods before me, nor shall you make for yourself an idol (Exod. XX, 3, 4). But it is better to believe this saying about the preaching of the Gospel: For Moses spoke to the people in the hidden solitude alone. But the sound of the Apostles went forth into the whole world, and their words reached to the ends of the earth (Psal. XVIII). I did not say, he said, that I am seeking the seed of Jacob in vain. For I have promised them the kingdom of heaven, and I spoke first to them: I have come only for the lost sheep of the house of Israel (Matth. XXV, 24). And for this reason I spoke of justice and proclaimed what is right, or the truth, so that, with the images of the Law and the ceremonies set aside, they would follow the truth of the Gospel. But because they did not want to believe and judged themselves unworthy of salvation, therefore I say to the Gentiles: Gather from all over the world; and come and join me, all of you who have been saved from the Gentiles. By which he shows that not all nations will believe immediately, but gradually and in part. Finally, he rebukes those who remained in their former error, saying: They did not know those who lift up the wood of their carved image, and they pray to a God who does not save. And the meaning is: They did not understand my words, burdened by the weight of their idols, and hoping in them, in which there is no salvation. Therefore, the Apostles are commanded to proclaim the truth opportune and importune (2 Timothy 4), and to devise a plan for the salvation of the nations. But, that is, in order that many might be saved, God spoke from the beginning that they should be gathered and come from the nations, and the mouths of all the prophets proclaimed those who spoke the word of the Lord, except for whom there is no other. For the Son is not without Him, but in Him is God. And elegantly He joins together: God is just, not of one nation alone, but of the whole world, to whom He speaks: Turn to me and you shall be saved, all the ends of the earth; this having been fulfilled which the Father promised to the Son: Ask of me, and I will give you the nations as your inheritance, and the ends of the earth as your possession (Psalm 2:8). And He swore by Himself, since His word and judgment are unchangeable, that the declaration which He uttered once concerning the salvation of the nations might not in any way be voided, but that His promise might be fulfilled by His work, saying above: Turn to Me, and you will be saved, all the ends of the earth. He also swore by the Apostle (Heb. 6) that through two unchangeable things, in which it is impossible for God to lie, we may have strong consolation; and He also swore that every knee should bow to Him, heavenly, earthly, and infernal, and every tongue should swear by Him among mortal men (Phil. 2). In which it is clearly stated that the Christian people are signified. It is the custom of the Church to bow the knee to Christ: which the Jews, demonstrating the pride of their minds, absolutely do not do. But also every tongue of all barbarian nations, not in synagogues but in the Churches of Christ, confesses God. Moreover, every tongue confessing Christ will speak in the Lord, and will say: 'Mine are righteousness and mine is dominion, not the people of the Jews.' To him all nations will come, and those who previously resisted his Gospel will be put to shame; and all the descendants of Israel will be justified and praised, whose preaching and most fruitful sowing has brought abundant fruit throughout the whole world. Whether according to the Seventy or in every language, swearing and confessing God, it will be said that the righteousness and glory of the whole world come to him, and the Jews who separate themselves from him will be confounded. But those who are descended from the children of Israel and have sprung from the seed of the Apostles, and have believed in Christ, may they have eternal righteousness and glory.
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Summary
Isaiah 45:24 stands as a profound declaration of God's exclusive sovereignty and the singular source of true righteousness and strength. It unequivocally proclaims that right standing before God and spiritual vitality are found solely in Yahweh, rendering human effort or reliance on other deities utterly futile. The verse also prophetically anticipates a future, universal acknowledgment of His supreme authority, where all who have defiantly opposed Him will ultimately be put to shame, underscoring the absolute futility of resistance against the Almighty and the certainty of His ultimate triumph.
Context
Literary Context
Isaiah 45 is nestled within the "Book of Comfort" (Isaiah 40-66), a section primarily designed to offer profound hope and assurance to the Israelite exiles in Babylon regarding their impending return and restoration. Chapters 40-48, in particular, meticulously develop the theme of God's unique sovereignty, His unparalleled ability to foretell and orchestrate history (evidenced by the remarkable naming of Cyrus in Isaiah 45:1), and His absolute incomparability when contrasted with the impotent idols of Babylon. Verse 24 functions as a climactic and definitive statement, following God's sweeping, global invitation in Isaiah 45:22, "Look unto me, and be ye saved, all the ends of the earth: for I am God, and there is none else." It masterfully encapsulates the appropriate response of faith to this divine call and the ultimate, contrasting outcomes for both those who embrace His truth and those who stubbornly resist, thereby solidifying the overarching theme of God's universal dominion and the indispensable necessity of turning to Him for salvation.
