### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **phōnéō**, represented by `{{G5455}}`, means to emit a sound, whether from an animal, human, or instrument. It is derived from the word for voice, φωνή. By implication, it means to address in words or by name, and is translated as call, crow, or cry. It appears **44 times** across **38 unique verses** in the Bible.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G5455}}` is used in several distinct ways. It signifies a summons or an invitation, as when Jesus **called** the twelve [[Mark 9:35]] or when a person is warned not to **call** their rich neighbors to a supper [[Luke 14:12]]. It is also used to describe a cry of distress or great emotion, such as when the rich man **cried** out from torment [[Luke 16:24]] or when Jesus **cried** with a loud voice on the cross [[Luke 23:46]]. A very specific use is for the crowing of a cock, which marks the fulfillment of Jesus's prophecy regarding Peter's denial [[Matthew 26:74]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the meaning of `{{G5455}}`:
* `{{G2564}}` **kaléō** (to "call"): Akin to the base of κελεύω; to "call" (properly, aloud, but used in a variety of applications, directly or otherwise):--bid, call (forth), (whose, whose sur-)name (was (called)). This word is used for bidding guests to a dinner or supper [[Luke 14:12]].
* `{{G5456}}` **phōnḗ** (voice): Probably akin to φαίνω through the idea of disclosure; a tone (articulate, bestial or artificial); by implication, an address (for any purpose), saying or language:--noise, sound, voice. As the root of `{{G5455}}`, this word often appears alongside it, as when Jesus had **cried** with a loud **voice** [[Luke 23:46]].
* `{{G220}}` **aléktōr** (cock): From (to ward off); a cock or male fowl:--cock. This word is the subject of the action when `{{G5455}}` is used to mean "crow," particularly in the accounts of Peter's denial [[John 18:27]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G5455}}` is demonstrated in its various applications.
* **Divine Authority and Summons:** The word is used to show Christ's authority when he **calls** his disciples [[Mark 9:35]], **calls** the blind man to be healed [[Mark 10:49]], and even **calls** Lazarus from the grave [[John 12:17]]. An angel also **cried** with a loud cry, issuing a divine command [[Revelation 14:18]].
* **Human Petition and Anguish:** `{{G5455}}` captures the desperation of humanity, from the rich man who **cried** for mercy [[Luke 16:24]] to Jesus's final **cry** from the cross as he commends his spirit to the Father [[Luke 23:46]].
* **Prophetic Fulfillment:** The repeated use of `{{G5455}}` to describe a cock crowing serves as the fulfillment of a direct prophecy from Jesus about Peter's denial, a pivotal moment of failure and future restoration ([[Matthew 26:75]], [[Luke 22:61]]).
### Summary
In summary, `{{G5455}}` is a versatile word that conveys more than just making a sound. It ranges from an animal's crow to a human cry of desperation and a divine call of authority. It is used to describe acts of summoning, inviting, and crying out, and it plays a key role in some of the most dramatic moments in the Gospels, including Peter's denial and the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
TRV