2 Timothy 1:16

KJV

The Lord give mercy unto the house of Onesiphorus; for he oft refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain:

KJV (with Strong's)

The Lord {G2962} give {G1325} mercy {G1656} unto the house {G3624} of Onesiphorus {G3683}; for {G3754} he {G404} oft {G4178} refreshed {G404} me {G3165}, and {G2532} was {G1870} not {G3756} ashamed {G1870} of my {G3450} chain {G254}:

Complete Jewish Bible

May the Lord show mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, because he was often a comfort to me and was not ashamed of my being in prison.

Berean Standard Bible

May the Lord grant mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, because he has often refreshed me and was unashamed of my chains.

American Standard Version

The Lord grant mercy unto the house of Onesiphorus: for he oft refreshed me, and was not ashamed of my chain;

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Second Timothy 1:16 reveals the apostle Paul's profound gratitude and intercessory prayer for Onesiphorus and his household. This verse highlights Onesiphorus's exceptional loyalty and courage in providing comfort and refreshment to Paul during his imprisonment in Rome, demonstrating unwavering support when many others had abandoned him. It serves as a powerful testament to the vital role of steadfast fellowship and selfless service within the Christian community, even in the face of social stigma and personal danger.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within Paul's deeply personal and final letter to his spiritual son, Timothy. The opening chapter of [2 Timothy](/2_timothy/1 "2 Timothy 1 - Paul's Encouragement to Timothy") sets a tone of encouragement, exhortation, and a call to faithfulness in the face of suffering and apostasy. Paul has just reminded Timothy of his spiritual heritage and the gift of God's power, love, and self-control ([2 Timothy 1:6-7](/2_timothy/1-6-7 "2 Timothy 1:6-7 - God's Spirit of Power, Love, and Self-Control")). He then immediately exhorts Timothy not to be ashamed of the testimony of the Lord or of Paul, "His prisoner" ([2 Timothy 1:8](/2_timothy/1-8 "2 Timothy 1:8 - Do Not Be Ashamed")). This direct command to Timothy underscores the very quality Paul praises in Onesiphorus: a lack of shame concerning Paul's imprisonment. The mention of Onesiphorus here serves as a concrete example of the courageous loyalty Paul desires Timothy to emulate, contrasting sharply with those who have deserted Paul, as hinted at later in the letter ([2 Timothy 4:10](/2_timothy/4-10 "2 Timothy 4:10 - Demas Has Forsaken Me")).

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** When Paul penned [2 Timothy](/2_timothy "The Second Letter to Timothy"), he was likely enduring his second Roman imprisonment, a period far more severe and isolating than his first. Unlike his earlier house arrest, this imprisonment was probably in a cold, damp dungeon, with limited access to visitors and facing the imminent threat of execution. In the Roman Empire, being imprisoned, especially as a condemned criminal, carried immense social stigma. Association with such a person could endanger one's own reputation, freedom, or even life. Many would naturally avoid a prisoner, particularly one accused of crimes against the state. Onesiphorus's actions therefore stand out as extraordinarily brave and compassionate. He actively sought out Paul, not once but "oft," in the grim Roman prison system, defying social norms and personal risk to provide comfort and practical assistance. This act of hospitality and unwavering support was a profound demonstration of agape love in a perilous environment, reflecting the early church's commitment to caring for its persecuted members ([Hebrews 13:3](/hebrews/13-3 "Hebrews 13:3 - Remember Those in Prison")).

