Ezekiel 46:12

KJV

Now when the prince shall prepare a voluntary burnt offering or peace offerings voluntarily unto the LORD, [one] shall then open him the gate that looketh toward the east, and he shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, as he did on the sabbath day: then he shall go forth; and after his going forth [one] shall shut the gate.

KJV (with Strong's)

Now when the prince {H5387} shall prepare {H6213} a voluntary {H5071} burnt offering {H5930} or peace offerings {H8002} voluntarily {H5071} unto the LORD {H3068}, one shall then open {H6605} him the gate {H8179} that looketh {H6437} toward the east {H6921}, and he shall prepare {H6213} his burnt offering {H5930} and his peace offerings {H8002}, as he did {H6213} on the sabbath {H7676} day {H3117}: then he shall go forth {H3318}; and after {H310} his going forth {H3318} one shall shut {H5462} the gate {H8179}.

Complete Jewish Bible

"'When the prince provides a voluntary offering, whether it is a burnt offering or peace offerings that he offers voluntarily to ADONAI, someone is to open the east gate for him; and he is to provide his burnt offering and peace offerings as he does on Shabbat. Then he will leave; and after he leaves, the gate is to be shut.

Berean Standard Bible

When the prince makes a freewill offering to the LORD, whether a burnt offering or a peace offering, the gate facing east must be opened for him. He is to offer his burnt offering or peace offering just as he does on the Sabbath day. Then he shall go out, and the gate must be closed after he goes out.

