Genesis 27:1

KJV

¶ And it came to pass, that when Isaac was old, and his eyes were dim, so that he could not see, he called Esau his eldest son, and said unto him, My son: and he said unto him, Behold, [here am] I.

KJV (with Strong's)

And it came to pass {H1961}, that when Isaac {H3327} was old {H2204}, and his eyes {H5869} were dim {H3543}, so that he could not see {H7200}, he called {H7121} Esau {H6215} his eldest {H1419} son {H1121}, and said {H559} unto him, My son {H1121}: and he said {H559} unto him, Behold, here am I.

Complete Jewish Bible

In the course of time, after Yitz'chak had grown old and his eyes dim, so that he couldn't see, he called 'Esav his older son and said to him, "My son?" and he answered, "Here I am."

Berean Standard Bible

When Isaac was old and his eyes were so weak that he could no longer see, he called his older son Esau and said to him, “My son.” “Here I am,” Esau replied.

American Standard Version

And it came to pass, that when Isaac was old, and his eyes were dim, so that he could not see, he called Esau his elder son, and said unto him, My son: and he said unto him, Here am I.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Genesis 27:1 introduces the aging patriarch Isaac, whose advanced age and severely impaired vision set the immediate stage for the pivotal narrative of the patriarchal blessing. This verse initiates a complex drama where human intention, physical vulnerability, and divine purpose converge, leading to a significant deception concerning the transfer of the Abrahamic covenantal promises and the future destiny of the chosen lineage.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Genesis 27:1 immediately follows the account of Esau's marriage to Hittite women, which was a source of "bitterness of spirit to Isaac and Rebekah" ([Genesis 26:34-35](/genesis/26-34-35 "Esau's Hittite Wives")). This detail subtly highlights Esau's disregard for his parents' preferences and potentially for the covenantal heritage, contrasting with Isaac's continued intention to bless him as the firstborn. The verse also sets up the dramatic conflict of Genesis 27, where Rebekah and Jacob conspire to secure the blessing for Jacob, fulfilling the divine prophecy given in [Genesis 25:23](/genesis/25-23 "Prophecy concerning Jacob and Esau"). Isaac's physical state is the critical plot device that enables the deception, making this verse the narrative hinge for the entire chapter.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the ancient Near East, the deathbed blessing of a patriarch was an event of immense spiritual, social, and legal significance. It was not merely a sentimental farewell but a binding pronouncement believed to convey divine favor, establish inheritance rights, and determine the future destiny of the recipient's lineage. The principle of **primogeniture**, where the eldest son received a double portion of the inheritance and the primary blessing, was a deeply ingrained cultural norm. Isaac's actions in this verse reflect his adherence to this tradition, intending to pass on the covenantal promises to Esau, his firstborn, despite Esau having previously "despised his birthright" ([Genesis 25:34](/genesis/25-34 "Esau sells his birthright")) by selling it for a meal.
* **Key Themes:** This verse introduces or reinforces several key themes in Genesis. Firstly, **Divine Sovereignty vs. Human Intentions** is paramount, as Isaac's plan to bless Esau stands in tension with God's earlier declaration that "[the elder shall serve the younger](/genesis/25-23 "Prophecy concerning Jacob and Esau")." Secondly, the **Significance of the Patriarchal Blessing** is underscored, highlighting its perceived power to shape destiny and transfer the covenantal heritage originating from [God's promises to Abraham](/genesis/12-2 "God's promises to Abraham"). Thirdly, the theme of **Deception and its Consequences** is set in motion, as Isaac's physical vulnerability becomes the catalyst for the elaborate ruse that follows. Finally, **Family Dynamics and Favoritism** are implicitly present, with Isaac's preference for Esau (due to his love for wild game, [Genesis 25:28](/genesis/25-28 "Isaac and Rebekah's favoritism")) driving his actions, setting the stage for the family conflict.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Genesis 27:1 meticulously establishes the circumstances that pave the way for the ensuing deception. The verse's opening phrase, "And it came to pass," signals a significant transition in the narrative, drawing attention to the momentous events that are about to unfold. The description of Isaac's physical state is not incidental but foundational to the plot.

