Genesis 33:13

KJV

And he said unto him, My lord knoweth that the children [are] tender, and the flocks and herds with young [are] with me: and if men should overdrive them one day, all the flock will die.

KJV (with Strong's)

And he said {H559} unto him, My lord {H113} knoweth {H3045} that the children {H3206} are tender {H7390}, and the flocks {H6629} and herds {H1241} with young {H5763} are with me: and if men should overdrive {H1849} them one {H259} day {H3117}, all the flock {H6629} will die {H4191}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Ya'akov said to him, "My lord knows that the children are small, and the sheep and cattle suckling their young concern me, because if they overdrive them even one day, all the flocks will die.

Berean Standard Bible

But Jacob replied, “My lord knows that the children are frail, and I must care for sheep and cattle that are nursing their young. If they are driven hard for even a day, all the animals will die.

American Standard Version

And he said unto him, My lord knoweth that the children are tender, and that the flocks and herds with me have their young: and if they overdrive them one day, all the flocks will die.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 33:13 presents Jacob's sagacious and compassionate response to Esau's offer of shared travel, revealing his profound commitment to the welfare of his vulnerable family and livestock. Jacob articulates the delicate condition of his young children and nursing animals, emphasizing the catastrophic risk of traveling at a rapid pace, thereby prioritizing their safety and well-being over social expediency or personal convenience. This verse underscores Jacob's responsible leadership and his deep understanding of the limitations of those under his care.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated at a pivotal moment in the narrative of Jacob and Esau's reconciliation. Following twenty years of separation and Jacob's intense fear of his brother's potential vengeance, the brothers' reunion in [Genesis 33:1-11](/genesis/33-1-11 "Jacob and Esau's Reconciliation") is surprisingly tender and emotional. Esau, instead of hostility, greets Jacob with an embrace. After exchanging pleasantries and gifts, Esau proposes that they travel together back to Seir. Jacob's response in [Genesis 33:13](/genesis/33-13 "Jacob's Prudent Refusal") is a careful and diplomatic refusal, setting the stage for their eventual geographical separation, with Jacob heading to Succoth and Esau returning to Seir. This passage highlights Jacob's continued prudence and strategic thinking, even in moments of reconciliation.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the ancient Near East, nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples like Jacob's household relied heavily on their livestock for sustenance, wealth, and mobility. Traveling with large flocks, especially those with young, was a slow and arduous process. Young children and nursing animals were particularly vulnerable to the rigors of travel, including fatigue, injury, and disease, which could be exacerbated by forced marches. The patriarchal society placed a high value on the protection and propagation of one's lineage and possessions. Jacob's concern for his "tender" children and "flocks and herds with young" reflects the very real challenges and responsibilities of a tribal leader in that era, where the loss of livestock could mean economic ruin and the loss of children, a profound personal and communal tragedy.

