Exodus 4:18

KJV

¶ And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father in law, and said unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren which [are] in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive. And Jethro said to Moses, Go in peace.

KJV (with Strong's)

And Moses {H4872} went {H3212} and returned {H7725} to Jethro {H3500} his father in law {H2859}, and said {H559} unto him, Let me go {H3212}, I pray thee, and return {H7725} unto my brethren {H251} which are in Egypt {H4714}, and see {H7200} whether they be yet {H5750} alive {H2416}. And Jethro {H3503} said {H559} to Moses {H4872}, Go {H3212} in peace {H7965}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Moshe left, returned to Yitro his father-in-law and said to him, "I beg you to let me go and return to my kinsmen in Egypt, to see if they are still alive." Yitro said to Moshe, "Go in peace."

Berean Standard Bible

Then Moses went back to his father-in-law Jethro and said to him, “Please let me return to my brothers in Egypt to see if they are still alive.” “Go in peace,” Jethro replied.

American Standard Version

And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father-in-law, and said unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren that are in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive. And Jethro said to Moses, Go in peace.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Moses records a pivotal moment where Moses, having received his divine commission at the burning bush, takes the first tangible step towards fulfilling God's redemptive plan for Israel. With respectful deference to his father-in-law, Jethro, Moses requests permission to return to Egypt, ostensibly to check on his family, a request Jethro grants with a profound blessing of peace, thereby setting the immediate stage for the Exodus narrative to unfold.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows the profound and transformative encounter between Moses and God at the burning bush, detailed in [Exodus 3](/exodus/3 "The Burning Bush and Moses' Call") and [Exodus 4:1-17](/exodus/4-1-17 "Moses' Objections and God's Assurances"). In this preceding narrative, God reveals His sacred name, YHWH, and commissions Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egyptian bondage. Moses, however, raises a series of objections regarding his inadequacy, the people's unbelief, and his lack of eloquent speech. God patiently addresses each concern, providing signs, assurances, and even appointing Aaron as Moses' spokesman. Therefore, [Exodus 4:18](/exodus/4-18 "Moses' Departure from Midian") marks a crucial transition from divine instruction and Moses' initial reluctance to his decisive action and obedience, signifying his acceptance of the formidable task ahead. It is the practical, human step taken after a profound spiritual encounter.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Moses had spent forty years in Midian, having fled Egypt after killing an Egyptian ([Exodus 2:11-15](/exodus/2-11-15 "Moses Kills an Egyptian")). During this time, he had integrated into Jethro's family, marrying his daughter Zipporah and becoming a shepherd. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, the father-in-law (or patriarch) held significant authority within the extended family unit. Seeking permission from Jethro was not merely a courtesy but a culturally expected act of respect and submission to the head of the household, especially when contemplating a significant journey or departure. Midian was located in the Arabian Peninsula, east of the Gulf of Aqaba, a region known for its nomadic and semi-nomadic peoples. Moses' return to Egypt, a powerful, centralized empire, would have been a significant and potentially dangerous undertaking, making Jethro's blessing all the more meaningful in that cultural milieu.

