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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers 2 Corinthians 7:1–4. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
These verses contain a double exhortation: -
I.To make a progress in holiness, or to perfect holiness in the fear of God, Co2 7:1.
This exhortation is given with most tender affection to those who were dearly beloved, and enforced by strong arguments, even the consideration of those exceedingly great and precious promises which were mentioned in the former chapter, and which the Corinthians had an interest in and a title to. The promises of God are strong inducements to sanctification, in both the branches thereof; namely,
1.The dying unto sin, or mortifying our lusts and corruptions: we must cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit. Sin is filthiness, and there are defilements of body and mind. There are sins of the flesh, that are committed with the body, and sins of the spirit, spiritual wickednesses; and we must cleanse ourselves from the filthiness of both, for God is to be glorified both with body and soul.
2.The living unto righteousness and holiness. If we hope God is our Father, we must endeavour to be partakers of his holiness, to be holy as he is holy, and perfect as our Father in heaven is perfect. We must be still perfecting holiness, and not be contented with sincerity (which is our gospel perfection), without aiming at sinless perfection, though we shall always come short of it while we are in this world; and this we must do in the fear of God, which is the root and principle of all religion, and there is no holiness without it. Note, Faith and hope in the promises of God must not destroy our fear of God, who taketh pleasure in those that fear him and hope in his mercy.
II.To show a due regard to the ministers of the gospel:
Receive us, Co2 7:2. Those who labour in the word and doctrine should be had in reputation, and be highly esteemed for their work's sake: and this would be a help to making progress in holiness. If the ministers of the gospel are thought contemptible because of their office, there is danger lest the gospel itself be contemned also. The apostle did not think it any disparagement to court the favour of the Corinthians; and, though we must flatter none, yet we must be gentle towards all. He tells them, 1. He had done nothing to forfeit their esteem and good-will, but was cautious not to do any thing to deserve their ill-will (Co2 7:2): "We have wronged no man: we have done you no harm, but always designed your good." I have coveted no man's silver, nor gold, nor apparel, said he to the elders of Ephesus, Act 20:33. "We have corrupted no man, by false doctrines or flattering speeches. We have defrauded no man; we have not sought ourselves, nor to promote our own secular interests by crafty and greedy measures, to the damage of any persons." This is an appeal like that of Samuel, 1 Sa. 12. Note, Then may ministers the more confidently expect esteem and favour from the people when they can safely appeal to them that they are guilty of nothing that deserves disesteem or displeasure. 2. He did not herein reflect upon them for want of affection to him, Co2 7:3, Co2 7:4. So tenderly and cautiously did the apostle deal with the Corinthians, among whom there were some who would be glad of any occasion to reproach him, and prejudice the minds of others against him. To prevent any insinuations against him on account of what he had said, as if he intended to charge them with wronging him, or unjust accusations of him for having wronged them, he assures them again of his great affection to them, insomuch that he could spend his last breath at Corinth, and live and die with them, if his business with other churches, and his work as an apostle (which was not to be confined to one place only), would permit him to do so. An he adds it was his great affection to them that made him use such boldness or freedom of speech towards them, and caused him to glory, or make his boast of them, in all places, and upon all occasions, being filled with comfort, and exceedingly joyful in all their tribulations.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
Paul wants them to realize in what frame of mind he is speaking to them. He is certainly not rejecting people whom he wants to have as sharers with him, but he is exhorting them to make themselves worthy of this sharing.
"I say it not to condemn you." How is this evident? "For I have said before," he adds, "that ye are in our hearts to die and live with you." This is the greatest affection, when even though treated with contempt, he chooseth both to die and live with them. 'For neither are ye merely in our hearts,' he says, 'but in such sort as I said. For it is possible both to love and to shun dangers, but we do not thus.' And behold here also wisdom unspeakable. For he spake not of what had been done for them, that he might not seem to be again reproaching them, but he promiseth for the future. 'For should it chance,' saith he, 'that danger should invade, for your sakes I am ready to suffer every thing; and neither death nor life seemeth aught to me in itself, but in whichever ye be, that is to me more desirable, both death than life and life than death.' Howbeit, dying indeed is manifestly a proof of love; but living, who is there that would not choose, even of those who are not friends? Why then does the Apostle mention it as something great? Because it is even exceeding great. For numbers indeed sympathize with their friends when they are in misfortune, but when they are in honor rejoice not with, but envy, them. 'But not so we; but whether ye be in calamity, we are not afraid to share your ill fortune; or whether ye be prosperous, we are not wounded with envy.'
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Summary
In 2 Corinthians 7:3, the Apostle Paul reassures the Corinthian believers that his previous stern communication was not intended to condemn them, but rather stemmed from a profound and unwavering love. He emphasizes that their relationship is so deeply rooted in his affections that he considers them an inseparable part of his life, willing to share in their ultimate destiny, whether in life or in death. This verse powerfully conveys Paul's pastoral heart, his commitment to reconciliation, and the unbreakable bond he shares with the church.