* **Key Themes:** Genesis 33:13 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within the book of Genesis and the broader biblical narrative. It reinforces the theme of **divine providence and protection**, as Jacob, having wrestled with God and man ([Genesis 32:22-32](/genesis/32-22-32 "Jacob Wrestles with God")), now demonstrates practical wisdom in safeguarding his family, a testament to God's continued care for His covenant people. The verse also highlights the theme of **responsible leadership and stewardship**, showcasing Jacob's devotion to those entrusted to his care, contrasting with potential self-interest. Furthermore, it subtly underscores the theme of **reconciliation and boundaries**, as Jacob, while accepting Esau's goodwill, wisely establishes a practical boundary that preserves the well-being of his dependents, allowing for a peaceful, albeit separate, future for the brothers, as implied by their eventual divergence in [Genesis 36:6-8](/genesis/36-6-8 "Esau's Departure from Jacob").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **tender (Hebrew, _rak'_):** This word describes something soft, delicate, or weak. In the context of "children," it emphasizes their physical fragility, susceptibility to hardship, and inability to endure strenuous travel. It conveys their need for gentle care and protection, highlighting Jacob's paternal concern.
* **overdrive (Hebrew, _dâphaq'_):** A primitive root meaning "to knock" or, by analogy, "to press severely." Here, it vividly portrays the act of forcing animals beyond their natural capacity or endurance. It implies a harsh, relentless pace that would inflict undue stress and harm, leading to severe consequences for the vulnerable flock.
* **die (Hebrew, _mûwth'_):** A primitive root meaning "to die" (literally or figuratively), or causatively, "to kill." In this verse, it represents the ultimate, catastrophic consequence of overdriving the flock. It is a stark and absolute term, underscoring the irreversible nature of the potential loss and emphasizing the gravity of Jacob's concern for his animals' lives.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And he said unto him,"**: This simple introductory phrase sets the stage for Jacob's diplomatic and carefully considered response to Esau's invitation. It signals a shift from Esau's offer to Jacob's counter-proposal, demonstrating Jacob's agency and thoughtful communication.
* **"My lord knoweth that the children [are] tender,"**: Jacob begins by acknowledging Esau's understanding and status ("My lord knoweth"), a respectful and deferential opening that softens his subsequent refusal. He then immediately states the primary reason for his inability to keep pace: the delicate nature of his young children, who cannot endure a rapid or strenuous journey. This highlights Jacob's prioritization of his family's well-being.
* **"and the flocks and herds with young [are] with me:"**: Jacob further elaborates on the vulnerability of his traveling party, including the nursing livestock. This refers to ewes, cows, and other animals that have recently given birth and are still suckling their young. Both the mothers and their offspring are particularly fragile and susceptible to stress, fatigue, and illness if pushed too hard, making a fast journey impractical and dangerous.
* **"and if men should overdrive them one day,"**: This clause presents a hypothetical but dire scenario. Jacob explains that even a single day of forced, rapid travel—being "overdriven" or pushed beyond their limits—would have devastating consequences. This demonstrates Jacob's foresight and his understanding of the delicate balance required in managing a large, vulnerable caravan.
* **"all the flock will die."**: This stark and absolute statement reveals the extreme risk involved. Jacob is not merely concerned about discomfort or minor loss but about the total annihilation of his livestock. This emphasizes the gravity of his situation and the profound responsibility he feels for the lives of his animals, which are both his wealth and a vital part of his household's survival.

#### Literary Devices
Jacob's response in Genesis 33:13 employs several effective literary devices. The most prominent is **Hyperbole**, seen in the phrase "all the flock will die." While overdriving could certainly lead to significant losses, the absolute statement "all" serves to dramatically emphasize the severity of the potential outcome and the extreme risk Jacob perceives. This rhetorical exaggeration underscores his deep concern and the non-negotiable nature of his priorities. Additionally, there is an element of **Foreshadowing** of potential disaster if prudence is not exercised, creating a sense of urgency and validating Jacob's cautious approach. The entire verse also functions as a form of **Diplomacy**, where Jacob respectfully but firmly states his limitations, acknowledging Esau's position ("My lord knoweth") while clearly articulating his own constraints, a masterful use of language to navigate a sensitive social situation without causing offense.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Jacob's prudent and compassionate response in Genesis 33:13 offers profound theological insights into responsible leadership and the divine value of vulnerable life. His prioritization of the "tender" children and "flocks and herds with young" over personal convenience or social pressure reflects a divinely inspired wisdom that aligns with God's own character. This passage underscores the biblical mandate for stewardship, not only of human life but also of creation, demonstrating that true leadership involves discerning the limitations of those under one's care and acting with foresight to protect them from harm. It portrays a leader who understands that rushing can lead to catastrophic loss, emphasizing patience and a deep commitment to the well-being of the led.