* **Key Themes:** [Exodus 4:18](/exodus/4-18 "Moses' Departure from Midian") contributes to several overarching themes in the book of Exodus and the broader Pentateuch. Firstly, it highlights the theme of **Divine Commission and Human Obedience**. Despite his earlier hesitations, Moses' action here demonstrates his growing obedience to God's call, a motif central to the narrative of Israel's liberation. Secondly, it underscores the theme of **Respect for Authority and Relationships**, as Moses honors his familial obligations to Jethro, even when under direct divine mandate. This illustrates that divine calling does not negate the importance of human prudence and social order. Thirdly, the verse subtly introduces the theme of **Divine Providence**, as Moses' seemingly mundane request for departure is part of God's larger, intricate plan for the [deliverance of His people](/exodus/12-31 "The Exodus from Egypt"). Finally, Jethro's blessing of "peace" (shalom) introduces a significant theological concept, foreshadowing the ultimate peace and well-being God desires for His people, a theme that resonates throughout the biblical narrative, from the covenant promises in [Genesis 15:18](/genesis/15-18 "God's Covenant with Abraham") to the prophetic visions of peace in [Isaiah 9:6-7](/isaiah/9-6-7 "The Prince of Peace").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **went (Hebrew, _yâlak'_):** From H3212, this primitive root means "to walk (literally or figuratively); causatively, to carry (in various senses)." In this context, it signifies Moses' physical departure and initiation of movement. It implies a deliberate action, a step taken in response to his divine commission, marking the beginning of his journey from Midian back to Egypt.
* **returned (Hebrew, _shûwb'_):** From H7725, this primitive root means "to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to retreat; often adverbial, again." Here, it indicates Moses' intention to go back to a place he had previously left, specifically to his "brethren" in Egypt, highlighting the reversal of his previous flight.
* **peace (Hebrew, _shâlôwm'_):** From H7965, this word means "safe, i.e. (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e. health, prosperity, peace." Jethro's use of "peace" is far more than a simple farewell. It is a comprehensive blessing for Moses' wholeness, well-being, safety, and success in his endeavors. It implies a state of harmony and completeness, reflecting a profound benediction for his journey.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And Moses went and returned to Jethro his father in law":** This opening clause establishes Moses' immediate and decisive action following his encounter with God. The repetition of "went and returned" emphasizes the deliberate nature of his movement. He doesn't immediately set off for Egypt but first returns to his home base and the one to whom he owes familial allegiance, demonstrating respect and prudence.
* **"and said unto him, Let me go, I pray thee, and return unto my brethren which [are] in Egypt, and see whether they be yet alive":** This section details Moses' request to Jethro. His deferential language, "I pray thee," underscores his respect for Jethro's patriarchal authority. The stated reason for his return—to check on his "brethren" and their well-being—is a natural and understandable human concern. While God's true purpose for Moses was the liberation of Israel, this explanation serves as a diplomatic and wise approach, allowing Moses to transition smoothly from his life as a shepherd in Midian to his divinely appointed mission without causing undue alarm or suspicion. It highlights Moses' practical wisdom in navigating human relationships even when under divine command.
* **"And Jethro said to Moses, Go in peace":** Jethro's concise response is a powerful benediction. "Go in peace" (Hebrew: _shalom_) is more than a mere permission; it is a comprehensive blessing for Moses' safety, success, and overall well-being on his journey. It signifies Jethro's acceptance, approval, and a profound wish for harmony and wholeness in Moses' future endeavors. This blessing from his respected father-in-law would have provided significant encouragement and validation for Moses as he embarked on a daunting and uncertain path.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several literary devices. **Narrative Progression** is evident as the text moves from Moses' spiritual encounter with God to his practical steps in preparation for the Exodus. The **Dialogue** between Moses and Jethro is concise yet highly significant, revealing Moses' respect and Jethro's blessing. There is a subtle use of **Irony** or **Dramatic Irony** in Moses' stated reason for going to Egypt ("to see whether they be yet alive"), as the reader knows the true, much grander purpose of his return is to deliver his people from slavery, not merely to check on their health. This also functions as a form of **Diplomacy** on Moses' part. Finally, Jethro's blessing, "Go in peace," carries deep **Symbolism**, as "peace" (_shalom_) in Hebrew encapsulates a holistic sense of well-being, wholeness, and divine favor, foreshadowing the ultimate peace and rest God intends for His people.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Moses' departure from Midian, marked by his respectful request and Jethro's blessing, serves as a powerful illustration of how divine calling intersects with human responsibility and wisdom. It demonstrates that obedience to God does not necessarily mean abandoning all human conventions or relationships. Rather, it often involves navigating them with prudence and respect. This moment highlights the importance of peaceful transitions and the power of a blessing, even from those outside the immediate covenant community, as God orchestrates circumstances for the fulfillment of His grand redemptive plan.

* [Genesis 24:56](/genesis/24-56 "Laban and Bethuel Bless Rebekah") - Rebekah's family blesses her departure with "Go in peace," signifying a similar cultural practice of blessing a significant journey.
* [1 Samuel 1:17](/1_samuel/1-17 "Elkanah's Blessing to Hannah") - Elkanah tells Hannah, "Go in peace," a blessing that precedes the fulfillment of her prayer for a child, connecting peace with divine favor.
* [Judges 18:6](/judges/18-6 "The Danites Seek Counsel") - The Danites are told by the Levite priest, "Go in peace," indicating a blessing for a journey and a wish for success in their endeavors.

