from σύν and the base of τρίβος; to crush completely, i.e. to shatter (literally or figuratively):--break (in pieces), broken to shivers (+ -hearted), bruise.
### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Greek word **syntríbō**, represented by `{{G4937}}`, means **to crush completely** or **shatter**. Derived from σύν and the base of τρίβος, its definition encompasses both literal and figurative destruction, translated as to break in pieces, bruise, or break to shivers. It appears **9 times** across **8 unique verses** in the Bible, illustrating its application to both physical objects and profound spiritual states.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{G4937}}` is used to describe acts of both violent force and gentle restraint. Literally, it depicts the shattering of an alabaster box of ointment [[Mark 14:3]] and the breaking of fetters by a man of superhuman strength [[Mark 5:4]]. Figuratively, it conveys the depth of emotional pain in the term "brokenhearted," whom Jesus is sent to heal [[Luke 4:18]]. It is also used prophetically, stating that a bone of the Messiah would not be "broken" [[John 19:36]] and that God will ultimately "bruise" Satan under the feet of believers [[Romans 16:20]].
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words provide a fuller context for the concept of breaking or crushing:
* `{{G1288}}` **diaspáō** (to draw apart, i.e. sever or dismember): This word is used with `{{G4937}}` in describing the demon-possessed man who had "plucked asunder" the chains and "broken in pieces" the fetters [[Mark 5:4]].
* `{{G2352}}` **thraúō** (to crush): This term appears in Luke's description of Jesus's mission, where He is sent to set at liberty those who are "bruised," connecting physical or spiritual oppression with the state of being "brokenhearted" [[Luke 4:18]].
* `{{G2608}}` **katágnymi** (to rend in pieces, i.e. crack apart): This word is contrasted with the Messiah's gentleness, who will not "break" a reed that is already "bruised" [[Matthew 12:20]]. It is also the word used for the physical breaking of legs on the cross [[John 19:32]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{G4937}}` is significant, highlighting key aspects of Christ's mission and God's power.
* **Messianic Gentleness:** The word defines the Messiah's character. He does not add to suffering by breaking a "bruised" reed, but instead comes specifically to heal the "brokenhearted," showing compassion for the weak and vulnerable ([[Matthew 12:20]], [[Luke 4:18]]).
* **Divine Judgment:** `{{G4937}}` illustrates God's ultimate authority and power. He promises believers that He will "bruise" Satan under their feet, signifying total victory over evil [[Romans 16:20]]. This power is also seen in the warning that nations will be "broken to shivers" like a potter's vessel [[Revelation 2:27]].
* **Prophetic Fulfillment:** The word is crucial in a prophecy concerning the crucifixion. The fact that not a bone of Jesus would be "broken" distinguishes his death and fulfills the scriptural requirement for the sacrificial lamb [[John 19:36]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{G4937}}` is a powerful word that conveys more than simple physical action. It encapsulates a spectrum from violent destruction to the deepest emotional suffering. Through this word, scripture reveals the dual nature of God's work: the power to shatter his enemies and the tenderness to heal those who are crushed in spirit, all culminating in the person of a Messiah who endures being bruised for others without being broken himself.
TRV