2 Samuel 1:22

From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.

From the blood {H1818} of the slain {H2491}, from the fat {H2459} of the mighty {H1368}, the bow {H7198} of Jonathan {H3083} turned {H7734} not back {H268}, and the sword {H2719} of Saul {H7586} returned {H7725} not empty {H7387}.

"From the blood of the dead, from the flesh of heroes, the bow of Y'honatan did not retreat or the sword of Sha'ul return unsatisfied.

From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan did not retreat, and the sword of Saul did not return empty.

From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, The bow of Jonathan turned not back, And the sword of Saul returned not empty.

Commentary

2 Samuel 1:22 is a poignant line from David's heartfelt lament, known as the "Song of the Bow," mourning the tragic deaths of King Saul and his beloved son, Jonathan. This verse specifically highlights their unparalleled prowess and effectiveness as warriors in battle.

Context

This verse is part of David's emotional elegy (2 Samuel 1:17-27) delivered after he receives the devastating news of the Israelite defeat by the Philistines on Mount Gilboa, where both King Saul and Prince Jonathan fell. Despite Saul's relentless pursuit of David, David genuinely mourns their loss, recognizing their critical roles in defending Israel. The lament serves not only as an expression of grief but also as a testament to their military might, intended to be taught to the people of Judah.

Key Themes

  • Warrior Prowess and Effectiveness: The core message is the formidable skill and success of Saul and Jonathan in combat. "From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty" graphically depicts their victories over powerful enemies, emphasizing the lethality of their weapons.
  • Unwavering Commitment in Battle: The phrases "turned not back" (for Jonathan's bow) and "returned not empty" (for Saul's sword) underscore their relentless and successful engagement. Their weapons were consistently used to achieve decisive outcomes, never failing to strike or inflict damage against their foes.
  • Honor in Lament: Despite the complex relationship David had with Saul, this lament showcases David's capacity to honor his fallen king and his cherished friend. It acknowledges their significant contributions to Israel's defense, setting aside personal grievances for the sake of national mourning and respect for their legacy. David's deep bond with Jonathan is a recurring theme in 1 Samuel 18 and 1 Samuel 20.

Linguistic Insights

The phrase "fat of the mighty" (Hebrew: chelev gibborim) is a vivid poetic expression. In biblical usage, "fat" often signifies the best, richest, or most vital part. Here, it metaphorically refers to the strength and vitality of the defeated, mighty warriors, highlighting the completeness of Saul and Jonathan's victories. Their weapons were so effective that they not only shed blood but also utterly vanquished the strongest of their foes.

Practical Application and Reflection

This verse offers several enduring insights:

  • Acknowledging Strengths Amidst Flaws: David's lament teaches us the importance of recognizing and honoring the strengths and contributions of others, even those with whom we may have had difficult relationships. It encourages a balanced perspective, acknowledging positive legacies.
  • Commitment to Purpose: The imagery of weapons that "turned not back" and "returned not empty" can symbolize a steadfast commitment to one's calling, duties, or principles. It speaks to the value of persistence and effectiveness in pursuing noble goals.
  • Legacy of Action: The verse reminds us that our actions and dedication contribute to our legacy. Saul and Jonathan, despite their ultimate defeat, are remembered here for their formidable courage and effectiveness in battle, leaving a profound impact on Israel's history.
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Please note that only the commentary section is AI-generated — the main Scripture and cross-references are stored on the site and are from trusted and verified sources.

Cross-References

  • 1 Samuel 18:4

    And Jonathan stripped himself of the robe that [was] upon him, and gave it to David, and his garments, even to his sword, and to his bow, and to his girdle.

  • Isaiah 34:6

    The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, [and] with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea.

  • Isaiah 34:7

    And the unicorns shall come down with them, and the bullocks with the bulls; and their land shall be soaked with blood, and their dust made fat with fatness.

  • Deuteronomy 32:42

    I will make mine arrows drunk with blood, and my sword shall devour flesh; [and that] with the blood of the slain and of the captives, from the beginning of revenges upon the enemy.

  • 1 Samuel 14:6

    And Jonathan said to the young man that bare his armour, Come, and let us go over unto the garrison of these uncircumcised: it may be that the LORD will work for us: for [there is] no restraint to the LORD to save by many or by few.

  • 1 Samuel 14:14

    And that first slaughter, which Jonathan and his armourbearer made, was about twenty men, within as it were an half acre of land, [which] a yoke [of oxen might plow].
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