* **Key Themes:** This verse powerfully contributes to several key themes woven throughout [2 Timothy](/2_timothy "The Second Letter to Timothy"). Firstly, it exemplifies **Loyalty and Steadfastness in Suffering**. Onesiphorus's willingness to associate with Paul despite the "chain" directly contrasts with the desertion Paul experienced from others ([2 Timothy 4:16](/2_timothy/4-16 "2 Timothy 4:16 - No One Stood With Me")). This highlights the critical importance of faithful companionship during times of adversity for the gospel. Secondly, the theme of **Christian Hospitality and Mutual Encouragement** is prominent. Onesiphorus "refreshed" Paul, demonstrating the vital role of practical care and spiritual renewal within the community of believers. This act of refreshment goes beyond mere politeness; it speaks to a deep, restorative impact on Paul's spirit and physical well-being, echoing the call to bear one another's burdens ([Galatians 6:2](/galatians/6-2 "Galatians 6:2 - Bear One Another's Burdens")). Finally, the verse underscores the theme of **Intercessory Prayer and Divine Mercy**. Paul's prayer for Onesiphorus's "house" or household emphasizes the ripple effect of individual faithfulness and the biblical principle that God's blessings can extend to entire families due to the righteous actions of one member, a concept seen throughout scripture, from [Genesis 12:3](/genesis/12-3 "Genesis 12:3 - Abraham's Blessing") to the New Testament's emphasis on household salvation ([Acts 16:31](/acts/16-31 "Acts 16:31 - Believe in the Lord Jesus and You Will Be Saved, You and Your Household")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **mercy (Greek, _éleos'_):** This term denotes compassion, either human or divine, with a strong emphasis on active manifestation. In Paul's prayer, it signifies a fervent desire for God's active, compassionate intervention and blessing upon Onesiphorus's household. It's not just a feeling of pity, but a desire for God to bestow tangible good and favor, particularly in light of Onesiphorus's own compassionate actions.
* **refreshed (Greek, _anapsýchō'_):** Literally meaning "to cool off" or "to breathe again," this word figuratively conveys the idea of providing relief, revival, or renewal. Onesiphorus's actions were not superficial; they brought deep spiritual and perhaps even physical restoration to Paul, who was likely weary, distressed, and isolated in prison. It implies a significant alleviation of suffering and a renewed sense of strength or hope.
* **chain (Greek, _hálysis'_):** This refers to a literal fetter or manacle, signifying Paul's imprisonment. More than just a physical restraint, it was a public symbol of his status as a condemned criminal, carrying immense social stigma and potential danger for anyone associated with him. Onesiphorus's lack of shame regarding this "chain" speaks volumes about his courage and unwavering commitment to Paul and the gospel, despite the personal cost.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"The Lord give mercy unto the house of Onesiphorus;":** Paul begins with an earnest prayer, invoking "the Lord" (G2962, _kýrios_), a title acknowledging God's supreme authority and mastery. His petition is for "mercy" (G1656, _éleos_), an active compassion, to be bestowed upon "the house" (G3624, _oîkos_) of Onesiphorus. This "house" refers to Onesiphorus's entire household or family, indicating Paul's desire for God's blessing to extend beyond the individual to those connected to him, perhaps in recognition of their shared sacrifice or the impact of Onesiphorus's absence. This suggests a deep appreciation for the family's support, or perhaps even a prayer for them in Onesiphorus's potential absence or death, though this is debated.
* **"for he oft refreshed me, ":** This clause provides the reason for Paul's prayer. Onesiphorus "oft" (G4178, _pollákis_), meaning "many times" or "frequently," "refreshed" (G404, _anapsýchō_) Paul. This "refreshment" was not merely a casual visit but a profound act of spiritual and physical restoration, providing relief and renewed strength to Paul in his dire circumstances. It implies consistent, intentional effort on Onesiphorus's part to seek out and minister to Paul.
* **"and was not ashamed of my chain:":** This final clause highlights Onesiphorus's exceptional courage and loyalty. Paul's "chain" (G254, _hálysis_) represented his imprisonment and the social disgrace associated with it. In a culture where shame was a powerful deterrent, Onesiphorus's refusal to be "ashamed" (G1870, _epaischýnomai_) of Paul's public disgrace demonstrated remarkable steadfastness. He willingly identified with Paul, a prisoner for the gospel, despite the potential personal risks and social ostracism, contrasting sharply with others who had abandoned Paul.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several significant literary devices. **Synecdoche** is present in the phrase "my chain," where the "chain" (a part) stands for Paul's entire imprisonment and the suffering associated with it. This allows Paul to succinctly convey the full weight of his predicament and the stigma attached to it. **Contrast** is implicitly used by Paul to highlight Onesiphorus's loyalty against the backdrop of others who had deserted him (as seen later in the letter). Onesiphorus's actions are presented as exemplary precisely because they stand apart from the common human tendency to avoid those in disrepute. Furthermore, the entire verse functions as a **Prayer of Intercession**, demonstrating Paul's deep spiritual connection and reciprocal love for his friend. This prayer is not just a wish but an active petition to God, showcasing Paul's reliance on divine mercy and his belief in its efficacy for others. The active verb "refreshed" (anapsycho) also carries a strong sense of **Vivid Imagery**, painting a picture of someone bringing a breath of fresh air or cooling relief to a parched and weary soul, emphasizing the tangible and profound impact of Onesiphorus's ministry to Paul.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse profoundly illustrates the theological concept of **active compassion and steadfast loyalty within the body of Christ**. Onesiphorus's actions embody the New Testament's call to mutual support and love among believers, particularly in times of suffering and persecution. His willingness to identify with Paul, a prisoner for the gospel, despite personal risk, underscores the counter-cultural nature of Christian love that transcends social stigma and fear. Paul's prayer for Onesiphorus's household further emphasizes the biblical principle of God's blessing extending to families in response to the faithfulness of one member, highlighting the interconnectedness of believers and the generational impact of righteousness. This passage serves as a powerful reminder that true fellowship is demonstrated not merely in times of ease but especially in adversity, reflecting the very heart of Christ's sacrificial love.