* [Psalm 23:1](/psalm/23-1 "The Lord is my Shepherd")
* [Proverbs 12:10](/proverbs/12-10 "A righteous man cares for the needs of his animals")
* [James 1:27](/james/1-27 "Pure and undefiled religion")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Genesis 33:13 provides timeless principles for our contemporary lives, urging us to cultivate a spirit of responsible stewardship and compassionate leadership. Like Jacob, we are called to be acutely aware of the limitations and vulnerabilities of those entrusted to our care—whether our children, elderly parents, employees, or even the natural resources God has placed under our dominion. This verse challenges us to resist the societal pressure to always move faster, to prioritize efficiency over well-being, or to compromise safety for convenience. True wisdom often lies in slowing down, assessing the capacity of the weakest among us, and making decisions that protect and preserve, even if it means foregoing immediate opportunities or social expectations. It reminds us that neglecting the "tender" aspects of our lives, or "overdriving" ourselves or others, can lead to irreparable harm. Ultimately, Jacob’s example encourages us to lead with empathy, patience, and a deep commitment to the flourishing of all life under our influence, reflecting the heart of God for His creation.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life might you be "overdriving" yourself or others, leading to potential harm or burnout?**
* **How can you cultivate a greater awareness of the "tender" and vulnerable aspects of your life, family, or community, and prioritize their well-being?**
* **What boundaries do you need to establish, respectfully but firmly, to protect what is valuable and vulnerable under your care?**
* **How does Jacob's concern for his animals inform your understanding of humanity's role as stewards of creation?**

### FAQ
**Why did Jacob not simply accept Esau's offer to travel together?**

Answer: Jacob's refusal was not born of distrust or lingering fear, but of profound practical wisdom and responsible leadership. He recognized that his "tender" children (H3206, _yeled_) and nursing livestock (H5763, _ʻûwl_) could not keep pace with Esau's experienced men without severe risk to their health and even their lives. His statement that "if men should overdrive (H1849, _dâphaq_) them one day, all the flock will die (H4191, _mûwth_)" underscores the absolute necessity of a slower pace. His priority was the well-being of his vulnerable dependents, demonstrating a commitment to stewardship over social convenience or perceived obligation. This decision allowed for a peaceful separation, preventing potential conflict or hardship that a forced march might have caused, as they eventually parted ways, with Jacob settling in Succoth and Esau returning to Seir ([Genesis 33:17-18](/genesis/33-17-18 "Jacob settles in Succoth and Shechem")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Jacob's tender care for the "tender" children and vulnerable flocks in [Genesis 33:13](/genesis/33-13 "Jacob's care for the weak") beautifully foreshadows the compassionate heart of Christ, the ultimate Good Shepherd. Just as Jacob prioritized the weak and slow, Jesus consistently demonstrates profound care for the vulnerable, the weary, and the burdened, inviting them to find rest in Him, declaring, "Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest" ([Matthew 11:28-30](/matthew/11-28-30 "Jesus' invitation to the weary")). He does not "overdrive" His flock but leads them gently by still waters and restores their souls ([Psalm 23:2-3](/psalm/23-2-3 "He leads me beside still waters")). Christ, as the embodiment of divine wisdom and love, lays down His life for His sheep, ensuring their ultimate protection and salvation ([John 10:11](/john/10-11 "The Good Shepherd lays down his life for the sheep")). His concern for His "little ones" is absolute, for it is not the will of the Father that one of them should perish ([Matthew 18:14](/matthew/18-14 "It is not the will of your Father who is in heaven that one of these little ones should perish")). Jacob's prudence prefigures the perfect, self-sacrificial care of the Savior, who understands our limitations and shepherds us with infinite patience and grace.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Isaiah 40:11

He shall feed his flock like a shepherd: he shall gather the lambs with his arm, and carry [them] in his bosom, [and] shall gently lead those that are with young.

Ezekiel 34:15

I will feed my flock, and I will cause them to lie down, saith the Lord GOD.

Ezekiel 34:16

I will seek that which was lost, and bring again that which was driven away, and will bind up [that which was] broken, and will strengthen that which was sick: but I will destroy the fat and the strong; I will feed them with judgment.

John 21:15

¶ So when they had dined, Jesus saith to Simon Peter, Simon, [son] of Jonas, lovest thou me more than these? He saith unto him, Yea, Lord; thou knowest that I love thee. He saith unto him, Feed my lambs.

John 21:17

He saith unto him the third time, Simon, [son] of Jonas, lovest thou me? Peter was grieved because he said unto him the third time, Lovest thou me? And he said unto him, Lord, thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee. Jesus saith unto him, Feed my sheep.

Proverbs 12:10

¶ A righteous [man] regardeth the life of his beast: but the tender mercies of the wicked [are] cruel.

Ezekiel 34:23

And I will set up one shepherd over them, and he shall feed them, [even] my servant David; he shall feed them, and he shall be their shepherd.