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
[Exodus 4:18](/exodus/4-18 "Moses' Departure from Midian") offers profound lessons for believers navigating their own callings and transitions. Moses' example teaches us that even when we receive a clear divine mandate, it is wise and respectful to manage our earthly affairs responsibly and to honor those in authority over us, fostering good relationships rather than causing unnecessary disruption. His diplomatic approach to Jethro reminds us that prudence and wisdom are not antithetical to faith but can be instruments in God's hands. Every act of obedience, no matter how small or seemingly mundane, contributes to God's grand design. When we align our steps with God's will, even daunting paths can begin with a sense of peace and the blessing of those around us, much like Jethro's farewell to Moses. This verse encourages us to seek harmonious transitions in life, trusting that God will honor our respect for others as we pursue His purposes.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Moses' respectful approach to Jethro challenge my understanding of obedience to God versus human relationships?**
* **In what areas of my life am I being called to a new "return" or "going," and how can I navigate that transition with wisdom and respect for others?**
* **What does Jethro's blessing of "Go in peace" teach me about the nature of true peace and well-being in the context of a challenging journey?**

### FAQ
**Why did Moses ask Jethro for permission if God had already commanded him?**

Answer: Moses' request to Jethro demonstrates wisdom, respect, and prudence. While God's command was absolute, Moses still operated within the social and familial structures of his time. Seeking Jethro's permission honored his father-in-law's authority and ensured a peaceful, orderly departure, avoiding unnecessary conflict or suspicion. It shows that divine calling does not negate the importance of human relationships and responsibilities, but rather often calls us to integrate our faith with practical wisdom, as seen in Moses' respectful interaction with his father-in-law before embarking on his monumental mission to lead the [Israelites out of Egypt](/exodus/3-10 "God Commissions Moses").

**What is the significance of Jethro's blessing, "Go in peace"?**

Answer: Jethro's blessing, "Go in peace," translates from the Hebrew word _shalom_ (שָׁלוֹם), which is a comprehensive term meaning wholeness, well-being, prosperity, and harmony. It is far more than a simple farewell; it is a profound benediction for Moses' safety, success, and overall welfare on his journey. This blessing from a respected figure like Jethro would have provided spiritual encouragement and validation for Moses as he embarked on a daunting mission, signifying a harmonious departure and a wish for divine favor. The concept of _shalom_ is deeply embedded in biblical theology, representing the flourishing life God intends for His people, as seen in the promises of peace found throughout the [Old Testament](/psalms/29-11 "The Lord Blesses His People with Peace").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Moses' obedient departure from Midian, sanctioned by Jethro's blessing, profoundly foreshadows the ultimate mission of Jesus Christ. Just as Moses was called by God to leave a settled life and embark on a perilous journey to deliver His people from physical bondage, so too did Jesus Christ, the greater Moses, leave the glory of heaven to enter a fallen world, fulfilling His divine commission to redeem humanity. Moses' act of seeking permission and receiving a blessing for his journey prefigures Christ's perfect obedience to the Father's will, an obedience that led Him to the cross and ultimately secured the eternal deliverance and _shalom_ for all who believe. Christ's "going forth in peace" through His resurrection and ascension ([John 14:27](/john/14-27 "Jesus Gives His Disciples Peace")) signifies the completion of His redemptive work, not merely freeing a nation from physical slavery, but liberating all people from the spiritual bondage of sin and death, establishing a new covenant of peace with God ([Ephesians 2:14-16](/ephesians/2-14-16 "Christ Our Peace")). He is the true Lamb of God, whose sacrifice brings the ultimate peace that surpasses all understanding ([Philippians 4:7](/philippians/4-7 "The Peace of God")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 3:1

¶ Now Moses kept the flock of Jethro his father in law, the priest of Midian: and he led the flock to the backside of the desert, and came to the mountain of God, [even] to Horeb.

1 Timothy 6:1

¶ Let as many servants as are under the yoke count their own masters worthy of all honour, that the name of God and [his] doctrine be not blasphemed.

Genesis 45:3

And Joseph said unto his brethren, I [am] Joseph; doth my father yet live? And his brethren could not answer him; for they were troubled at his presence.

Acts 16:36

And the keeper of the prison told this saying to Paul, The magistrates have sent to let you go: now therefore depart, and go in peace.

1 Samuel 1:17

Then Eli answered and said, Go in peace: and the God of Israel grant [thee] thy petition that thou hast asked of him.

Luke 7:50

And he said to the woman, Thy faith hath saved thee; go in peace.

Acts 15:36

¶ And some days after Paul said unto Barnabas, Let us go again and visit our brethren in every city where we have preached the word of the Lord, [and see] how they do.