* [Romans 12:13](/romans/12-13 "Romans 12:13 - Practicing Hospitality")
* [Galatians 6:2](/galatians/6-2 "Galatians 6:2 - Bear One Another's Burdens")
* [Hebrews 13:3](/hebrews/13-3 "Hebrews 13:3 - Remember Those in Prison")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The example of Onesiphorus in [2 Timothy 1:16](/2_timothy/1-16 "2 Timothy 1:16 - Paul's Prayer for Onesiphorus") provides a timeless model for Christian living, challenging believers to cultivate a spirit of courageous compassion and unwavering loyalty. In a world often characterized by self-preservation and fair-weather friendships, Onesiphorus stands out as a beacon of selfless love. His willingness to seek out and refresh Paul, even when it meant associating with a condemned prisoner and risking his own safety, calls us to consider how we might extend practical and spiritual support to those in need, especially those who are marginalized, suffering, or facing persecution for their faith. This verse encourages us to overcome the fear of social stigma or personal inconvenience and instead actively embody the love of Christ by being a source of encouragement, comfort, and tangible help to our brothers and sisters in Christ. Furthermore, Paul's prayer for Onesiphorus's household reminds us of the importance of intercessory prayer, not just for individuals but for their families, recognizing the broader impact of faithfulness and the need for God's mercy to sustain and bless those who serve Him.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what ways can I practically "refresh" someone in my community or church who is experiencing a difficult season or facing adversity?**
* **Are there situations where I might be tempted to be "ashamed" of associating with someone due to their circumstances or beliefs, and how can I overcome such a temptation?**
* **How does Onesiphorus's example challenge my understanding of true friendship and loyalty within the Christian faith?**
* **How might I incorporate more intentional prayer for the households of those who serve God faithfully, recognizing the ripple effect of their service?**

