23:20 23:20

Proverbs 23:21

23:22 23:22

Bible Versions

For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsiness shall clothe [a man] with rags.
For the drunkard {H5433} and the glutton {H2151} shall come to poverty {H3423}: and drowsiness {H5124} shall clothe {H3847} a man with rags {H7168}.
for both drunkard and glutton will become poor -drowsiness will clothe them with rags
For the drunkard and the glutton will come to poverty, and drowsiness will clothe them in rags.
For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty; And drowsiness will clothea manwith rags.

Proverbs 23:21 delivers a stark warning about the destructive consequences of unchecked indulgence and idleness, emphasizing how such behaviors lead to financial ruin and personal degradation.

Context

This verse is part of a larger section in the Book of Proverbs (chapters 22-24) known as the "Sayings of the Wise," which offers practical wisdom for daily living. Specifically, verses 19-21 of chapter 23 advise listeners to be wise, to guide their hearts in the way, and to avoid association with gluttons and drunkards. The proverb functions as a clear cause-and-effect statement, characteristic of wisdom literature, highlighting the direct link between poor choices and negative outcomes. It underscores the importance of self-control and diligence, contrasting them with the folly of excess and sloth.

Key Themes

  • Consequences of Indulgence: The verse directly links habitual drunkenness and gluttony to financial ruin and destitution. This isn't merely a moral condemnation but a practical warning about the economic hardship that arises from wasteful living and lack of discipline.
  • Peril of Idleness: "Drowsiness" here signifies not just physical sleepiness but a deeper state of lethargy, laziness, and lack of ambition. This spiritual and mental sloth prevents productive work and responsible living, ultimately leading to neglect and poverty, symbolized by being "clothed with rags." This theme is echoed throughout Proverbs, such as in Proverbs 6:11, where poverty overtakes the sluggard like an armed man.
  • Stewardship and Discipline: Implicit in the warning is a call to responsible stewardship of one's resources, time, and body. The verse advocates for self-discipline as a pathway to stability and prosperity, contrasting it with the path of indulgence that leads to want.

Linguistic Insights

  • The Hebrew word for "drunkard," sōḇē (סֹבֵא), refers to one who drinks to excess, often habitually.
  • "Glutton," zōlēl (זוֹלֵל), carries a connotation of being wasteful or profligate, not just overeating, but squandering resources through excessive consumption. This term also appears in Deuteronomy 21:20 describing a rebellious son.
  • "Poverty," reysh (רֵישׁ), denotes destitution or want, a state of being utterly without.
  • "Drowsiness," nūmāh (נוּמָה), signifies a state of slumber or stupor, implying a lack of vigilance and diligence necessary for productive living.
  • "Rags," qerā‘īm (קְרָעִים), literally means torn or tattered garments, a vivid image of extreme poverty and neglect.

Practical Application

Proverbs 23:21 remains highly relevant today, offering timeless wisdom for financial prudence and personal well-being:

  • Financial Responsibility: The verse serves as a powerful reminder to avoid excessive spending, especially on fleeting pleasures like alcohol or lavish food, which can quickly deplete resources and lead to debt or poverty. It encourages budgeting and saving.
  • Work Ethic: It highlights the importance of diligence and avoiding laziness. In an age of distractions, the warning against "drowsiness" reminds us to be productive, engaged, and responsible in our work and duties.
  • Self-Control: Beyond just food and drink, the principle extends to all areas of life where excess or lack of discipline can lead to negative outcomes. This aligns with the biblical call for believers to exhibit self-control as a fruit of the Spirit.
  • Holistic Well-being: The passage implicitly connects physical habits (eating, drinking) and mental states (drowsiness/idleness) to overall life outcomes, emphasizing that true wisdom encompasses a disciplined approach to all aspects of living.

Reflection

This proverb is a clear and direct warning from ancient wisdom literature that timelessly applies to modern life. It teaches that our choices, particularly regarding self-discipline and diligence, have tangible consequences that impact our financial stability and personal dignity. By embracing moderation and a strong work ethic, individuals can avoid the pitfalls of poverty and neglect, fostering a life of greater stability and purpose, in line with God's design for flourishing.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

  • Proverbs 21:17

    ¶ He that loveth pleasure [shall be] a poor man: he that loveth wine and oil shall not be rich.

  • Proverbs 6:9

    How long wilt thou sleep, O sluggard? when wilt thou arise out of thy sleep?

  • Proverbs 6:11

    So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man.

  • 1 Corinthians 5:11

    But now I have written unto you not to keep company, if any man that is called a brother be a fornicator, or covetous, or an idolater, or a railer, or a drunkard, or an extortioner; with such an one no not to eat.

  • Galatians 5:21

    Envyings, murders, drunkenness, revellings, and such like: of the which I tell you before, as I have also told [you] in time past, that they which do such things shall not inherit the kingdom of God.

  • Proverbs 19:15

    ¶ Slothfulness casteth into a deep sleep; and an idle soul shall suffer hunger.

  • Deuteronomy 21:20

    And they shall say unto the elders of his city, This our son [is] stubborn and rebellious, he will not obey our voice; [he is] a glutton, and a drunkard.
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