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Commentary on 1 Chronicles 12 verses 1–22
We have here an account of those that appeared and acted as David's friends, upon the death of Saul, to bring about the revolution. All the forces he had, while he was persecuted, was but 600 men, who served for his guards; but, when the time had come that he must begin to act offensively, Providence brought in more to his assistance. Even while he kept himself close, because of Saul (Ch1 12:1), while he did not appear, to invite or encourage his friends and well-wishers to come in to him (not foreseeing that the death of Saul was so near), God was inclining and preparing them to come over to him with seasonable succours. Those that trust God to do his work for them in his own way and time shall find his providence outdoing all their forecast and contrivance. The war was God's, and he found out helpers of the war, whose forwardness to act for the man God designed for the government is here recorded to their honour.
I. Some, even of Saul's brethren, of the tribe of Benjamin, and a-kin to him, came over to David, Ch1 12:2. What moved them to it we are not told. Probably a generous indignation at the base treatment which Saul, one of their tribe, gave him, animated them to appear the more vigorously for him, that the guilt and reproach of it might not lie upon them. These Benjamites are described to be men of great dexterity, that were trained up in shooting and slinging, and used both hands alike - ingenious active men; a few of these might do David a great deal of service. Several of the leading men of them are here named. See Jdg 20:16.
II. Some of the tribe of Gad, though seated on the other side Jordan, had such a conviction of David's title to the government, and fitness for it, that they separated themselves from their brethren (a laudable separation it was) to go to David, though he was in the hold in the wilderness (Ch1 12:8), probably some of his strong holds in the wilderness of Engedi. They were but few, eleven in all, here named, but they added much to David's strength. Those that had hitherto come in to his assistance were most of them men of broken fortunes, distressed, discontented, and soldiers of fortune, that came to him rather for protection than to do him any service, Sa1 22:2. But these Gadites were brave men, men of war, and fit for the battle, Ch1 12:8. For, 1. They were able-bodied men, men of incredible swiftness, not to fly from, but to fly upon, the enemy, and to pursue the scattered forces. In this they were as swift as the roes upon the mountains, so that no man could escape from them; and yet they had faces like the faces of lions, so that no man could out-fight them. 2. They were disciplined men, trained up to military exercises; they could handle shield and buckler, use both offensive and defensive weapons. 3. They were officers of the militia in their own tribe (Ch1 12:14), so that though they did not bring soldiers with them they had them at command, hundreds, thousands. 4. They were daring men, that could break through the greatest difficulties. Upon some expedition or other, perhaps this to David, they swam over the Jordan, when it overflowed all its banks, Ch1 12:15. Those are fit to be employed in the cause of God that can venture thus in a dependence upon the divine protection. 5. They were men that would go through with the business they engaged in. What enemies those were that they met with in the valleys, when they had passed Jordan, does not appear; but they put them to flight with their lion-like faces, and pursued them with matchless fury, both towards the east and towards the west; which way soever they turned, they followed their blow, and did not do their work by halves.
III. Some of Judah and Benjamin came to him, Ch1 12:16. Their leader was Amasai, whether the same with that Amasa that afterwards sided with Absalom (Sa2 17:25) or no does not appear. Now here we have,
1.David's prudent treaty with them, Ch1 12:17. He was surprised to see them, and could not but conceive some jealousy of the intentions of their coming, having been so often in danger by the treachery of the men of Ziph and the men of Keilah, who yet were all men of Judah. He might well be timorous whose life was so much struck at; he might well be suspicious who had been deceived in so many that he said, in his haste, All men are liars. No marvel that he meets these men of Judah with caution. Observe,
(1.)How he puts the matter to themselves, how fairly he deals with them. As they are, they shall find him; so shall all that deal with the Son of David. [1.] If they be faithful and honourable, he will be their rewarder: "If you have come peaceably unto me, to help me, though you have come late and have left me exposed a great while, though you bring no great strength with you to turn the scale for me, yet I will thankfully accept your good-will, and my heart shall be knit unto you; I will love you and honour you, and do you all the kindness I can." Affection, respect, and service, that are cordial and sincere, will find favour with a good man, as they do with a good God, though clogged with infirmities, and turning to no great account. But, [2.] If they be false, and come to betray him into the hands of Saul, under colour of friendship, he leaves them to God to be their avenger, as he is, and will be, of every thing that is treacherous and perfidious. Never was man more violently run upon, and run down, than David was (except the Son of David himself), and yet he had the testimony of his conscience that there was no wrong in his hands. He meant no harm to any man, which was his rejoicing in the day of evil, and enabled him, when he feared treachery, to commit his cause to him that judges righteously. He will not be judge in his own cause, though a wise man, nor avenge himself, though a man of valour; but let the righteous God, who hath said, Vengeance is mine, do both. The God of our fathers look thereon and rebuke it.
