Numbers 33:8

KJV

And they departed from before Pihahiroth, and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness, and went three days' journey in the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in Marah.

KJV (with Strong's)

And they departed {H5265} from before {H6440} Pihahiroth {H6367}, and passed through {H5674} the midst {H8432} of the sea {H3220} into the wilderness {H4057}, and went {H3212} three {H7969} days {H3117}' journey {H1870} in the wilderness {H4057} of Etham {H864}, and pitched {H2583} in Marah {H4785}.

Complete Jewish Bible

They moved on from P'nei-Hachirot, passed through the sea to the desert, continued three days' journey into the Etam Desert and camped at Marah.

Berean Standard Bible

They set out from Pi-hahiroth and crossed through the sea, into the wilderness, and they journeyed three days into the Wilderness of Etham and camped at Marah.

American Standard Version

And they journeyed from before Hahiroth, and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness: and they went three days’ journey in the wilderness of Etham, and encamped in Marah.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Numbers 33:8 meticulously chronicles a crucial segment of Israel's post-Exodus journey: their departure from Pihahiroth, the miraculous passage through the Red Sea, and their subsequent three-day trek into the Wilderness of Etham, culminating in their encampment at Marah. This verse not only provides precise geographical and chronological details but also signifies the profound transition from a moment of overwhelming divine deliverance into an immediate period of testing and the commencement of their prolonged wilderness wandering, underscoring God's precise and purposeful guidance even into challenging environments.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Numbers 33 serves as a comprehensive and highly detailed itinerary of the Israelite journey from their departure from Rameses in Egypt to their arrival on the plains of Moab, encompassing forty years and listing forty-two distinct encampments. This chapter functions as a divinely inspired historical record, emphasizing God's meticulous guidance, faithfulness, and sovereign control throughout their wilderness wanderings. Numbers 33:8 specifically follows the dramatic and foundational account of the Red Sea crossing, which is extensively detailed in [Exodus 14](/exodus/14 "Exodus 14 - The Red Sea Crossing"), and the subsequent initial movements away from the immediate threat of Pharaoh's army. The preceding verses ([Numbers 33:1-7](/numbers/33-1-7 "Numbers 33:1-7 - Initial Stages of the Exodus Journey")) establish the very first stages of their journey, setting the stage for this significant transition from the sea's edge into the arid desert. The precise listing of locations, including Pihahiroth and Marah, underscores the divine orchestration of their every step, even as they moved into unknown and often challenging territories.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The events of Numbers 33:8 are set immediately after the miraculous deliverance from Egyptian bondage and the pivotal crossing of the Red Sea, which stands as the foundational event in Israelite history. Pihahiroth (meaning "mouth of the gorges" or "place of the canals") was the final encampment before the sea, where the Israelites found themselves strategically trapped between Pharaoh's pursuing army and the seemingly impassable waters. This moment of extreme vulnerability set the stage for God's dramatic intervention. The "midst of the sea" refers to the Red Sea (Hebrew: *Yam Suph*), miraculously parted by God, allowing the Israelites to cross on dry ground. Upon crossing, they entered the Wilderness of Etham, a desolate and arid region forming the eastern border of Egypt. A "three days' journey" in the wilderness was a significant initial trek, immediately introducing them to the harsh realities of desert life. Their destination, Marah, was a specific oasis within this wilderness, which would soon become infamous for its undrinkable, bitter waters, as vividly recorded in [Exodus 15:23](/exodus/15-23 "Exodus 15:23 - The Bitter Waters of Marah"). This immediate encounter with hardship after a great miracle highlights the testing nature inherent in the wilderness journey.
* **Key Themes:** This verse, situated within the broader context of the Exodus narrative and the book of Numbers, contributes to several significant theological themes. Firstly, it powerfully illustrates **Divine Guidance** and sovereignty. The meticulous detailing of each encampment, even in the desolation of the wilderness, underscores God's precise and unwavering leading of His people. Their movements were not random but divinely directed, emphasizing that God's presence was with them every step of the way, fulfilling His covenant promises. Secondly, it highlights the theme of **Transition and Testing**. The passage from the overwhelming deliverance at the Red Sea into the immediate challenges of the wilderness signifies a crucial shift from a moment of spectacular salvation to a prolonged period designed to test their faith, obedience, and dependence on God. The wilderness served as a spiritual proving ground, where their character would be refined and their trust in God deepened, as later reflected in [Deuteronomy 8:2](/deuteronomy/8-2 "Deuteronomy 8:2 - God Tests Israel in the Wilderness"). Lastly, the mention of Marah immediately introduces the theme of **Encountering Hardship and God's Provision**. The immediate encounter with bitter waters after such a profound miracle foreshadows the recurring pattern of trials, complaints, and God's faithful provision that would characterize their forty years in the desert, as seen in the subsequent account of God making the waters sweet in [Exodus 15:25](/exodus/15-25 "God Makes the Waters Sweet").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Pihahiroth (Hebrew, _Pîy ha-Chîyrôth'_):** This place name, meaning "mouth of the gorges" or "place of the canals," signifies the strategic and seemingly inescapable location where the Israelites were trapped between the sea and Pharaoh's army. Its mention here in the itinerary serves as a powerful reminder of God's dramatic intervention and the miraculous deliverance that immediately preceded this stage of the journey. It marks the point of ultimate human helplessness met by divine power, a testament to God's ability to create a way where there is no way.
* **Marah (Hebrew, _Mârâh'_):** Meaning "bitter," this place name is highly symbolic and deeply significant. It refers to the location where the Israelites first encountered undrinkable water after crossing the Red Sea. The name itself foreshadows the immediate hardship and discontent that arose, serving as a stark contrast to the recent miraculous deliverance. Marah becomes a pivotal site where God demonstrates His power to transform bitter circumstances into sources of refreshment and life, teaching His people dependence.
* **Wilderness (Hebrew, _midbâr'_):** This term denotes a vast, arid, and often uninhabited region, frequently used metaphorically in Scripture to represent a place of testing, purification, and direct encounter with God. The Israelites' entry into the "wilderness of Etham" signifies their transition from a land of slavery to a land of freedom, yet one that immediately presented formidable challenges. It was a place of utter dependency, where God alone could provide for their needs, shaping their identity as His covenant people through a period of intense formation.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And they departed from before Pihahiroth":** This phrase marks the commencement of a new leg of the journey, signifying a physical and symbolic move away from the site of their miraculous deliverance at the Red Sea. Pihahiroth represented the final point of entrapment before God's intervention, and their departure underscores the ongoing, divinely guided pilgrimage.
* **"and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness":** This clause directly references the pivotal Red Sea crossing, emphasizing the miraculous nature of their passage on dry ground. "The midst of the sea" highlights the impossible path God opened for them. Their immediate entry "into the wilderness" upon crossing signifies a radical and immediate change in environment, from the dramatic, water-filled escape route to the arid, challenging desert.
* **"and went three days' journey in the wilderness of Etham":** This specifies both the initial duration and the precise geographical location of their trek into the desert. A "three days' journey" was a significant distance, immediately immersing them in the harsh realities of wilderness travel—scarcity of water, extreme conditions, and an absolute reliance on divine guidance and provision. The "wilderness of Etham" was the specific desolate region they entered directly after the Red Sea.
* **"and pitched in Marah":** This concludes the verse by naming their first significant encampment after the Red Sea crossing and the initial three-day trek. Marah, known for its bitter waters, immediately introduces the theme of hardship and testing that would characterize much of their wilderness experience, setting the stage for their first major complaint and God's subsequent, faithful provision.

