2 Samuel 23:12

KJV

But he stood in the midst of the ground, and defended it, and slew the Philistines: and the LORD wrought a great victory.

KJV (with Strong's)

But he stood {H3320} in the midst {H8432} of the ground {H2513}, and defended {H5337} it, and slew {H5221} the Philistines {H6430}: and the LORD {H3068} wrought {H6213} a great {H1419} victory {H8668}.

Complete Jewish Bible

But he stood in the middle of the plot and defended it, killing the P'lishtim; and ADONAI brought about a great victory.

Berean Standard Bible

But Shammah took his stand in the middle of the field, defended it, and struck down the Philistines. So the LORD brought about a great victory.

American Standard Version

But he stood in the midst of the plot, and defended it, and slew the Philistines; and Jehovah wrought a great victory.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Shammah, one of David's valiant mighty men, demonstrates exceptional courage and unwavering faithfulness in 2 Samuel 23:12 by standing firm and defending a field of lentiles against a Philistine invasion, even as the rest of the Israelite army fled. This remarkable event powerfully illustrates the dynamic interplay between human valor and divine intervention, culminating in a resounding victory that the Lord Himself orchestrated, underscoring God's profound capacity to work through seemingly small acts of obedience to achieve monumental outcomes.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within a distinct and highly significant appendix to the book of 2 Samuel (2 Samuel 23:8-39), which meticulously catalogues the heroic exploits of King David's most elite warriors, famously known as "David's Mighty Men." Following David's poignant "last words," this roster transcends a mere historical record, serving instead as a profound testament to the extraordinary loyalty, self-sacrificing bravery, and divine empowerment that characterized the zenith of David's kingdom. Shammah's account immediately succeeds the collective deeds of "the Three" (Jashobeam, Eleazar), setting the narrative stage for individual acts of unparalleled valor. The preceding verse, [2 Samuel 23:11](/2_samuel/23-11 "2 Samuel 23:11 - Shammah's Initial Stand Against the Philistines"), establishes the dire circumstances: the Philistines had amassed for battle in a field of lentiles, prompting the Israelite army to flee, leaving Shammah as the sole defender. This narrative juxtaposition powerfully emphasizes Shammah's solitary, defiant stand against overwhelming odds, rendering his subsequent victory all the more miraculous and divinely attributed.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The Philistines represented a persistent and formidable adversary to Israel throughout the periods of the Judges and the early monarchy, perpetually threatening Israelite sovereignty and territorial integrity, particularly in the agriculturally rich lowlands. Control over vital agricultural land, such as a field of lentiles, was not merely a matter of food supply; it was intrinsically linked to economic stability, national security, and honor. The abandonment of such a field to the Philistines would have constituted a significant practical and symbolic capitulation. Shammah's act of standing alone against a military force was an act of immense personal courage, but also a desperate and profoundly symbolic defense of vital national resources in an era where military engagements were frequently hand-to-hand and deeply personal. This period was characterized by incessant skirmishes and battles, where the individual strength, resolve, and perceived divine favor of warriors could dramatically influence the outcome of conflicts, often seen as direct indicators of God's blessing or judgment.

