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Translation
King James Version
¶ When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
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KJV (with Strong's)
When I consider H7200 thy heavens H8064, the work H4639 of thy fingers H676, the moon H3394 and the stars H3556, which thou hast ordained H3559;
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Complete Jewish Bible
When I look at your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and stars that you set in place -
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Berean Standard Bible
When I behold Your heavens, the work of Your fingers, the moon and the stars, which You have set in place—
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American Standard Version
When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, The moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained;
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World English Bible Messianic
When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have ordained;
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Geneva Bible (1599)
When I beholde thine heauens, euen the workes of thy fingers, the moone and the starres which thou hast ordeined,
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Young's Literal Translation
For I see Thy heavens, a work of Thy fingers, Moon and stars that Thou didst establish.
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Study This Verse

SUMMARY

The psalmist in Psalms 8:3 expresses profound awe and worship as he contemplates the night sky. He observes the vast heavens, the moon, and the stars, not as random cosmic phenomena, but as the intricate and deliberate "work of thy fingers," meticulously "ordained" by God. This reflective consideration of the cosmos, a powerful testament to divine power, precision, and artistry, serves as the foundational backdrop for the psalm's central theological inquiry: the astonishing dignity and significance God sovereignly bestows upon humanity, despite the overwhelming grandeur of His creation.

CONTEXT

  • Literary Context: Psalms 8 is a magnificent hymn of praise, often categorized as a wisdom psalm, which marvels at the dual revelation of God's glory in both creation and humanity. The psalm commences with a resounding declaration of God's glorious name, echoing "O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!" (Psalms 8:1). Verse 3 acts as a pivotal transition, shifting the psalmist's focus from God's general, transcendent majesty to a specific, intimate contemplation of the celestial realm. This detailed observation of "thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars" directly precedes the psalmist's astonished, almost incredulous question in Psalms 8:4, "What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him?" The overwhelming grandeur of creation thus provides the dramatic and humbling backdrop against which humanity's surprising, divinely ordained dignity is highlighted, culminating in a powerful reaffirmation of God's glorious name at the psalm's conclusion in Psalms 8:9.
  • Historical & Cultural Context: Attributed to King David, Psalms 8 emerges from an ancient Israelite worldview profoundly shaped by direct, unadulterated observation of the natural world. In a pre-industrial society devoid of light pollution, the night sky was an omnipresent, breathtaking, and awe-inspiring spectacle, far more visible and impactful than it is for most modern observers. Crucially, unlike the polytheistic cosmologies prevalent in surrounding Ancient Near Eastern (ANE) cultures, which often deified celestial bodies or attributed their existence to various deities and cosmic battles, the Israelite perspective, as articulated here, firmly asserts a singular, sovereign God as the sole Creator and Ordainer of the cosmos. The vivid imagery of "fingers" and the concept of "ordained" convey a deeply personal, intentional, and orderly act of creation, emphasizing God's intimate involvement and meticulous design, rather than a distant, chaotic, or impersonal process. This monotheistic framework provides a unique lens through which to interpret the universe's origin and ongoing maintenance.
  • Key Themes: This verse contributes significantly to several overarching themes within Psalms 8 and the broader biblical narrative. It powerfully illustrates Divine Majesty and Transcendence, showcasing God's infinite power, glory, and creative capacity through the sheer scale, beauty, and intricate design of the universe. The evocative phrase "work of thy fingers" highlights God's Immanence and Personal Involvement in creation, suggesting meticulous craftsmanship and an intimate connection to His handiwork, sharply contrasting with a deistic view of a detached creator. The explicit mention of the "moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained" underscores Order, Design, and Divine Sovereignty in the cosmos, reflecting a universe governed by divine wisdom, purpose, and consistent laws, rather than by chaos or chance. This profound contemplation of the heavens inherently cultivates Humility and Awe in the observer, setting the stage for the subsequent theological reflection on humanity's unique and surprising place in God's grand design, a theme further developed in Psalms 8:5-8. Indeed, the heavens themselves "declare the glory of God; and the firmament sheweth his handywork" as magnificently articulated in Psalms 19:1.

EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

Key Word Analysis

  • Consider (Hebrew, rāʾāh', H7200): This verb signifies more than a mere glance; it implies a deep, reflective observation, a thoughtful contemplation, or a discerning understanding. The psalmist is not casually looking at the sky but engaging in a meditative act, allowing the grandeur of creation to impress upon his soul and lead him to profound theological insight, truly "seeing" with spiritual perception.
  • Fingers (Hebrew, ʾeṣbaʿ', H676): This striking anthropomorphism attributes human body parts to God. While God's voice can speak creation into being (e.g., Genesis 1), the imagery of "fingers" emphasizes precision, artistry, and delicate craftsmanship. It suggests an intimate, personal, and meticulous involvement in the intricate details of the cosmos, rather than a distant or impersonal act of raw power.
  • Ordained (Hebrew, kûn', H3559): This verb carries the sense of establishing, fixing, preparing, setting in order, or rendering sure. It conveys the idea of divine permanence, purposeful arrangement, and ongoing maintenance. The moon and stars are not random or chaotic; they are divinely placed, set in their courses, and sustained by God's decree, reflecting His wisdom and sovereign control over creation.

Verse Breakdown

  • "When I consider thy heavens": The verse opens with the psalmist's personal, deliberate, and reflective act of observation. The phrase "thy heavens" immediately attributes ownership and sovereignty over the vast celestial expanse—encompassing both the visible sky and the entire universe—to God. This contemplative act is the profound catalyst for the psalmist's subsequent wonder and theological inquiry.
  • "the work of thy fingers": This deeply poetic and anthropomorphic phrase attributes the entire celestial realm to God's direct, personal, and artistic craftsmanship. It powerfully emphasizes the intricate detail, deliberate design, and meticulous care inherent in the cosmos, portraying God not merely as an omnipotent creator but as a master artisan who shapes and arranges His creation with intimate precision and loving attention.
  • "the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained": These specific celestial bodies are presented as prime, tangible examples of God's creative power and ordering wisdom within the broader "heavens." The concluding clause, "which thou hast ordained," profoundly underscores their purposeful placement, stable existence, and ongoing function according to divine decree. It speaks to the cosmic order, the consistent natural laws that govern the universe, and the unwavering divine wisdom that established and continues to maintain them.

Literary Devices

Psalms 8:3 is rich with powerful literary devices that enhance its theological impact. Anthropomorphism is prominently featured in the phrase "the work of thy fingers," attributing human physical action (the act of working with fingers) to God. This device makes God's creative act relatable and emphasizes His personal involvement, meticulous craftsmanship, and intimate care in shaping the cosmos. The mention of "the moon and the stars" functions as a merism, a rhetorical device where two contrasting or complementary parts represent the whole; here, they represent the entirety of the night sky or all celestial bodies, thereby encompassing the vastness and completeness of God's cosmic creation. The overall tone of the verse is deeply hymnic and contemplative, characteristic of a psalm of praise that moves from an initial observation of divine grandeur to a posture of adoration and profound theological reflection. Furthermore, the structure of the verse, progressing from the general "heavens" to the specific "moon and stars," demonstrates a focused progression in the psalmist's observation, leading to a deeper and more specific appreciation of divine order and intentionality.

THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS

Psalms 8:3 profoundly articulates the theological truth that God's glory, infinite power, and intricate wisdom are visibly and universally revealed in His creation. The heavens serve as an undeniable, accessible witness to His existence and attributes, speaking a silent yet powerful testimony to all humanity. This grand revelation naturally evokes a response of awe, wonder, and humility, reminding humanity of the Creator-creature distinction and setting the stage for understanding humanity's unique, divinely appointed place within this majestic cosmic design. The inherent order, beauty, and consistent laws observed in the cosmos powerfully point to a purposeful, intelligent Creator, countering any notion of a chaotic, random, or impersonal universe.

REFLECTION AND APPLICATION

In a modern world increasingly saturated with artificial light, digital distractions, and the clamor of daily life, Psalms 8:3 serves as a timeless and urgent invitation to pause, look up, and truly "consider" the heavens. This intentional act of observation is not merely scientific curiosity or aesthetic appreciation but a profound spiritual discipline that reorients our perspective. It fosters deep humility, reminding us of our finite place within an infinite cosmos, yet simultaneously builds unshakeable faith in a God whose meticulous "fingers" orchestrate such grandeur and order. If God meticulously "ordained" the vast moon and stars with such precision, care, and ongoing sustenance, how much more does He care for humanity, the crown of His creation, made in His image? Engaging deeply with the natural world, particularly the silent majesty of the night sky, can re-awaken a profound sense of wonder, deepen our worship, and reinforce our trust in a Creator who is both infinitely powerful and intimately involved in every detail of His creation, including our individual lives. This perspective cultivates a greater sense of security, purpose, and peace, knowing we are part of a divinely ordered reality, sustained by the very same hand that hung the stars.