American Standard Version

And when the prince shall prepare a freewill-offering, a burnt-offering or peace-offerings as a freewill-offering unto Jehovah, one shall open for him the gate that looketh toward the east; and he shall prepare his burnt-offering and his peace-offerings, as he doth on the sabbath day: then he shall go forth; and after his going forth one shall shut the gate.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Ezekiel 46:12 details the specific protocol for the prince in Ezekiel's visionary temple when offering voluntary burnt offerings or peace offerings to the LORD. It outlines the precise opening and closing of the East Gate, emphasizing the sacredness and regulated nature of worship, even for freewill offerings, and highlighting the prince's unique role in leading the community in devotion, mirroring the established practices of the Sabbath.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is embedded within Ezekiel's elaborate vision of a new temple and its associated cultic regulations, spanning from [Ezekiel 40](/ezekiel/40 "Ezekiel 40 - The Vision of the New Temple") through [Ezekiel 48](/ezekiel/48 "Ezekiel 48 - The Division of the Land"). Given to the prophet during the Babylonian exile, this vision served as a divine blueprint for future worship and a promise of restoration for the exiled people. Chapters [Ezekiel 45](/ezekiel/45 "Ezekiel 45 - Ordinances for the Prince and Priests") and [Ezekiel 46](/ezekiel/46 "Ezekiel 46 - Ordinances for the Prince's Offerings") specifically delineate the roles of the prince and the priests, as well as the sacrificial system within this idealized temple. The immediate context of [Ezekiel 46](/ezekiel/46 "Ezekiel 46 - Ordinances for the Prince's Offerings") focuses on the prince's offerings, distinguishing between required sacrifices (like those on the Sabbath and New Moon) and the voluntary offerings described in this verse. The mention of the East Gate is particularly crucial, as [Ezekiel 44:1-2](/ezekiel/44-1 "Ezekiel 44:1-2 - The Shut East Gate") explicitly states that this gate was to remain shut because the glory of the LORD had entered through it, making its temporary opening for the prince's voluntary offerings a significant exception.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Ezekiel prophesied during a period of profound national crisis for Israel—the Babylonian exile (597-538 BC). The destruction of the First Temple in Jerusalem (586 BC) left the people without their central place of worship, leading to spiritual despair and questions about God's presence and covenant faithfulness. In this context, Ezekiel's detailed temple vision provided a powerful message of hope, assurance, and future restoration. It offered a glimpse into an ideal, purified worship system, emphasizing order, holiness, and the continued presence of God among His people. The concept of "voluntary" offerings (Hebrew: *nedabah*) was well-established in Israelite worship, signifying gifts given out of a willing heart and devotion, beyond the required sacrifices. This practice underscored the personal commitment and gratitude of the worshiper, a cultural norm that extended from the wilderness tabernacle to the First Temple.
* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes to several overarching themes within Ezekiel's vision. Firstly, it highlights the theme of **Order and Reverence in Worship**. Even for voluntary offerings, strict protocols are maintained regarding the prince's actions and the use of the sacred East Gate, underscoring the meticulously regulated and holy nature of worship in this visionary temple. Secondly, it illuminates **The Prince's Unique Role** as a leader in devotion. Distinct from the high priest, the prince holds an administrative and leadership position, offering sacrifices on behalf of himself and the people. His actions, particularly his voluntary offerings, serve as an example of sincere devotion, demonstrating that leadership involves spiritual commitment. Thirdly, the emphasis on "voluntary burnt offering" and "peace offerings voluntarily" underscores the importance of **Freewill Devotion to the LORD**. This goes beyond mere obligation, expressing a personal desire to honor God and foster communion with Him, a principle echoed throughout the Mosaic Law regarding *nedabah* offerings. Finally, the specific regulations concerning the East Gate reinforce the **Sanctity of Sacred Space**. The gate, through which God's glory entered ([Ezekiel 43:4](/ezekiel/43-4 "Ezekiel 43:4 - The Glory of the Lord Enters the Temple")), retains a special, guarded status, opened only for specific, holy purposes by the prince, thereby reinforcing the profound holiness of God's presence within the temple complex.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Prince (Hebrew, _nâsîy'_):** From the root *nâsâʼ* (to lift up), this term (H5387) properly denotes "an exalted one," such as a king, chief, or ruler. In Ezekiel's vision, the *nâsîy'* is a prominent lay leader, distinct from the priestly lineage, who oversees the people's worship, provides offerings, and manages the temple's land. This figure is not a king in the traditional sense, but rather a spiritual and administrative leader within the restored community, symbolizing a purified and divinely ordered leadership.
* **Voluntary (Hebrew, _nᵉdâbâh_):** Derived from *nâdab* (to incite, to be willing), this word (H5071) signifies spontaneity, a freewill offering, or a generous contribution given out of devotion rather than compulsion or obligation. Its repetition in the verse ("voluntary burnt offering or peace offerings voluntarily") emphasizes the uncoerced nature of these sacrifices, highlighting a heart-driven desire to honor God. This contrasts with the mandatory offerings specified elsewhere in the temple regulations.
* **Gate (Hebrew, _shaʻar_):** This term (H8179) refers to an opening, specifically a door or gate, often associated with a city or a sacred precinct. In Ezekiel's temple vision, the "East Gate" holds immense symbolic significance, as it was the entry point for the glory of the LORD ([Ezekiel 43:4](/ezekiel/43-4 "Ezekiel 43:4 - The Glory of the Lord Enters the Temple")) and was subsequently shut ([Ezekiel 44:1-2](/ezekiel/44-1 "Ezekiel 44:1-2 - The Shut East Gate")) as a testament to God's abiding presence and the holiness of the sanctuary. Its controlled opening for the prince's voluntary offerings underscores the exceptional nature of this access and the sanctity of the space.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Now when the prince shall prepare a voluntary burnt offering or peace offerings voluntarily unto the LORD,"**: This opening clause establishes the specific context for the gate's opening: the prince's offering of freewill sacrifices. The repetition of "voluntarily" (from *nedabah*) stresses the uncompelled nature of these offerings, signifying a deep, personal devotion to the LORD. Unlike the required offerings for Sabbaths or New Moons, these are expressions of the prince's own initiative and generosity, setting an example for the community. The "burnt offering" (*'olah*) symbolizes complete dedication, as it was entirely consumed by fire, while "peace offerings" (*shelem*) were for fellowship and thanksgiving, often shared between God, the priests, and the offerer.
* **"one shall then open him the gate that looketh toward the east, and he shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, as he did on the sabbath day:"**: This clause details the precise ritual. The East Gate, normally shut because of the LORD's glory entering through it, is opened specifically for the prince for this sacred purpose. This controlled access highlights the gate's exceptional holiness and the prince's unique, privileged role. The phrase "as he did on the sabbath day" indicates that the manner of preparing the offerings (the ritual procedure) for these voluntary sacrifices is to be identical to the meticulous method used for the Sabbath offerings, emphasizing adherence to established, sacred protocols even for freewill acts of worship.
* **"then he shall go forth; and after his going forth one shall shut the gate."**: This final clause underscores the temporary and highly regulated nature of the access. Once the prince has completed his offerings and exited, the East Gate is immediately shut again. This strict closure reinforces the gate's sacredness and its status as a symbol of God's exclusive presence within the temple. It ensures that the sanctity of the space is maintained and that access is granted only for divinely ordained purposes, under specific conditions.