* **Key Themes:** Shammah's heroic stand in [2 Samuel 23:12](/2_samuel/23-12 "2 Samuel 23:12 - Shammah's Great Victory") powerfully illuminates several enduring themes prevalent throughout the book of Samuel and the broader Old Testament narrative. Firstly, it showcases **Unwavering Courage and Resolve** in the face of insurmountable odds, a virtue consistently lauded in biblical heroes. Shammah's steadfast refusal to retreat when others fled underscores the profound importance of individual faithfulness and steadfastness, even in battles that might appear insignificant. Secondly, the verse explicitly attributes the "great victory" to "the LORD," thereby emphasizing **Divine Intervention and Sovereignty**. This theological conviction reinforces the truth that while human effort and bravery are commendable and necessary, ultimate success and deliverance originate from God, a theme powerfully echoed in [1 Samuel 17:47](/1_samuel/17-47 "1 Samuel 17:47 - The Battle Belongs to the Lord") where David boldly proclaims that "the battle is the Lord's." Lastly, the defense of a humble "field of lentiles" underscores **The Value of the Seemingly Small**. It teaches that faithfulness in defending what might appear minor or common can be divinely leveraged to achieve significant, even miraculous, outcomes, demonstrating that God's power is not constrained by the scale of human effort or the apparent importance of the task.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Stood (Hebrew, _yâtsab'_):** This verb, H3320, signifies "to place (any thing so as to stay)," or reflexively, "to station, offer, continue." In Shammah's context, it conveys a firm, resolute, and unmoving posture, often in defiance or readiness for battle. It implies not merely being present, but actively holding one's ground with unwavering determination, contrasting sharply with the retreating Israelite army.
* **Defended (Hebrew, _nâtsal'_):** This verb, H5337, means "to snatch away, whether in a good or a bad sense." In this context, it carries the sense of "to preserve," "to protect," or "to rescue" from danger. Shammah actively intervened to prevent the Philistines from seizing or destroying the lentil field, indicating a proactive and protective engagement rather than merely passive resistance.
* **Wrought (Hebrew, _ʻâsâh'_):** This verb, H6213, means "to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application." When applied to God, as here, it emphasizes His active, purposeful, and effective involvement in bringing about a specific outcome. It highlights God's agency and power in achieving the "great victory," underscoring that the triumph was not merely human but divinely orchestrated.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But he stood in the midst of the ground":** This initial clause immediately sets Shammah apart from his fleeing comrades. "He" refers to Shammah, and "stood" (as analyzed above) conveys his resolute, unmoving posture, a stark contrast to the general retreat. "In the midst of the ground" specifies his precise position: he did not retreat to the edge or seek cover, but positioned himself directly in the field, confronting the enemy head-on and defending the very plot of land they sought to take. This physical stance serves as a powerful metaphor for his spiritual and moral resolve.
* **"and defended it":** This phrase clarifies the profound purpose of his stand. "It" refers to the "ground" or, more specifically, the field of lentiles mentioned in the preceding verse. Shammah's action was not merely a suicidal charge but a deliberate, strategic act of protection and preservation. He actively engaged the enemy to prevent the loss or destruction of this vital agricultural resource, demonstrating his deep commitment to his people's welfare and the preservation of their livelihood.
* **"and slew the Philistines":** This describes the direct and devastating consequence of his courageous defense and engagement. Shammah, through his individual valor, martial prowess, and divine enablement, inflicted significant casualties upon the Philistine forces. This highlights the effectiveness of his solitary stand, transforming what began as a defensive posture into a decisive offensive triumph against the invaders.
* **"and the LORD wrought a great victory":** This culminating clause provides the ultimate theological interpretation and attribution of the event. While Shammah's courage, skill, and actions were undeniably instrumental, the text explicitly attributes the "great victory" (Hebrew: _tᵉshûwʻâh gâdôwlâh_, signifying a significant deliverance or salvation) to the Lord. This emphasizes divine sovereignty and intervention, indicating that Shammah's human effort was supernaturally empowered, blessed, and brought to fruition by God, making the outcome a profound testament to divine power rather than merely human strength.

#### Literary Devices
The narrative of Shammah's stand masterfully employs several potent literary devices. **Heroic Narrative** is central, presenting Shammah as an archetypal warrior whose individual bravery, skill, and unwavering commitment are magnified against a backdrop of widespread retreat, thereby elevating his act to legendary status within David's elite corps. This is further amplified by **Contrast**, as Shammah's solitary, defiant stand is starkly juxtaposed with the flight of the entire Israelite army, powerfully emphasizing his unique courage, faithfulness, and singular resolve. The "field of lentiles" functions as profound **Symbolism**; while a humble crop, it represents the vital resources, economic stability, and territorial integrity of Israel, making Shammah's defense of it a potent metaphor for defending the nation's very existence, God's provision, and the covenant promises. Finally, the concluding phrase, "and the LORD wrought a great victory," exemplifies **Divine Causation**, where the ultimate success and deliverance are explicitly attributed to God's active, sovereign involvement. This literary choice ensures that despite Shammah's undeniable heroism, the ultimate glory and credit for the triumph redound solely to the Lord.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Shammah's story profoundly illustrates the biblical principle that human faithfulness and divine power are not mutually exclusive but often work in seamless concert. His unwavering stand, even when abandoned by others, demonstrates the critical importance of individual courage and commitment to God's purposes, no matter how small or insignificant the "field" may seem. Yet, the ultimate victory is explicitly attributed to the Lord, emphasizing that even the most valiant human efforts are empowered, sustained, and brought to fruition by God's sovereign hand. This narrative serves as a powerful reminder that God often chooses to work through the dedicated obedience of individuals, transforming seemingly impossible situations into undeniable testimonies of His mighty deliverance. It encourages believers to take their stand for truth and righteousness, trusting that God will "wrought a great victory" through their faithfulness.

* [Deuteronomy 20:4](/deuteronomy/20-4 "The Lord Fights for You")
* [Psalm 44:6-7](/psalm/44-6-7 "Not by Sword, but by God")
* [Zechariah 4:6](/zechariah/4-6 "Not by Might Nor by Power")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Shammah's heroic stand in the lentil field offers a compelling and timeless model for contemporary believers. We are frequently called to "stand in the midst of the ground" in our own lives—to defend our faith, our families, our values, our integrity, or the truth of God's Word when others might retreat, compromise, or even actively oppose. This story profoundly reminds us that faithfulness is not measured by the sheer size of the challenge but by our unwavering willingness to stand firm, even when we feel isolated, overwhelmed, or seemingly insignificant. It encourages us to prayerfully identify our "lentil fields"—those specific areas of our lives, our families, our churches, or our spheres of influence that God has entrusted to us, no matter how humble or ordinary they may appear—and to defend them with resolute courage and conviction. Crucially, it redirects our focus from our own limited strength to God's boundless power, assuring us that when we take our stand in obedient dependence, the Lord Himself will "wrought a great victory," transforming our human efforts into divine triumphs. This narrative calls us to active, courageous, and profoundly God-dependent living.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "lentil fields" in your life or community is God specifically calling you to stand and defend, even when others might retreat or compromise?**
* **How does Shammah's reliance on the Lord, despite his own undeniable bravery, challenge your understanding of the dynamic interplay between personal effort and divine intervention?**
* **In what specific situations or challenges do you need to actively trust that "the LORD will wrought a great victory" through your faithfulness, rather than relying solely on your own strength?**