Questions for Reflection

  • How often do you intentionally pause to "consider" God's creation, especially the night sky, as a deliberate act of worship and spiritual reflection?
  • What specific aspect of the natural world most powerfully reminds you of God's "fingers" at work, revealing His meticulous craftsmanship and personal involvement?
  • How does contemplating the vastness, order, and beauty of the universe impact your understanding of God's personal care and attention for you, His beloved creation?
  • In what practical ways can we cultivate a greater sense of awe and wonder in our daily lives, even amidst the demands of our busy schedules and the distractions of the modern world?

FAQ

Question: Why does the psalmist specifically mention "fingers" rather than a more powerful image like "hands" or "voice" when describing God's creative work?

Answer: The choice of "fingers" is a deliberate and poignant anthropomorphism that emphasizes not just raw power, but precision, artistry, and intimate involvement. While God's "voice" (e.g., Genesis 1) speaks creation into being, conveying His authoritative command and boundless power, "fingers" suggests meticulous detail, delicate craftsmanship, and personal care. It portrays God as a master artisan, carefully shaping and arranging the cosmos, from the grand movements of celestial bodies to the intricate details of their design and function. This imagery highlights God's personal investment in His handiwork, making His creative act feel more immediate, intentional, and profoundly artistic.

Question: How does "ordained" relate to scientific understanding of the universe?

Answer: The Hebrew word for "ordained" (kûn) implies establishment, setting in order, fixing, and maintaining. From a theological perspective, this concept does not contradict scientific understanding of natural laws; rather, it provides the ultimate framework and origin for them. The consistent laws of physics, the predictable orbits of celestial bodies, and the intricate fine-tuning of the universe, which science meticulously describes and observes, are seen biblically as direct reflections of the purposeful, ongoing decree and sustenance of a divine Creator. Science describes how the universe operates and the mechanisms by which it functions, while theology, informed by passages like Psalms 8:3, explains who established and consistently maintains that order, providing the ultimate reason for its existence and coherence. The profound order and reliability observed in the cosmos are thus a testament to God's deliberate "ordaining."

CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT

Psalms 8:3, with its profound contemplation of God's majestic creative work in the heavens, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in the person of Jesus Christ. The New Testament unequivocally reveals that Jesus is not merely a part of creation, but He is the very agent through whom all things were brought into existence and by whom they are continually sustained. He is the "work of God's fingers" made manifest, the very wisdom and power of God incarnate. The same divine wisdom that "ordained" the stars and set them in their courses is perfectly embodied in Christ, through whom "all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him" (Colossians 1:16). Furthermore, the book of Hebrews powerfully declares that Christ is "the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power" (Hebrews 1:3). Thus, when we "consider" the heavens, we are not just seeing God's general creative power, but we are glimpsing the glory of the One who is "the Alpha and the Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the end" (Revelation 22:13), the one through whom all creation holds together and finds its ultimate purpose and coherence. He is the divine orchestrator of the cosmos, the very "ordainer" of all that exists.

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Commentary on Psalms 8 verses 3–9

I. II. Main points1. 2. Sub-points

David here goes on to magnify the honour of God by recounting the honours he has put upon man, especially the man Christ Jesus. The condescensions of the divine grace call for our praises as much as the elevations of the divine glory. How God has condescended in favour to man the psalmist here observes with wonder and thankfulness, and recommends it to our thoughts. See here,