#### Literary Devices
Numbers 33:8, as an integral part of a larger itinerary, primarily employs **Itinerary/List** as its overarching literary device. This meticulous cataloging of the stages of Israel's journey underscores both the historical veracity of the Exodus and the profound divine oversight of every step. Within this concise record, there is significant **Symbolism**. The "wilderness" itself symbolizes a place of testing, purification, and absolute dependency on God, serving as a crucible for the nascent nation. The mention of "Marah" (meaning "bitter") is a potent symbol of immediate hardship and the Israelites' propensity for complaint, even after profound deliverance. This also functions as **Foreshadowing**, hinting at the numerous trials, episodes of grumbling, and subsequent divine provisions that would punctuate their forty years in the desert. The stark contrast between the miraculous "midst of the sea" and the bitter waters of Marah creates a powerful narrative tension, highlighting the immediate shift from triumphant salvation to challenging trial.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Numbers 33:8 encapsulates the profound theological truth that divine deliverance often leads directly into a season of testing and dependence. The miraculous Red Sea crossing, a monumental act of God's salvation, is immediately followed by the harsh realities of the wilderness and the bitter waters of Marah. This sequence reveals that God's purpose for His people extends far beyond mere rescue; He purposefully leads them into environments where their faith is refined, their reliance on Him is deepened, and their character is shaped according to His divine will. The meticulous recording of their journey, even to places of hardship, reinforces the theme of God's sovereign and unwavering guidance, demonstrating that every step, whether triumphant or challenging, is an intentional part of His perfect plan to form a holy nation dedicated to Him.