#### Key Word Analysis
* **old (Hebrew, _zâqên'_):** From H2204, meaning "to be old; aged man, be (wax) old (man)." This word emphasizes Isaac's advanced age, which in ancient cultures often signaled wisdom and authority, but here also indicates physical decline. His perception of imminent death, though he would live many more years, prompts his desire to bestow the blessing, highlighting the cultural significance of a deathbed pronouncement.
* **dim (Hebrew, _kâhâh'_):** From H3543, meaning "to be weak, i.e. (figuratively) to despond... or (of light, the eye) to grow dull; darken, be dim, fail, faint, restrain, [idiom] utterly." This term describes a fading or impairment of vision, not necessarily complete blindness, but severe enough to prevent clear discernment. It is the crucial physical vulnerability that Jacob and Rebekah exploit, making Isaac's inability to "see" a central element of the narrative's unfolding.
* **called (Hebrew, _qârâʼ'_):** From H7121, meaning "to call out to (i.e. properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications); bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for, forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite, mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(-ation), pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say." Isaac's act of "calling" Esau is a deliberate, formal summons, indicating his intention to perform a significant act—the transfer of the patriarchal blessing. This act sets in motion the entire chain of events that follows.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"¶ And it came to pass, that when Isaac was old,"**: This opening phrase signals a new, significant development in the narrative. Isaac's advanced age is presented as the primary reason for his decision to prepare for the transfer of the blessing, reflecting the ancient practice of patriarchs bestowing their inheritance and spiritual legacy before their perceived death.
* **"and his eyes were dim, so that he could not see,"**: This clause provides the critical physical detail that underpins the entire deception. Isaac's impaired vision is explicitly stated as the reason he "could not see" clearly enough to distinguish between his sons, making him vulnerable to Jacob's impersonation. This physical limitation becomes a direct catalyst for the plot.
* **"he called Esau his eldest son, and said unto him, My son:"**: Isaac's intention is unequivocally stated: he summons Esau, his firstborn, to receive the blessing. This highlights Isaac's adherence to the custom of primogeniture and his personal preference, setting up the tension with God's earlier prophecy concerning the younger son. The address "My son" is a tender, intimate opening to a weighty conversation.
* **"and he said unto him, Behold, [here am] I."**: Esau's immediate and respectful response, "Behold, here am I" (Hebrew, _hineni_), signifies his readiness and attentiveness to his father's summons. It is a common biblical idiom expressing presence and willingness to obey, setting the stage for Isaac's instructions and Esau's anticipation of the blessing.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices. **Foreshadowing** is prominent, as Isaac's physical blindness subtly hints at his spiritual blindness or lack of discernment regarding God's will for the blessing, and the deception that is about to unfold. There is a strong element of **Irony** in Isaac, the patriarch, being unable to "see" the true nature of his sons or God's intended path, contrasting with the spiritual insight expected of a covenant bearer. Furthermore, Isaac's dim eyesight functions as a crucial **Plot Device**, directly enabling the deception that follows and driving the narrative forward. The detailed description of his physical state serves to justify the plausibility of Jacob's successful impersonation.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Genesis 27:1 introduces a profound theological tension between human will and divine sovereignty. Isaac, operating under the assumption of impending death and adhering to cultural norms of primogeniture, intends to bless Esau. However, this human plan stands in direct contrast to God's earlier, sovereign declaration to Rebekah that "the elder shall serve the younger" ([Genesis 25:23](/genesis/25-23 "Prophecy concerning Jacob and Esau")). This verse, therefore, sets the stage for a narrative that demonstrates how God's purposes are ultimately accomplished, even through human weakness, familial dysfunction, and acts of deception. It underscores the profound significance of the patriarchal blessing as a vehicle for the transmission of the Abrahamic covenantal promises, even when the human agents involved are flawed.

* [Genesis 25:23](/genesis/25-23 "Prophecy concerning Jacob and Esau") - God's prophecy to Rebekah regarding the two nations in her womb and the elder serving the younger.
* [Genesis 25:34](/genesis/25-34 "Esau sells his birthright") - Esau's casual disregard for his birthright, which foreshadows his unworthiness of the spiritual blessing.
* [Genesis 12:2-3](/genesis/12-2-3 "God's promises to Abraham") - The foundational promises to Abraham, which the patriarchal blessing in Genesis 27 seeks to transmit.