I. What it is that leads him to admire the condescending favour of God to man; it is his consideration of the lustre and influence of the heavenly bodies, which are within the view of sense (Psa 8:3): I consider thy heavens, and there, particularly, the moon and the stars. But why does he not take notice of the sun, which much excels them all? Probably because it was in a night-walk, but moon-light, that he entertained and instructed himself with this meditation, when the sun was not within view, but only the moon and the stars, which, though they are not altogether so serviceable to man as the sun is, yet are no less demonstrations of the wisdom, power, and goodness of the Creator. Observe, 1. It is our duty to consider the heavens. We see them, we cannot but see them. By this, among other things, man is distinguished from the beasts, that, while they are so framed as to look downwards to the earth, man is made erect to look upwards towards heaven. Os homini sublime dedit, coelumque tueri jussit - To man he gave an erect countenance, and bade him gaze on the heavens, that thus he may be directed to set his affections on things above; for what we see has not its due influence upon us unless we consider it. 2. We must always consider the heavens as God's heavens, not only as all the world is his, even the earth and the fulness thereof, but in a more peculiar manner. The heavens, even the heavens, are the Lord's (Psa 115:16); they are the place of the residence of his glory and we are taught to call him Our Father in heaven. 3. They are therefore his, because they are the work of his fingers. He made them; he made them easily. The stretching out of the heavens needed not any outstretched arm; it was done with a word; it was but the work of his fingers. He made them with very great curiosity and fineness, like a nice piece of work which the artist makes with his fingers. 4. Even the inferior lights, the moon and stars, show the glory and power of the Father of lights, and furnish us with matter for praise. 5. The heavenly bodies are not only the creatures of the divine power, but subject to the divine government. God not only made them, but ordained them, and the ordinances of heaven can never be altered. But how does this come in here to magnify God's favour to man? (1.) When we consider how the glory of God shines in the upper world we may well wonder that he should take cognizance of such a mean creature as man, that he who resides in that bright and blessed part of the creation, and governs it, should humble himself to behold the things done upon this earth; see Psa 113:5, Psa 113:6. (2.) When we consider of what great use the heavens are to men on earth, and how the lights of heavens are divided unto all nations (Duet. 4:19, Gen 1:15), we may well say, "Lord, what is man that thou shouldst settle the ordinances of heaven with an eye to him and to his benefit, and that his comfort and convenience should be so consulted in the making of the lights of heaven and directing their motions!"

II. How he expresses this admiration (Psa 8:4): "Lord, what is man (enosh, sinful, weak, miserable man, a creature so forgetful of thee and his duty to thee) that thou art thus mindful of him, that thou takest cognizance of him and of his actions and affairs, that in the making of the world thou hadst a respect to him! What is the son of man, that thou visitest him, that thou not only feedest him and clothest him, protectest him and providest for him, in common with other creatures, but visited him as one friend visits another, art pleased to converse with him and concern thyself for him! What is man - (so mean a creature), that he should be thus honoured - (so sinful a creature), that he should be thus countenanced and favoured!" Now this refers,

1.To mankind in general. Though man is a worm, and the son of man is a worm (Job 25:6), yet God puts a respect upon him, and shows him abundance of kindness; man is, above all the creatures in this lower world, the favourite and darling of Providence. For, (1.) He is of a very honourable rank of beings. We may be sure he takes precedence of all the inhabitants of this lower world, for he is made but a little lower than the angels (Psa 8:5), lower indeed, because by his body he is allied to the earth and to the beasts that perish, and yet by his soul, which is spiritual and immortal, he is so near akin to the holy angels that he may be truly said to be but a little lower than they, and is, in order, next to them. He is but for a little while lower than the angels, while his great soul is cooped up in a house of clay, but the children of the resurrection shall be isangeloi - angels' peers (Luk 20:36) and no longer lower than they. (2.) He is endued with noble faculties and capacities: Thou hast crowned him with glory and honour. He that gave him his being has distinguished him, and qualified him for a dominion over the inferior creatures; for, having made him wiser than the beasts of the earth and the fowls of heaven (Job 35:11), he has made him fit to rule them and it is fit that they should be ruled by him. Man's reason is his crown of glory; let him not profane that crown by disturbing the use of it nor forfeit that crown by acting contrary to its dictates. (3.) He is invested with a sovereign dominion over the inferior creatures, under God, and is constituted their lord. He that made them, and knows them, and whose own they are, has made man to have dominion over them, Psa 8:6. His charter, by which he holds this royalty, bears equal date with his creation (Gen 1:28) and was renewed after the flood, Gen 9:2. God has put all things under man's feet, that he might serve himself, not only of the labour, but of the productions and lives of the inferior creatures; they are all delivered into his hand, nay, they are all put under his feet. He specifies some of the inferior animals (Psa 8:7, Psa 8:8), not only sheep and oxen, which man takes care of and provides for, but the beasts of the field, as well as those of the flood, yea, and those creatures which are most at a distance from man, as the fowl of the air, yea, and the fish of the sea, which live in another element and pass unseen through the paths of the seas. Man has arts to take these; though many of them are much stronger and many of them much swifter than he, yet, one way or other, he is too hard for them, Jam 3:7. Every kind of beasts, and birds, and things in the sea, is tamed, and has been tamed. He has likewise liberty to use them as he has occasion. Rise, Peter, kill and eat, Act 10:13. Every time we partake of fish or of fowl we realize this dominion which man has over the works of God's hands; and this is a reason for our subjection to God, our chief Lord, and to his dominion over us.