(2.)In this appeal observe, [1.] He calls God the God of our fathers, both his fathers and theirs. Thus he reminded them not to deal ill with him; for they were both descendants from the same patriarchs, and both dependents on the same God. Thus he encouraged himself to believe that God would right him if he should be abused; for he was the God of his fathers and therefore a blessing was entailed on him, and a God to all Israel and therefore not only a Judge to all the earth, but particularly concerned in determining controversies between contesting Israelites. [2.] He does not imprecate any fearful judgement upon them, though they should deal treacherously, but very modestly refers his cause to the divine wisdom and justice: The Lord look thereon, and judge as he sees (for he sees men's hearts), and rebuke it. It becomes those that appeal to God to express themselves with great temper and moderation; for the wrath of man works not the righteousness of God.
2.Their hearty closure with him, Ch1 12:18. Amasai was their spokesman, on whom the Spirit of the Lord came, not a spirit of prophecy, but a spirit of wisdom and resolution, according to the occasion, putting words into his mouth, unpremeditated, which were proper both to give David satisfaction and to animate those that accompanied him. Nothing could be said finer, more lively, or more pertinent to the occasion. For himself and all his associates, (1.) He professed a very cordial adherence to David, and his interest, against all that opposed him, and a resolution to stand by him with the hazard of all that was dear to him: Thine are we, David, and on thy side, thou son of Jesse. In calling him son of Jesse they reminded themselves that he was lineally descended from Nahshon and Salmon, who in their days were princes of the tribe of Judah. Saul called him so in disdain (Sa1 20:27; Sa1 22:7), but they looked upon it as his honour. They were convinced that God was on his side; and therefore, Thine are we, David, and on thy side. It is good, if we must side, to side with those that side with God and have God with them. (2.) He wished prosperity to David and his cause, not drinking a health, but praying for peace to him and all his friends and well-wishers: "Peace, peace, be unto thee, all the good thy heart desires, and peace be to thy helpers, among whom we desire to be reckoned, that peace may be on us." (3.) He assured him of help from heaven: "For thy God helpeth thee; therefore we wish peace may be, and therefore we doubt not but peace shall be, to thee and thy helpers. God is thy God, and those that have him for their God no doubt have him for their helper in every time of need and danger." From these expressions of Amasai we may take instruction how to testify our affection and allegiance to the Lord Jesus. His we must be without reservation or power of revocation. On his side we must be forward to appear and act. To his interest we must be hearty well-wishers: "Hosanna! prosperity to his gospel and kingdom;" for his God helpeth him, and will till he shall have put down all opposing rule, principality, and power.
3.David's cheerful acceptance of them into his interest and friendship. Charity and honour teach us to let fall our jealousies as soon as satisfaction is given us: David received them, and preferred them to be captains of the band.
IV. Some of Manasseh likewise joined with him, v. 19. Providence gave them a fair opportunity to do so when he and his men marched through their country upon this occasion. Achish took David with him when he went out to fight with Saul; but the lords of the Philistines obliged him to withdraw. We have the story, Sa1 29:4, etc. In his return some great men of Manasseh, who had no heart to join with Saul against the Philistines struck in with David, and very seasonably, to help him against the band of Amelekites who plundered Ziklag; they were not many, but they were all mighty men and did David good service upon that occasion, 1 Sa. 30. See how Providence provides. David's interest grew strangely just when he had occasion to make use of it, Ch1 12:22. Auxiliary forces flocked in daily, till he had a great host. When the promise comes to the birth, leave it to God to find strength to bring forth.