#### Literary Devices
Ezekiel 46:12 employs several literary devices to convey its profound theological message. **Repetition** is prominent, particularly with the word "voluntarily" (Hebrew: *nedabah*), which appears twice in the opening clause. This emphasis underscores the importance of freewill devotion and highlights that these offerings are not compulsory but stem from a willing heart. The repeated mention of "burnt offering" and "peace offerings" also reinforces the specific types of sacrifices being made. **Symbolism** is central, with the East Gate serving as a powerful symbol of God's presence and the holiness of the sanctuary. Its opening and immediate closing for the prince's specific ritual signifies controlled access to the divine and the sacredness of the temple space, which was previously marked by the entrance of God's glory. The **Prince** himself is a symbolic figure, representing ideal, divinely appointed leadership that models piety and adherence to sacred protocols. The precise, almost liturgical description of the actions (opening, preparing, going forth, shutting) also creates a sense of **Ritualistic Precision**, emphasizing the order, reverence, and meticulousness required in approaching God.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Ezekiel 46:12, while describing specific temple rituals, offers profound theological insights into the nature of worship, leadership, and God's holiness. It teaches that true worship, even when voluntary, must be offered with intentionality, reverence, and according to divine order. The prince's role exemplifies leadership that models devotion and adherence to sacred protocols, demonstrating that spiritual authority is intertwined with personal piety. The strict control over the East Gate underscores the unapproachable holiness of God and the sacredness of His presence, reminding us that access to the divine is a privilege, not a right, and is always on God's terms. This vision foreshadows a time of perfect worship and communion, where both spontaneous devotion and divine order coexist seamlessly.

* [Leviticus 1:3](/leviticus/1-3 "Leviticus 1:3 - The Burnt Offering")
* [Leviticus 7:16](/leviticus/7-16 "Leviticus 7:16 - Voluntary Peace Offerings")
* [Romans 12:1](/romans/12-1 "Romans 12:1 - A Living Sacrifice")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Ezekiel 46:12, though rooted in ancient temple rituals, offers timeless principles for contemporary believers. The emphasis on "voluntary" offerings challenges us to examine the motivation behind our acts of worship and service. Are we giving out of obligation, or from a heart overflowing with genuine love and gratitude for God? True devotion is not merely about fulfilling duties but about offering ourselves freely and joyfully to the LORD. Furthermore, the meticulous procedures surrounding the East Gate remind us of the profound holiness of God. We are called to approach Him with reverence, awe, and intentionality, recognizing that our access to His presence is a sacred privilege, made possible through Christ. Leaders, like the prince, are especially called to model sincere, unreserved devotion, inspiring others through their personal commitment to God. Our worship, whether corporate or individual, should reflect both heartfelt spontaneity and a deep respect for God's majestic order.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What does "voluntary" worship mean in your life, beyond mere obligation or duty?**
* **How does the strict protocol of the East Gate inform your understanding of God's holiness and the reverence due to Him?**
* **In what ways can you, as a follower of Christ, embody the spirit of the prince's leadership in devotion within your sphere of influence?**

### FAQ

**What is the significance of the East Gate in Ezekiel's vision?**

Answer: The East Gate is highly significant in Ezekiel's temple vision because it was the gateway through which the glory of the LORD entered the temple ([Ezekiel 43:4](/ezekiel/43-4 "Ezekiel 43:4 - The Glory of the Lord Enters the Temple")). Consequently, [Ezekiel 44:1-2](/ezekiel/44-1 "Ezekiel 44:1-2 - The East Gate Shut") states that this gate was to remain permanently shut as a testament to God's abiding presence and the sacredness of the sanctuary. Its temporary opening for the prince's specific voluntary offerings in [Ezekiel 46:12](/ezekiel/46-12 "Ezekiel 46:12 - The Prince's Voluntary Offerings") highlights the exceptional nature of this access and the profound holiness of the space, emphasizing that even the prince's privileged access is strictly regulated and temporary.