2.But this refers, in a particular manner, to Jesus Christ. Of him we are taught to expound it, Heb 2:6-8, where the apostle, to prove the sovereign dominion of Christ both in heaven and in earth, shows that he is that man, that son of man, here spoken of, whom God has crowned with glory and honour and made to have dominion over the works of his hands. And it is certain that the greatest favour that ever was shown to the human race, and the greatest honour that ever was put upon the human nature, were exemplified in the incarnation and exaltation of the Lord Jesus; these far exceed the favours and honours done us by creation and providence, though they also are great and far more than we deserve. We have reason humbly to value ourselves by it and thankfully to admire the grace of God in it, (1.) That Jesus Christ assumed the nature of man, and, in that nature, humbled himself. He became the Son of man, a partaker of flesh and blood; being so, God visited him, which some apply to his sufferings for us, for it is said (Heb 2:9), For the suffering of death, a visitation in wrath, he was crowned with glory and honour. God visited him; having laid upon him the iniquity of us all, he reckoned with him for it, visited him with a rod and with stripes, that we by them might be healed. He was, for a little while (so the apostle interprets it), made lower than the angels, when he took upon him the form of a servant and made himself of no reputation. (2.) That, in that nature, he is exalted to be Lord of all. God the Father exalted him, because he had humbled himself, crowned him with glory and honour, the glory which he had with him before the worlds were, set not only the head of the church, but head over all things to the church, and gave all things into his hand, entrusted him with the administration of the kingdom of providence in conjunction with and subserviency to the kingdom of grace. All the creatures are put under his feet; and, even in the days of his flesh, he gave some specimens of his power over them, as when he commanded the winds and the seas, and appointed a fish to pay his tribute. With good reason therefore does the psalmist conclude as he began, Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth, which has been honoured with the presence of the Redeemer, and is still enlightened by his gospel and governed by his wisdom and power!

In singing this and praying it over, though we must not forget to acknowledge, with suitable affections, God's common favours to mankind, particularly in the serviceableness of the inferior creatures to us, yet we must especially set ourselves to give glory to our Lord Jesus, by confessing that he is Lord, submitting to him as our Lord, and waiting till we see all things put under him and all his enemies made his footstool.