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SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 12:6 meticulously lists five individuals—Elkanah, Jesiah, Azareel, Joezer, and Jashobeam—who are specifically identified as "the Korhites." This verse is an integral part of a broader catalog detailing the diverse and valiant men who pledged their unwavering loyalty and support to David, joining him during his formative years as a leader, even before he was fully established on the throne of Israel. It powerfully highlights the wide-ranging and divinely orchestrated coalition that formed around God's chosen king, drawing from various tribes and backgrounds, including those with unexpected vocational callings.
CONTEXT
Literary Context: 1 Chronicles 12 provides a comprehensive and detailed account of the various groups and individuals who rallied to David's side during his time of exile and ascent to the throne. The chapter begins by listing warriors from Benjamin (David's own tribe, ironically, as Saul was a Benjamite), then moves to Gadites, Manassites, and finally Levites and Benjamites who came to David at Ziklag. This particular verse, 1 Chronicles 12:6, falls within the section (verses 5-7) that identifies specific Levites who joined David, highlighting their unique skills, such as being "mighty men, helpers of the war." The Chronicler's meticulous emphasis on these detailed lists underscores the divine orchestration of David's rise to power and the broad-based support he garnered from across Israel, culminating in the grand assembly at Hebron where he was crowned king over all Israel (as detailed in 1 Chronicles 12:23-40).
Historical & Cultural Context: The period described in 1 Chronicles 12 is a tumultuous one for David, marked by his persecution by King Saul. David was in a precarious position, often living as an outlaw, yet he was steadily gathering a loyal following. These men, including the Korhites, chose to align themselves with David during a time when such allegiance could be dangerous, demonstrating profound faith in God's anointing upon David. Culturally, the meticulous listing of names and lineages was profoundly significant in ancient Israel, emphasizing tribal identity, family honor, and the importance of individual contributions to national endeavors. The "Korhites" were a Levitical family, traditionally known for their roles in temple service, particularly as musicians and gatekeepers, making their appearance as warriors notable and indicative of a willingness to serve God's chosen leader in any capacity required for the establishment of His kingdom.
Key Themes: The inclusion of this verse within 1 Chronicles 12 contributes significantly to several overarching themes. Firstly, it powerfully illustrates Divine Sovereignty and Orchestration, demonstrating how God meticulously brought together a diverse and capable coalition to support David, ensuring the success of His chosen king. This echoes the broader narrative of God raising up David and establishing his kingdom, as seen in 1 Samuel 16:12-13. Secondly, the specific naming of individuals underscores the theme of Loyalty and Commitment. These men willingly pledged their allegiance to David during a period of uncertainty and danger, reflecting a deep trust in God's plan for David's kingship. Their dedication stands as a testament to unwavering support for God's anointed, a quality highly valued in the ancient Near East and throughout biblical history, as exemplified by figures like Caleb in Numbers 14:24. Finally, the mention of "the Korhites" highlights the Diversity of Gifts and Service. Descendants of Korah were primarily associated with sacred duties, such as music and guarding the temple gates (e.g., 1 Chronicles 26:1). Their participation as warriors demonstrates that God utilizes people from all backgrounds and with varied skills to accomplish His purposes, even in roles seemingly outside their traditional callings, emphasizing that every gift can be consecrated for God's work.
EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
Key Word Analysis
Verse Breakdown
Literary Devices
The Chronicler employs several potent literary devices in this verse and the broader chapter. The most prominent device is Catalog or List, as the entire chapter is dedicated to enumerating the various groups and individuals who joined David. This extensive listing serves to impress upon the reader the overwhelming and diverse support David received, thereby underscoring the legitimacy and divine backing of his kingship. Furthermore, the use of Specificity and Detail in naming individuals and their lineages (like "the Korhites") lends historical verisimilitude and emphasizes the personal sacrifices and contributions made by these men. It elevates their individual acts of loyalty to a significant historical record, transforming a mere list into a testament of faith and commitment. There is also an element of Paradox or Irony in the mention of "the Korhites" as warriors; a family primarily known for sacred, non-military duties (musicians, gatekeepers) is here presented in a martial context. This highlights God's ability to use individuals in unexpected ways, transcending traditional roles to fulfill His purposes, demonstrating the adaptable nature of consecrated service.
THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Chronicles 12:6, by naming specific Korhites among David's warriors, powerfully illustrates God's sovereign hand in raising up leaders and providing them with a diverse, loyal, and capable support base. It underscores the theological truth that God's kingdom work rarely relies on a single individual but rather requires the consecrated efforts of all kinds of people, regardless of their background, traditional vocation, or perceived limitations. The inclusion of those from a lineage with a troubled past (Korah's rebellion) further highlights God's profound grace and His ability to redeem and utilize anyone for His glory, transforming potential liabilities into assets for His kingdom. This verse serves as a powerful reminder that every gift and calling, whether military, musical, or otherwise, can be dedicated to God's purposes, contributing to the flourishing of His people and the establishment of His righteous rule.
REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
This seemingly simple list of names in 1 Chronicles 12:6 offers profound insights for contemporary believers. It reminds us that God's work is rarely accomplished by a single individual, but rather through the collective, diverse, and often unexpected contributions of many. Just as David's kingdom was built upon the loyalty and varied skills of his supporters, so too does the church, the body of Christ, thrive when every member uses their unique gifts, even those that seem unconventional or outside traditional roles. This verse challenges us to recognize the inherent value of every person's contribution, to foster unity amidst diversity, and to be willing to step out of our comfort zones when God calls us to serve in ways we might not have anticipated. It encourages us to be loyal and committed to the spiritual leaders God has placed over us and to the broader mission of His kingdom, trusting that He can use anyone, regardless of their past or perceived limitations, for His glorious and redemptive purposes.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why are "the Korhites" mentioned specifically, given their traditional roles?
Answer: The specific mention of "the Korhites" is highly significant because their lineage was primarily associated with sacred duties within the tabernacle and later the temple, particularly as musicians and gatekeepers (as seen in 1 Chronicles 9:19 and 1 Chronicles 26:1). Their presence among David's warriors highlights their willingness to step outside these traditional roles to serve God's chosen king in a military capacity. It underscores the breadth of support David received and demonstrates God's ability to use diverse individuals, even those from unexpected backgrounds or with specific vocational callings, for His overarching purposes. It also showcases a deep personal commitment to David's cause, transcending their usual duties and illustrating that true service to God's anointed is adaptable.
What was the significance of Korah's lineage, considering his rebellion?
Answer: Korah, a Levite, led a significant rebellion against Moses and Aaron's divinely appointed authority, detailed in Numbers 16, for which he and his direct followers faced immediate divine judgment. However, the biblical text explicitly states that Korah's sons did not perish (Numbers 26:11). This surviving lineage went on to become prominent figures in Israel's worship life, serving as temple gatekeepers and, notably, as composers of several Psalms (e.g., Psalm 42 and Psalm 84). Their inclusion in David's loyal company in 1 Chronicles 12:6 demonstrates God's profound grace and redemptive power, showing that a lineage, despite a rebellious ancestor, can be restored and used mightily for His purposes. It's a powerful testament to God's ability to work through imperfect people and families, bringing about good from challenging histories.
CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The gathering of diverse and loyal individuals around King David in 1 Chronicles 12, including the unexpected Korhites, powerfully foreshadows the ultimate King, Jesus Christ. Just as David, as God's anointed, drew a varied company of followers—from distressed and indebted men at Adullam (1 Samuel 22:2) to valiant warriors and priests—so too does Jesus gather His kingdom from every tribe, tongue, people, and nation (Revelation 7:9). The Korhites, with their background in temple service, represent those who might seem "unlikely" to be warriors, yet they served David's cause. Similarly, Christ calls not only the outwardly religious or traditionally "qualified" but also the marginalized, the broken, and those from troubled pasts, transforming them into His devoted disciples and co-laborers in the gospel (Matthew 9:10-13). Under the New Covenant, all believers are a "royal priesthood" and a "holy nation" (1 Peter 2:9), transcending old vocational or tribal boundaries, empowered by the Holy Spirit to serve Christ with all their diverse gifts for the building up of His church (Ephesians 4:11-13). Our ultimate loyalty is to Christ, the King of kings and Lord of lords (Revelation 19:16), and He enables us to fulfill His purposes, no matter our background or perceived limitations, for the glory of His eternal kingdom.