**How does the "prince" in Ezekiel's vision differ from a king or a high priest?**

Answer: The "prince" (*nâsîy'*) in Ezekiel's vision is a unique figure, distinct from both the pre-exilic kings and the high priests. Unlike the kings, the prince's authority is primarily administrative and cultic, focused on the temple and its offerings, rather than political rule over the nation. He is responsible for providing offerings for the people and for himself, but he does not perform the priestly functions of atonement or sacrifice directly—those are reserved for the priests (e.g., [Ezekiel 44:15-16](/ezekiel/44-15 "Ezekiel 44:15-16 - The Priests' Duties")). He also has specific land allocations and regulations (e.g., [Ezekiel 45:7-8](/ezekiel/45-7 "Ezekiel 45:7-8 - The Prince's Land Allocation")). This distinction emphasizes a purified leadership that avoids the abuses of power seen in earlier monarchies and maintains a clear separation between priestly and lay roles in the restored community.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Ezekiel 46:12, with its meticulous regulations for the prince's voluntary offerings and the controlled access to the sacred East Gate, finds its ultimate fulfillment and transformation in Jesus Christ. The "prince" in Ezekiel's vision, a lay leader who provides offerings and models devotion, points forward to Christ, who is not merely a prince but the King of Kings and Lord of Lords ([Revelation 19:16](/revelation/19-16 "Revelation 19:16 - King of Kings")). Yet, unlike the earthly prince who offers sacrifices, Jesus is both the perfect priest and the ultimate, once-for-all sacrifice ([Hebrews 9:11-14](/hebrews/9-11 "Hebrews 9:11-14 - Christ's Superior Sacrifice")). His offering was not merely "voluntary" but utterly perfect and complete, given out of infinite love and obedience to the Father's will ([John 10:17-18](/john/10-17 "John 10:17-18 - Jesus Lays Down His Life Voluntarily")). The East Gate, once shut and opened only under strict conditions, symbolizes the barrier between a holy God and sinful humanity. In Christ, this barrier is forever removed. Through His death and resurrection, Jesus, our great High Priest, has opened a new and living way into the very presence of God ([Hebrews 10:19-20](/hebrews/10-19 "Hebrews 10:19-20 - Access Through Christ's Blood")), granting us permanent, unhindered access that was impossible under the Old Covenant. Thus, the shadow of the prince's limited access gives way to the glorious reality of Christ, who is our direct and eternal access to the Father, enabling us to offer spiritual sacrifices of praise and thanksgiving, not through ritual gates, but through Him ([1 Peter 2:5](/1_peter/2-5 "1 Peter 2:5 - Spiritual Sacrifices")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Ezekiel 45:17

And it shall be the prince's part [to give] burnt offerings, and meat offerings, and drink offerings, in the feasts, and in the new moons, and in the sabbaths, in all solemnities of the house of Israel: he shall prepare the sin offering, and the meat offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to make reconciliation for the house of Israel.

Ezekiel 46:1

¶ Thus saith the Lord GOD; The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened.

Ezekiel 46:2

And the prince shall enter by the way of the porch of [that] gate without, and shall stand by the post of the gate, and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate: then he shall go forth; but the gate shall not be shut until the evening.

2 Chronicles 29:31

Then Hezekiah answered and said, Now ye have consecrated yourselves unto the LORD, come near and bring sacrifices and thank offerings into the house of the LORD. And the congregation brought in sacrifices and thank offerings; and as many as were of a free heart burnt offerings.

Ezekiel 46:8

And when the prince shall enter, he shall go in by the way of the porch of [that] gate, and he shall go forth by the way thereof.

Leviticus 23:38

Beside the sabbaths of the LORD, and beside your gifts, and beside all your vows, and beside all your freewill offerings, which ye give unto the LORD.

Ezekiel 44:3

[It is] for the prince; the prince, he shall sit in it to eat bread before the LORD; he shall enter by the way of the porch of [that] gate, and shall go out by the way of the same.