Matthew Henry (1662–1714) — Commentary on the Whole Bible. This section covers verses 3–9. Public domain.
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Clement of AlexandriaAD 215
Exhortation to the Heathen
But how shall I tell what God makes? Behold the whole universe; it is His work: and the heaven, and the sun, and angels, and men, are the works of His fingers. How great is the power of God! His bare volition was the creation of the universe. For God alone made it, because He alone is truly God. By the bare exercise of volition He creates; His mere willing was followed by the springing into being of what He willed. Consequently the choir of philosophers are in error, who indeed most nobly confess that man was made for the contemplation of the heavens, but who worship the objects that appear in the heavens and are apprehended by sight. For if the heavenly bodies are not the works of men, they were certainly created for man. Let none of you worship the sun, but set his desires on the Maker of the sun; nor deify the universe, but seek after the Creator of the universe.
Eusebius of CaesareaAD 339
COMMENTARY ON PSALMS 8:4-5
You are mindful of man, and you have concern for him because you did not make him as if he were a small and worthless animal, but he is worthy of so much honor that he is celebrated with hymns from the mouths of infants and sucklings.
Cyril of JerusalemAD 386
Catechetical Lecture 4:5
Now this Father of our Lord Jesus Christ is not circumscribed to some place, nor is there heaven beyond him, but “the heavens are the work of his fingers,” and “the whole earth is holden in the hollow of his hand.” He is in everything, and yet nothing contains him. Do not imagine that God is smaller than the sun or that he is as large as the sun. For, as he made the sun, he must have been already incomparably greater than the sun and more resplendent with light. He knows what is to come, and nothing equals him in power. He knows everything and does as he wills. He is not subject to any law of sequence, or genesis, or fortune or fate. He is perfect by every measure. He possesses unchangeably every kind of virtue, never less and never more, but ever in the same degree and manner.
Gregory of NazianzusAD 390
ON THEOLOGY, THEOLOGICAL ORATION 2(28).6
Our very eyes and the law of nature teach us that God exists and that he is the efficient and maintaining cause of all things: our eyes, because they fall on visible objects and see them in beautiful stability and progress, immovably moving and revolving, if I may so say; natural law, because through these visible things and their order it reasons back to their author. For how could this universe have come into being or been put together unless God had called it into existence and held it together? For everyone who sees a beautifully made lute and considers the skill with which it has been fitted together and arranged, or who hears its melody, would think of none but the lutemaker or the luteplayer, and would recur to him in mind, though he might not know him by sight. And thus to us also is manifested that which made and moves and preserves all created things, even though he is not comprehended by the mind.
Gregory of NazianzusAD 390
CAESARIUS, ORATION 7:23
Would that I might mortify my members that are on the earth! Would that I might spend all for the spirit, walking in the way that is narrow and trodden by few, not the way that is broad and easy! For what comes after this life is splendid and great, and our hope is greater than our worth. “What is man that you are mindful of him?” What is this new mystery concerning me? I am small and great, lowly and exalted, mortal and immortal, earthly and heavenly. I am connected with the world below, and likewise with God; I am connected with the flesh, and likewise with the spirit. I must be buried with Christ, rise with Christ, be joint heir with Christ, become the Son of God, even God himself. ON HIS BROTHER ST.
John ChrysostomAD 407
COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 8:6
And why did he not say “your hands” instead of “your fingers”? To show that visible things are a work requiring the least power, and the extraordinary aspect of creation, namely, that the stars hang there without falling; at any rate, though the very nature of the foundations required, not that they be suspended above but lie below, still the excellent Architect and Creator produced a surprise in making most of the visible things surpass the logic of nature.
John ChrysostomAD 407
COMMENTARY ON THE PSALMS 8:6-7
“What is it about human beings?” … Taking full account of such marvelous care and such wonderful providence on God’s part, and the arrangements he put in place for the salvation of the human race, [the psalmist] is struck with complete wonder and amazement as to why on earth God considered them worthy of attention. Consider, after all, that all the visible things were for their sake. For them the design implemented from the time of Adam up to his coming; for them paradise, commandments, punishments, miracles, retribution, kindnesses after the Law; for them the Son of God became human. What could anyone say of the future they are intended to enjoy? So all those things are going through his mind when he says, to be thought worthy of such wonderful privileges, what must the human being be? I mean, if you consider what was done and is being done for their sake, and what they will enjoy afterwards, you will be stricken with awe, and then you will see clearly how this being is an object of such attention on God’s part.
JeromeAD 420
HOMILY ON PSALM 143
The psalmist is speaking here of the frailty of the body and of human weakness, and what does he say? If you consider his flesh, what is a person? If you consider his spirit, he is noble. Let us by no means scorn the flesh, but let us reject its works. Let us not despise the body that will reign in heaven with Christ. “Flesh and blood can obtain no part in the kingdom of God”; no, not flesh and blood of themselves, but the works of the flesh. “Flesh and blood can obtain no part in the kingdom of God.” How, then, are they going to reign together with Christ; how shall we be seated together in heaven in Christ?
Augustine of HippoAD 430
Exposition on Psalm 8
"For I shall see Your heavens, the works of Your fingers" [Psalm 8:3]. We read that the law was written with the finger of God, and given through Moses, His holy servant: by which finger of God many understand the Holy Ghost. Wherefore if, by the fingers of God, we are right in understanding these same ministers filled with the Holy Ghost, by reason of this same Spirit which works in them, since by them all holy Scripture has been completed for us; we understand consistently with this, that, in this place, the books of both Testaments are called "the heavens." Now it is said too of Moses himself, by the magicians of king Pharaoh, when they were conquered by him, "This is the finger of God." [Exodus 8:19] And what is written, "The heavens shall be rolled up as a book." Although it be said of this æthereal heaven, yet naturally, according to the same image, the heavens of books are named by allegory. "For I shall see," he says, "the heavens, the works of Your fingers:" that is, I shall discern and understand the Scriptures, which You, by the operation of the Holy Ghost, hast written by Your ministers.
John DamasceneAD 749
ORTHODOX FAITH 2:7
By saying “founded” he meant the stability and immutability of the order and succession given them by God.
Source: Quotations drawn from early Church Fathers and historical Christian theologians (AD 100–1500). Some quotes address the surrounding passage context rather than this verse alone.
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