* [Exodus 15:22-25](/exodus/15-22-25 "The Waters of Marah Made Sweet")
* [Deuteronomy 8:2-3](/deuteronomy/8-2-3 "God Tests Israel in the Wilderness")
* [Psalm 78:15-16](/psalm/78-15-16 "God Provides Water from the Rock")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Numbers 33:8 offers a profound and timeless lesson for believers today: God's salvation is often followed by seasons of testing designed to deepen our faith and dependence on Him. Just as the Israelites moved from the triumph of the Red Sea to the immediate challenge of Marah, we too can expect that spiritual breakthroughs or moments of great blessing may be followed by trials and difficulties. This verse reminds us that true faith is not merely in the miracle itself, but in the faithful God who leads us through the wilderness, providing for our needs even when circumstances seem bitter or overwhelming. It calls us to trust in His precise guidance, knowing that He has a redemptive purpose for every "Marah" in our lives, intending to refine us, reveal His faithful provision, and draw us into deeper intimacy with Him. Our response to hardship, like Israel's, reveals the true posture of our hearts—whether we succumb to complaint or seek God's transformative solution.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How do I typically respond when a season of great blessing or breakthrough is immediately followed by unexpected hardship or "bitter waters" in my life?**
* **In what ways does the wilderness experience of the Israelites, as highlighted in this verse, challenge or affirm my understanding of God's guidance during difficult transitions?**
* **What practical steps can I take to cultivate a spirit of trust and dependence on God's provision, even when my circumstances seem barren or overwhelming?**

### FAQ
**Why is the itinerary in Numbers 33 so detailed, listing every encampment?**

Answer: The meticulous detail of the itinerary in Numbers 33, including the specific movements described in [Numbers 33:8](/numbers/33-8 "Numbers 33:8 - Israel's Journey to Marah"), serves several crucial purposes. Firstly, it provides an undeniable historical and geographical record, validating the reality of the Exodus and the Israelites' journey, demonstrating that these were not mythical events but tangible movements of a nation. Secondly, and perhaps most importantly, it underscores God's meticulous and sovereign guidance over His people. Every stop, every movement, even into difficult terrain like the "wilderness of Etham" and "Marah," was orchestrated by God, emphasizing His constant presence and leadership. This detail reinforces the theme of divine faithfulness, showing that God led His people step by step through the wilderness, fulfilling His promises. It also serves as a pedagogical tool and a reminder for future generations of Israel of God's past works and the journey of their ancestors, fostering a deep sense of national identity rooted in divine deliverance and guidance.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The wilderness journey of Israel, as encapsulated in Numbers 33:8, finds its ultimate fulfillment and deeper meaning in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Just as Israel passed through the "midst of the sea" as an act of divine salvation, foreshadowing a new covenant, so too does Christ lead His people through a spiritual wilderness. The bitter waters of Marah, where God provided a tree to make the waters sweet as recorded in [Exodus 15:25](/exodus/15-25 "Exodus 15:25 - God Makes the Waters Sweet at Marah"), powerfully prefigure the cross of Christ. It is through His suffering and sacrifice on a tree that the bitter waters of sin, judgment, and death are made sweet, offering eternal life and true refreshment to those who believe. Jesus Himself endured a forty-day wilderness temptation ([Matthew 4:1-11](/matthew/4-1-11 "Matthew 4:1-11 - Jesus' Temptation in the Wilderness")), identifying with Israel's trials yet perfectly succeeding where they failed. He is the ultimate "living water" ([John 4:10](/john/4-10 "John 4:10 - Jesus Offers Living Water"); [John 7:38](/john/7-38 "John 7:38 - Rivers of Living Water")), transforming our spiritual barrenness and bitterness into abundant life. The journey from Pihahiroth through the wilderness to Marah ultimately points to Christ as the faithful Guide, the perfect Provider, and the One who transforms our deepest trials into testimonies of His grace, leading us not merely to an earthly promised land, but to the eternal rest found in Him ([Hebrews 4:9-10](/hebrews/4-9-10 "Hebrews 4:9-10 - The Sabbath Rest for God's People")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 14:21

¶ And Moses stretched out his hand over the sea; and the LORD caused the sea to go [back] by a strong east wind all that night, and made the sea dry [land], and the waters were divided.

Exodus 14:31

And Israel saw that great work which the LORD did upon the Egyptians: and the people feared the LORD, and believed the LORD, and his servant Moses.

Exodus 15:22

¶ So Moses brought Israel from the Red sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur; and they went three days in the wilderness, and found no water.

Exodus 15:26

And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I [am] the LORD that healeth thee.