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Genesis 27:1 offers a poignant reflection on the realities of aging and physical vulnerability, demonstrating how these natural processes can intersect with weighty decisions and divine purposes. Isaac's dim eyesight serves as a powerful reminder that even those in positions of authority or spiritual leadership are subject to human limitations. The narrative challenges us to consider the legacy we are preparing to leave, urging us to align our intentions not merely with tradition or personal preference, but with God's revealed will. It also provides comfort, illustrating that God's sovereign plan is not derailed by human frailty, misjudgment, or even sin. Instead, He masterfully weaves through imperfect circumstances and flawed individuals to bring about His ultimate redemptive purposes. This truth encourages us to trust in God's overarching control, even when our own vision is dim or circumstances seem chaotic.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Isaac's physical vulnerability in this verse highlight the broader theme of human dependence on God, even in leadership?**
* **In what ways might our own "dim eyesight"—whether physical, spiritual, or intellectual—lead us to make decisions that are not fully aligned with God's will?**
* **What does this narrative teach us about God's ability to work through imperfect people and flawed situations to accomplish His sovereign purposes?**

### FAQ
**Why was Isaac's dim eyesight so crucial to the story?**

Answer: Isaac's impaired vision was absolutely crucial because it created the necessary condition for Jacob's deception. Unable to distinguish his sons by sight, Isaac relied on other senses (touch, smell, voice) which Jacob and Rebekah manipulated. This physical limitation directly enabled Jacob to impersonate Esau and receive the blessing intended for the firstborn, serving as the primary plot device for the entire chapter.

**What was the significance of a "patriarchal blessing" in ancient times?**

Answer: In ancient Near Eastern culture, a patriarchal blessing was far more than a mere wish or a sentimental farewell. It was a formal, binding pronouncement, believed to carry divine authority and to literally shape the recipient's future destiny. It transferred spiritual authority, material prosperity, and the future of the family's lineage, often connecting them to a covenantal heritage. For Isaac, this blessing was the means of transmitting the [promises given to Abraham](/genesis/12-2 "God's promises to Abraham") to the next generation.

**Did Isaac know about the prophecy that "the elder shall serve the younger"?**

Answer: While the prophecy that "[the elder shall serve the younger](/genesis/25-23 "Prophecy concerning Jacob and Esau")" was given directly to Rebekah by God, the biblical text does not explicitly state whether Rebekah fully informed Isaac, or if Isaac fully understood or accepted its implications over his traditional preference for Esau. His actions in [Genesis 27:1](/genesis/27-1 "Isaac's Dim Eyesight and Calling of Esau") and the subsequent events strongly suggest he was proceeding according to the custom of primogeniture, indicating either a lack of full knowledge, a disregard for the prophecy, or a struggle to reconcile divine revelation with his personal preference and cultural norms.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The narrative initiated in [Genesis 27:1](/genesis/27-1 "Isaac's Dim Eyesight and Calling of Esau"), marked by human frailty and deception, ultimately serves as a profound foreshadowing of God's sovereign plan of salvation centered in Christ. Just as Jacob, the younger and seemingly less deserving, received the blessing intended for the elder, so too does God's kingdom operate on principles of divine election and grace, often subverting human expectations and worldly systems. Christ, though "despised and rejected by men" ([Isaiah 53:3](/isaiah/53-3 "The Suffering Servant")), is the true and ultimate heir of all blessings, the "seed" of Abraham through whom all nations are blessed ([Galatians 3:16](/galatians/3-16 "Christ, the Seed of Abraham")). He is the one who, by divine right and perfect obedience, inherits the spiritual birthright and bestows true, eternal blessing upon all who believe, not based on human merit or earthly lineage, but on God's sovereign grace and His redemptive work on the cross. The story of Jacob's undeserved blessing, brought about through human means, ultimately points to the greater truth that salvation and spiritual inheritance are gifts of God, freely given to those who are "children of God by faith in Christ Jesus" ([Galatians 3:26](/galatians/3-26 "Children of God by Faith")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Genesis 48:10

Now the eyes of Israel were dim for age, [so that] he could not see. And he brought them near unto him; and he kissed them, and embraced them.

1 Samuel 3:2

And it came to pass at that time, when Eli [was] laid down in his place, and his eyes began to wax dim, [that] he could not see;

Genesis 25:23

And the LORD said unto her, Two nations [are] in thy womb, and two manner of people shall be separated from thy bowels; and [the one] people shall be stronger than [the other] people; and the elder shall serve the younger.

Genesis 25:25

And the first came out red, all over like an hairy garment; and they called his name Esau.

John 9:3

Jesus answered, Neither hath this man sinned, nor his parents: but that the works of God should be made manifest in him.

Ecclesiastes 12:3

In the day when the keepers of the house shall tremble, and the strong men shall bow themselves, and the grinders cease because they are few, and those that look out of the windows be darkened,