### FAQ
**Was Onesiphorus still alive when Paul wrote this letter, or was he praying for his deceased friend?**

Answer: The text of [2 Timothy 1:16](/2_timothy/1-16 "2 Timothy 1:16 - Paul's Prayer for Onesiphorus") and [2 Timothy 4:19](/2_timothy/4-19 "2 Timothy 4:19 - Greetings to Priscilla and Aquila, and to the household of Onesiphorus") does not definitively state whether Onesiphorus was alive or deceased. Paul's prayer is for "the house of Onesiphorus," and later he sends greetings to "the household of Onesiphorus," rather than to Onesiphorus himself. This phrasing has led some scholars to infer that Onesiphorus might have already passed away, and Paul was praying for his surviving family members. However, it is also possible that Onesiphorus was simply away from Rome, perhaps back in Ephesus (where his household resided, as implied by [2 Timothy 1:18](/2_timothy/1-18 "2 Timothy 1:18 - May the Lord Grant Him Mercy")), and Paul was sending a general blessing and greeting to his family in his absence. The Bible does not explicitly endorse prayer for the dead, so interpreting this as a prayer for his family, regardless of Onesiphorus's status, aligns better with broader biblical theology.

**What does it mean that Onesiphorus "refreshed" Paul?**

Answer: The Greek word for "refreshed" (G404, _anapsýchō_) means "to cool off," "to revive," or "to breathe fresh air." In the context of Paul's imprisonment, it signifies much more than a casual visit. It implies that Onesiphorus provided significant physical comfort (perhaps food, clothing, or better conditions) and profound spiritual and emotional encouragement. Paul was likely weary, lonely, and distressed in his Roman prison, and Onesiphorus's consistent presence and care brought him renewed strength, hope, and a sense of being cared for. It was a deep, restorative act that alleviated Paul's suffering and invigorated his spirit, demonstrating true Christian compassion and practical love.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The selfless and courageous loyalty of Onesiphorus, who "was not ashamed of my chain," powerfully foreshadows and reflects the ultimate example of Christ. Just as Onesiphorus willingly identified with Paul in his shame and suffering, so too did Jesus, the Son of God, willingly identify with humanity in its fallen state, taking on the "shame" of the cross for our salvation ([Hebrews 12:2](/hebrews/12-2 "Hebrews 12:2 - Jesus, the Founder and Perfecter of Our Faith")). He was "not ashamed to call them brethren" ([Hebrews 2:11](/hebrews/2-11 "Hebrews 2:11 - Jesus Not Ashamed to Call Us Brothers")), despite our sin and brokenness. Furthermore, Onesiphorus "refreshed" Paul, bringing him comfort and renewed strength. This mirrors Christ's role as the ultimate source of refreshment for weary souls, inviting all who are burdened to come to Him for rest ([Matthew 11:28-30](/matthew/11-28-30 "Matthew 11:28-30 - Come to Me, All Who Labor and Are Heavy Laden")). His mercy, which Paul prays for Onesiphorus's house, is the very essence of the gospel, extended freely to all who believe, culminating in the ultimate mercy shown through His atoning sacrifice ([Ephesians 2:4-5](/ephesians/2-4-5 "Ephesians 2:4-5 - God's Mercy and Grace")). Thus, Onesiphorus's actions, born of Christian love, serve as a beautiful earthly reflection of the divine love and compassionate identification that Christ Himself embodies and offers to all humanity.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Timothy 4:19

Salute Prisca and Aquila, and the household of Onesiphorus.

Philemon 1:20

Yea, brother, let me have joy of thee in the Lord: refresh my bowels in the Lord.

Ephesians 6:20

For which I am an ambassador in bonds: that therein I may speak boldly, as I ought to speak.

Philemon 1:7

For we have great joy and consolation in thy love, because the bowels of the saints are refreshed by thee, brother.

Acts 28:20

For this cause therefore have I called for you, to see [you], and to speak with [you]: because that for the hope of Israel I am bound with this chain.

Nehemiah 13:31

And for the wood offering, at times appointed, and for the firstfruits. Remember me, O my God, for good.

2 Timothy 1:18

The Lord grant unto him that he may find mercy of the Lord in that day: and in how many things he ministered unto me at Ephesus, thou knowest very well.