### FAQ
**Who was Shammah, and why is his story significant?**

Answer: Shammah was one of King David's "Mighty Men," an elite and revered group of warriors celebrated throughout Israel for their extraordinary valor, skill, and unwavering loyalty to David. His story in [2 Samuel 23:11-12](/2_samuel/23-11-12 "Shammah's Heroic Stand and God's Victory") is profoundly significant because it highlights his unique and singular courage in defending a seemingly insignificant field of lentiles against the Philistines when the rest of the Israelite army had fled in fear. It serves as a powerful illustration of individual faithfulness, the profound importance of defending what God has entrusted to us, and the ultimate truth that God empowers and brings about victory through human obedience. His act is recorded as a timeless testament to both remarkable human heroism and decisive divine intervention.

**What was the significance of defending a "field of lentiles"?**

Answer: While a field of lentiles might appear to be a minor or common agricultural asset, its defense was profoundly significant in ancient Israel. Agricultural produce was absolutely vital for sustenance, economic stability, and the very survival of communities. Allowing the Philistines to seize or destroy such a field would have been a direct and devastating attack on the community's livelihood, a symbolic surrender of valuable territory, and a blow to national honor. Shammah's defense of this humble field underscores a crucial spiritual principle: faithfulness and courage are required not just in grand, epic battles but also in protecting the seemingly small, everyday provisions and resources that God provides. It teaches that God can powerfully use acts of faithfulness in "small" or overlooked areas to bring about "great victories," demonstrating His meticulous care for all aspects of His people's lives and their well-being.

**How does the phrase "the LORD wrought a great victory" inform our understanding of human effort and divine action?**

Answer: This phrase is absolutely crucial because it attributes the ultimate success of Shammah's courageous stand directly and unequivocally to God. While Shammah's bravery, skill, and resolute stand were undeniable and necessary human components, the text makes it abundantly clear that the "great victory" was not solely a human achievement but a divine one. It teaches a profound theological truth: human effort and obedience are indeed important and commanded, but they are empowered, sustained, and ultimately brought to fruition by God's sovereign will and omnipotent power. It reinforces the biblical truth that "unless the LORD builds the house, its builders labor in vain" ([Psalm 127:1](/psalm/127-1 "Unless the Lord Builds the House")), and that God often chooses to work through faithful individuals to accomplish His overarching purposes, ensuring that all glory and credit ultimately belong to Him alone.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Shammah's heroic stand against overwhelming odds, culminating in a divinely wrought victory, finds its ultimate and perfect fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Shammah valiantly defended a field of lentiles, a temporal and earthly resource, but Christ stood in the ultimate gap for all humanity, defending us against the ultimate and eternal enemies: sin, death, and the destructive power of the devil. Where Shammah stood alone when others fled, Jesus stood utterly alone in the garden of Gethsemane and on the cross, facing the full onslaught of spiritual darkness and enduring the righteous wrath of God for our sake ([Matthew 26:36-46](/matthew/26-36-46 "Jesus' Agony in Gethsemane")). His resolute "stand" on the cross, which appeared to be a position of utter weakness and defeat, was in fact the decisive and ultimate battle where He "disarmed the powers and authorities, he made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross" ([Colossians 2:15](/colossians/2-15 "Christ's Triumph Over Spiritual Powers")). The "great victory" wrought by the Lord in Shammah's time profoundly foreshadows the infinitely greater and eternal victory accomplished by God through Christ's resurrection, which definitively conquered death and secured eternal salvation and new life for all who believe ([1 Corinthians 15:54-57](/1_corinthians/15-54-57 "Victory Over Death Through Christ")). Just as the Father supernaturally empowered Shammah, He empowered the Son to accomplish His redemptive mission, demonstrating that true and lasting victory is always from God and through His chosen instrument, Jesus Christ, the ultimate Warrior who secures our eternal "lentil field" of salvation and abundant life.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

2 Samuel 23:10

He arose, and smote the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clave unto the sword: and the LORD wrought a great victory that day; and the people returned after him only to spoil.

Proverbs 21:31

The horse [is] prepared against the day of battle: but safety [is] of the LORD.

Psalms 3:8

Salvation [belongeth] unto the LORD: thy blessing [is] upon thy people. Selah.

Psalms 44:2

[How] thou didst drive out the heathen with thy hand, and plantedst them; [how] thou didst afflict the people, and cast them out.