Context
Literary Context
This verse is situated within Paul's second letter to the Corinthians, a letter deeply marked by tension, sorrow, and ultimately, reconciliation. Following a period of significant conflict and a "severe letter" (likely referenced in 2 Corinthians 2:4 and 2 Corinthians 7:8), Paul has just expressed his immense relief and joy upon hearing from Titus that the Corinthians had responded with godly sorrow and repentance (2 Corinthians 7:5-7). Verse 3 serves as a tender affirmation of his enduring love and commitment, clarifying his past motivations. It directly follows Paul's declaration of having "opened our hearts wide to you" in 2 Corinthians 6:11, reinforcing the depth of his affection and transparency. The immediate context is Paul's defense of his apostolic ministry and his deep concern for the spiritual purity and well-being of the Corinthian church, culminating in a powerful call for reconciliation and holiness throughout 2 Corinthians 6-7.
Historical & Cultural Context
The city of Corinth was a bustling, cosmopolitan port city, notorious for its moral laxity and diverse religious influences. The Corinthian church, though gifted, struggled with internal divisions, moral issues, and challenges to Paul's apostolic authority. Paul's relationship with them was complex, marked by both deep affection and necessary confrontation. His previous letter (1 Corinthians) and subsequent visits or letters had addressed these issues, often with strong words. In the Greco-Roman world, rhetoric and public speaking were highly valued, and Paul's communication style, though rooted in divine truth, was sometimes misinterpreted or criticized. The concept of "friendship" (philia) in this culture often involved profound loyalty and shared destiny, which Paul's words "to die and live with you" would have resonated with, indicating a bond far stronger than mere acquaintance, akin to a familial tie or profound patronage. His words here are a crucial step in rebuilding trust and ensuring that his pastoral discipline was understood as love, not condemnation.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes in 2 Corinthians. Firstly, it highlights the theme of Apostolic Integrity and Love, demonstrating that Paul's firm words were always motivated by genuine love for the Corinthians, not by a desire to condemn or control. Secondly, it underscores the theme of Reconciliation and Restoration, as Paul's reassurance is vital for healing the fractured relationship between him and the church, moving past past hurts towards renewed trust. Thirdly, the phrase "ye are in our hearts to die and live with [you]" speaks to Profound Solidarity and Shared Destiny, portraying a bond so deep that Paul is willing to share their ultimate fate, whether in suffering or triumph. This reflects the deep commitment expected within the Christian community, echoing themes of unity and mutual support found throughout Paul's epistles, such as his longing to impart his own soul to the Thessalonians in 1 Thessalonians 2:8. Finally, it touches on the nature of Godly Sorrow and Repentance, as Paul's non-condemnatory stance, coupled with his strong exhortations, led to the Corinthians' "godly sorrow that leads to salvation without regret" (2 Corinthians 7:10), confirming that his purpose was always their spiritual health.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This word signifies a formal sentencing against someone, a judicial pronouncement of guilt or adverse judgment. Paul explicitly states that his intention was not to issue a damning verdict or to permanently separate them from God's grace or his own affection. His aim was restorative, not punitive in a final sense.
More than just the physical organ, "heart" in biblical thought (a Hebraism adopted into Greek) represents the very core of a person's being—the seat of their intellect, emotions, will, and moral character. When Paul says the Corinthians are "in our hearts," he is conveying that they are deeply embedded in his innermost affections, thoughts, and intentions, signifying an intimate and inseparable bond.
These two verbs, used in conjunction, express the ultimate form of solidarity and shared destiny. Synapothnḗskō means "to die with," implying a willingness to share in suffering, persecution, or even martyrdom. Syzáō means "to live with," indicating a desire to share in their triumphs, joys, and spiritual vitality. Together, they convey a profound, unbreakable commitment to endure all circumstances—good or bad, life or death—alongside the Corinthians, reflecting an unparalleled depth of love and loyalty.
Verse Breakdown
"I speak not [this] to condemn [you]:"
Paul clarifies the true intent behind his previous, perhaps harsh, words. He assures them that his communication, though it may have caused sorrow, was never meant to pronounce a final, damning judgment upon them. Instead, it was an act of pastoral love aimed at their spiritual well-being and repentance.
"for I have said before,"
This phrase refers to Paul's consistent and previously stated declarations of his deep affection and commitment to the Corinthians. It serves as a reminder that his current reassurance is not a new sentiment, but a reiteration of a foundational truth about their relationship, underscoring his sincerity and unwavering love.
"that ye are in our hearts"
This powerful declaration emphasizes the profound intimacy and affection Paul holds for the Corinthians. It means they occupy a central, cherished place in his innermost being, signifying that his thoughts, emotions, and intentions towards them are rooted in love and care, not in malice or detachment.
"to die and live with [you]."
This climactic statement expresses the ultimate degree of solidarity and commitment. Paul is conveying his willingness to share fully in their experiences, whether they face hardship and persecution (to die with them) or experience joy and spiritual flourishing (to live with them). It signifies an unbreakable bond and a shared destiny, demonstrating a love that transcends circumstances and is willing to endure all things for their sake.
