Deuteronomy 10:18

Deuteronomy 10:18 powerfully reveals the character of God as a righteous and compassionate judge who actively defends the most vulnerable in society: the fatherless, the widow, and the stranger. This verse underscores His unwavering commitment to justice and practical love.

Context

This verse is part of Moses' second discourse to the Israelites before they enter the Promised Land, found in Deuteronomy 10:12-22. Following a reminder of God's mighty acts and the renewal of the covenant, Moses calls the people to "fear the LORD thy God, to walk in all his ways, and to love him." Verse 18 then illustrates how God's character manifests, serving as a model for Israel's own behavior. It emphasizes that true worship and obedience involve reflecting God's heart for the marginalized.

Key Themes

• God's Impartial Justice and Care for the Vulnerable: The phrase "He doth execute the judgment" (מִשְׁפָּט, mishpat) signifies God's active role in upholding justice and righting wrongs, especially for those who lack power or protection. In ancient Near Eastern societies, the "fatherless" (orphans) and "widow" were often defenseless and easily exploited, making God their ultimate advocate.
• Divine Love and Hospitality: God's love extends beyond Israel to include the "stranger" (גֵּר, ger), the resident alien or sojourner. This is a profound statement of inclusion, contrasting with the often xenophobic tendencies of ancient cultures. God's love is demonstrated tangibly "in giving him food and raiment," highlighting practical compassion and the importance of hospitality.
• A Model for Israel's Conduct: By demonstrating His own character, God sets the standard for His people. Just as God cares for the marginalized, Israel is commanded to do the same, reflecting His holiness and covenant obligations.

Linguistic Insights

The Hebrew word for "judgment," mishpat (מִשְׁפָּט), is not merely about legal decree but encompasses the broader concept of justice, righteousness, and the vindication of the oppressed. When God "executes judgment" for the fatherless and widow, He actively intervenes to ensure their rights and well-being. The term "stranger," ger (גֵּר), refers to a non-Israelite who resided among the Israelites, often without land rights or family support, making them reliant on the community's good will. God's command to love and provide for them underscores His radical inclusivity and compassion.

Cross-References & Connections

This theme of divine justice and care for the vulnerable resonates throughout Scripture, emphasizing God's consistent character:

• Exodus 22:22-24 warns against afflicting the widow and fatherless, with severe consequences.
• Psalm 146:9 affirms that "The LORD preserveth the strangers; he relieveth the fatherless and widow."
• The New Testament echoes this call to practical compassion, emphasizing that "Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world."

Practical Application

Deuteronomy 10:18 serves as a timeless reminder of God's character and His expectation for His people. For believers today, it calls us to:

• Emulate God's Compassion: Actively seek out and support the vulnerable in our communities, whether they are orphans, widows, immigrants, or anyone lacking basic necessities.
• Advocate for Justice: Speak up against injustice and oppression, reflecting God's desire to "execute judgment" for those who cannot defend themselves.
• Practice Radical Hospitality: Extend practical love and welcome to strangers, recognizing their inherent dignity and need, just as God loves and provides for them. This verse encourages us to see the face of God in the marginalized and respond with tangible acts of kindness and provision.