Historical & Cultural Context
The prophetic ministry of Isaiah spanned a turbulent period for ancient Israel, encompassing the looming threat of Assyrian invasion, the devastating Babylonian exile, and the subsequent promise of restoration. Isaiah 45 specifically addresses a post-exilic context, or at least a divinely revealed vision of it, where the Persian Empire under King Cyrus would serve as God's instrument to facilitate Israel's return to their homeland. In this ancient Near Eastern world, polytheism was pervasive, and nations routinely attributed their successes or failures to the power and favor of their respective deities. Against this deeply entrenched cultural backdrop, Isaiah forcefully and repeatedly asserts the radical monotheistic truth that Yahweh, the God of Israel, is the one true and living God—the sole Creator of all things and the sovereign orchestrator of all world events, including the rise and fall of mighty empires. The prevailing cultural practices of bowing to idols and seeking security and strength from human alliances or military might are directly and powerfully challenged by the unequivocal declaration that genuine righteousness and enduring strength are found exclusively in the LORD.
Key Themes
This verse serves as a powerful theological anchor, contributing significantly to several overarching themes woven throughout the book of Isaiah. Foremost is the theme of Divine Sovereignty and Uniqueness, emphatically declaring that Yahweh alone is God, utterly distinct and superior to all false gods and lifeless idols (Isaiah 44:6-8). It also profoundly highlights Righteousness as a Divine Gift, a concept that remarkably anticipates the New Testament understanding of justification by faith, where a right standing with God is imputed rather than achieved (Romans 3). The theme of Universal Salvation and Judgment is likewise prominent, as God extends His gracious invitation to "all the ends of the earth" while simultaneously promising inevitable shame and defeat for those who persistently oppose His will (Isaiah 45:22-23). Finally, the verse powerfully underscores the Futility of Opposition to God, demonstrating with absolute certainty that any resistance to His divine plan and purposes will ultimately culminate in humiliation, disgrace, and utter defeat.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This primitive root is used with remarkable latitude in Hebrew, encompassing a broad range of meanings from declaring, commanding, and promising to thinking and uttering speech. In the context of Isaiah 45:24, it signifies a definitive, personal, and public confession or declaration. It implies more than a mere thought; it is an expressed conviction, highlighting the volitional and public nature of acknowledging God as the exclusive source of righteousness and strength. This is a deliberate, articulate affirmation of faith.
Derived from the root meaning "to be right" or "just," this word denotes rightness in various applications: abstractly (rectitude), subjectively (moral uprightness), objectively (justice), morally (virtue), or figuratively (prosperity). Here, it primarily refers to a right standing before God, a state of being declared just or acquitted in His sight. Crucially, in Isaiah, this righteousness is consistently presented not as a human achievement earned through works, but as a divine gift graciously bestowed.
This primitive root literally means "to glow or grow warm," but figuratively, it describes a blazing up with intense anger, zeal, or jealousy. In this verse, it vividly portrays those who are fiercely antagonistic, burning with profound hostility, indignation, or resentment against God and His divine purposes. Their opposition is not passive or indifferent but active, passionate, and deeply rooted in a rebellious spirit.
Verse Breakdown
"Surely, shall [one] say, in the LORD have I righteousness and strength:"
This opening clause presents a confident, emphatic, and personal declaration. The "one" (implied by the singular verb) represents any individual who has come to this profound and transformative realization. The core of this confession is that both "righteousness" (a right standing with God, a state of being declared just and acquitted) and "strength" (power, might, spiritual vitality, and security) are found exclusively and entirely "in the LORD" (Yahweh). This negates any reliance on self-effort, human merit, or external powers, definitively pointing to God as the sole and ultimate source of spiritual well-being and moral rectitude.
"even to him shall [men] come;"
This phrase significantly expands the scope from the singular "one" to a universal "men," indicating a future, widespread turning to God. It signifies a global movement of people from all nations and walks of life, drawing near to Yahweh in humble submission, sincere worship, and complete reliance. This "coming" is a direct and necessary response to the truth declared in the first clause, acknowledging His unique authority, His incomparable provision, and His rightful claim to universal allegiance.
"and all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed."
This final clause presents a stark contrast and a solemn promise of divine judgment. Those who have harbored intense anger, deep hostility, or defiant opposition against God and His sovereign will are assuredly destined to experience profound shame, public humiliation, and ultimate defeat. Their persistent resistance will prove utterly futile, and their rebellious efforts against the Almighty will culminate in undeniable disgrace, thereby vindicating God's unwavering sovereignty, perfect justice, and ultimate triumph over all opposition.