Literary Devices
Paul's words in 2 Corinthians 7:3 are rich with rhetorical and literary power. The verse employs Antithesis by contrasting his true intention ("not to condemn you") with a potential misinterpretation of his previous severity, highlighting his genuine pastoral heart. The phrase "ye are in our hearts" functions as a powerful Idiom (specifically a Hebraism), conveying deep affection and an intimate, inseparable connection, far beyond mere intellectual assent. The subsequent declaration, "to die and live with [you]," is another profound Idiom, expressing the ultimate form of solidarity and shared destiny. This vivid language serves as a form of Hyperbole, emphasizing the extreme depth of Paul's commitment and love, ensuring the Corinthians grasp the intensity of his bond with them. The direct address to "you" also exemplifies Apostrophe, drawing the recipients into a personal and intimate conversation with the apostle.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Paul's profound declaration of love and solidarity in 2 Corinthians 7:3 offers a powerful theological reflection on the nature of divine and human relationships within the covenant community. It mirrors God's own character, who, despite humanity's sin, "did not send his Son into the world to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him" (John 3:17). Paul's pastoral heart, willing to confront for the sake of restoration rather than condemnation, exemplifies biblical discipline rooted in love, not punitive judgment. This verse also underscores the New Testament's emphasis on the deep, sacrificial commitment believers are called to have for one another within the body of Christ, a bond so strong that it transcends personal comfort and even the threat of suffering or death. It speaks to the reality of Christian fellowship as a shared journey, where believers are truly "members one of another," bearing each other's burdens and sharing in both joys and sorrows.
Reflection and Application
Paul's heartfelt words in 2 Corinthians 7:3 provide a profound model for Christian relationships, leadership, and the very essence of community. For believers today, this verse challenges us to cultivate a love that is not only affectionate but also deeply committed and restorative. It reminds us that our interactions, even when corrective or challenging, should always be motivated by a desire for the other person's spiritual flourishing, not by a spirit of judgment or condemnation. In a world often quick to criticize and dismiss, Paul's example calls us to extend grace and understanding, seeking reconciliation over alienation. Furthermore, the concept of being "in our hearts to die and live with you" urges us towards radical solidarity within the church, where we are willing to share authentically in the burdens and triumphs of our brothers and sisters, fostering a community where no one walks alone. This kind of genuine, sacrificial love builds trust, heals wounds, and strengthens the bonds of fellowship, enabling the body of Christ to thrive even amidst challenges.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What does "to die and live with you" truly mean in this context?
This powerful phrase is an idiom expressing the ultimate degree of solidarity and commitment. It does not necessarily mean Paul literally intended to die physically with the Corinthians, but rather that his life and destiny were so intertwined with theirs that he was willing to share in all their experiences, no matter how difficult or joyful. It signifies an unbreakable bond, a readiness to endure hardship, suffering, and even persecution alongside them ("to die with"), and conversely, a desire to share in their spiritual flourishing, triumphs, and joys ("to live with"). It is a declaration of unwavering loyalty and a testament to his profound, sacrificial love for them, reflecting the depth of his apostolic commitment to their well-being, even to the point of personal cost, as he often recounted his sufferings for the churches (e.g., 2 Corinthians 11:23-28).
Was Paul's earlier communication truly "condemnatory"?
Paul explicitly states, "I speak not [this] to condemn [you]," indicating that while his previous words were severe and caused sorrow, their ultimate intent was not condemnation but conviction leading to repentance and restoration. In 2 Corinthians 2:4, he mentions writing "out of much affliction and anguish of heart and with many tears," not to make them grieve, but to let them know the "love that I have so abundantly for you." The sorrow they experienced was "godly sorrow," which, as Paul explains in 2 Corinthians 7:9-10, "produces a repentance that leads to salvation without regret." Therefore, his words were a necessary, loving, and effective form of pastoral discipline, not a final pronouncement of judgment.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Paul's declaration of non-condemnation and profound solidarity in 2 Corinthians 7:3 finds its ultimate and most glorious fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Just as Paul's heart was set on the restoration of the Corinthians, not their condemnation, so too did God send His Son "not to condemn the world, but in order that the world might be saved through him" (John 3:17). Christ's entire mission was an act of divine solidarity, a willingness to "die and live with" humanity in the most profound sense. He, being in very nature God, "did not consider equality with God something to be used to his own advantage; rather, he made himself nothing by taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness" (Philippians 2:6-7). He fully entered into our human condition, experiencing our temptations, sorrows, and ultimately, our death, bearing the condemnation that was rightfully ours on the cross. His resurrection then represents the "living with us," a promise of new life and eternal fellowship for all who believe. He is our sympathetic High Priest who "in every respect has been tempted as we are, yet without sin" (Hebrews 4:15), demonstrating the ultimate "die and live with" commitment, securing our salvation and inviting us into an unbreakable union with Him, a bond far deeper than any human relationship.