Literary Devices
Isaiah 45:24 masterfully employs several powerful literary devices to convey its profound and multifaceted message. Emphasis is powerfully achieved through the opening adverb "Surely," which underscores the absolute certainty, solemnity, and unwavering truth of the declaration that follows. The verse also utilizes striking Contrast between two distinct groups: those who humbly find righteousness and strength in the LORD, and "all that are incensed against him." This sharp juxtaposition highlights the binary and inevitable outcome of humanity's response to God's sovereignty: either humble reliance leading to salvation and vindication, or defiant opposition leading to shame and defeat. Prophecy is inherently embedded in the future-oriented language, marked by phrases such as "shall [one] say," "shall [men] come," and "shall be ashamed," which collectively foretell a definitive time when God's universal dominion will be fully realized and universally acknowledged. Furthermore, the verse employs Metonymy, where "righteousness and strength" stand as representative terms for the entire spiritual, moral, and existential well-being that flows exclusively from God.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Isaiah 45:24 is a pivotal Old Testament text that profoundly anticipates and lays foundational groundwork for New Testament theology, particularly the doctrine of justification by faith. The declaration "in the LORD have I righteousness and strength" prefigures the glorious truth that humanity's right standing before a holy God is not earned through human merit or adherence to law, but is a gracious gift received solely through faith in Christ. This divine provision of righteousness stands in stark contrast to all human attempts at self-justification, aligning perfectly with the New Covenant's emphasis on God's unmerited grace. The universal "coming" to the Lord and the promised shame of His adversaries also powerfully foreshadow the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom and the final, decisive judgment, where every knee will bow and every tongue will confess His supreme Lordship.
Reflection and Application
Isaiah 45:24 offers timeless and profoundly relevant truths that resonate deeply with the human condition and provide essential spiritual guidance for believers today. In a world that relentlessly pressures us to find our worth, security, and power in ourselves, our fleeting achievements, or external circumstances, this verse serves as a powerful and unwavering anchor. It reminds us with divine clarity that true righteousness, enduring strength, and ultimate peace are found exclusively and eternally in the LORD. This truth calls us to humbly abandon self-reliance, to cease the futile striving for acceptance before God through our own efforts, and to embrace instead His gracious and complete provision. This means acknowledging our inherent spiritual bankruptcy apart from Him and placing our complete, unreserved trust in His perfect character, His unwavering faithfulness, and His redemptive work on our behalf. Furthermore, the promise of universal acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and the certain shame of His adversaries provides immense comfort and unshakeable confidence. It assures us that despite present injustices, widespread opposition, or the apparent triumph of evil, God's ultimate plan will prevail, His glory will be universally recognized, and all who stubbornly resist Him will ultimately be exposed, defeated, and brought to disgrace. This profound truth empowers us to live with courage, hope, and unwavering conviction, knowing that our ultimate vindication, our eternal hope, and our secure future rest entirely in the sovereign and loving hands of God.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Who is the "one" or "men" referred to in Isaiah 45:24, and does this apply to everyone?
The "one" (implied by the singular verb in the Hebrew) refers to any individual who comes to the profound realization and personal confession that true righteousness and enduring strength are found solely and exclusively in the LORD. The subsequent phrase, "even to him shall [men] come," significantly broadens this scope to a universal dimension, indicating that people from all nations, tribes, and backgrounds will eventually turn to God. While the immediate literary context of Isaiah often focuses on the covenant relationship with Israel, the expansive language of "all the ends of the earth" found in Isaiah 45:22 and the universal scope of this verse clearly extend God's redemptive invitation and judicial reach to all humanity. Therefore, it applies to everyone in the sense that God's gracious invitation to find righteousness and strength in Him is open to all, and ultimately, all will either willingly come to Him in faith and submission or be compelled to acknowledge His supreme Lordship, leading to either salvation or ultimate shame.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Isaiah 45:24 finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. The declaration "in the LORD have I righteousness and strength" resonates deeply with the New Testament revelation that Christ Himself is our righteousness. As 2 Corinthians 5:21 powerfully proclaims, "For he hath made him to be sin for us, who knew no sin; that we might be made the righteousness of God in him." Our right standing before a holy God is not achieved through human merit, religious performance, or adherence to the law, but is a divine gift freely imputed to us through faith in Christ's perfect life, atoning death, and victorious resurrection (Romans 3:21-22). Furthermore, the strength mentioned in the verse is perfectly embodied in Christ, who is revealed as the very power of God (1 Corinthians 1:24). He not only imputes righteousness but also empowers believers to live righteously, to overcome sin, and to triumph over the world's challenges (Philippians 4:13). The prophecy that "to him shall [men] come" is gloriously fulfilled in the global expansion of the Gospel, as people from every tribe, tongue, and nation are irresistibly drawn to Christ through the Holy Spirit (John 12:32). Finally, the solemn promise that "all that are incensed against him shall be ashamed" points to the ultimate triumph of Christ's eternal kingdom and His final, righteous judgment, where every knee will bow and every tongue will confess His Lordship, whether willingly in worship or in forced submission at the culmination of history (Philippians 2:10-11). Jesus is the incarnate LORD in whom all righteousness and strength perfectly reside, and to whom all humanity must ultimately come.