Numbers 33:14

KJV

And they removed from Alush, and encamped at Rephidim, where was no water for the people to drink.

KJV (with Strong's)

And they removed {H5265} from Alush {H442}, and encamped {H2583} at Rephidim {H7508}, where was no water {H4325} for the people {H5971} to drink {H8354}.

Complete Jewish Bible

They moved on from Alush and camped at Refidim, where there was no water for the people to drink.

Berean Standard Bible

They set out from Alush and camped at Rephidim, where there was no water for the people to drink.

American Standard Version

And they journeyed from Alush, and encamped in Rephidim, where was no water for the people to drink.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Numbers 33:14 meticulously records a specific stage in the Israelites' arduous wilderness journey, detailing their departure from Alush and their subsequent encampment at Rephidim. This seemingly simple itinerary entry carries profound significance, immediately highlighting a critical and life-threatening challenge: the complete absence of water. Far from being a mere geographical note, this verse sets the stage for a pivotal moment of divine testing, human complaint, and miraculous provision that would indelibly shape Israel's understanding of God's faithfulness and their own dependence.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Numbers 33 serves as a comprehensive itinerary of the Israelites' forty-year wilderness wanderings, meticulously listing each of their forty-two encampments from their exodus out of Egypt to their arrival on the plains of Moab. This detailed record underscores God's precise and deliberate guidance of His people, validating the historical accuracy of their journey and demonstrating His sustained presence. Verse 14, by noting the move from Alush to Rephidim and immediately stating the lack of water, acts as a concise summary and a literary "signpost" pointing to the more extensive narrative of the crisis and God's response found in [Exodus 17:1-7](/exodus/17-1-7 "Exodus 17:1-7 - Water from the Rock at Rephidim"). The brevity in Numbers 33:14 assumes the reader's familiarity with the dramatic events associated with Rephidim, making it a crucial, albeit condensed, reference point within the larger Pentateuchal narrative.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The wilderness journey was a period of intense formation for the nascent nation of Israel, transforming them from a slave people into a covenant community. Their survival depended entirely on divine provision in the harsh, arid environment of the Sinai Peninsula. Water, in particular, was an absolute necessity for the millions of people and their livestock. The region around Rephidim, situated near Mount Horeb (Sinai), was known for its rugged, waterless terrain. For a nomadic people, the availability of water dictated encampment locations and travel routes. The cultural expectation would have been for leaders to secure vital resources, and the lack of water would immediately trigger widespread panic and complaint, as indeed it did in the parallel account. This historical reality underscores the severity of the crisis presented in this verse and the miraculous nature of God's subsequent intervention.

* **Key Themes:** Numbers 33:14, though brief, contributes to several overarching themes in the Pentateuch. Firstly, it reiterates the theme of **Divine Guidance and Sovereignty**, showing God's hand in directing every step of Israel's journey, even to places of hardship. Secondly, the explicit mention of "no water" introduces the theme of **Divine Testing and Human Faithlessness**. God often led Israel into challenging circumstances to test their obedience and trust, as highlighted in [Deuteronomy 8:2-3](/deuteronomy/8-2-3 "Deuteronomy 8:2-3 - God Tests Israel in the Wilderness"). The Israelites' frequent response of grumbling and rebellion, despite God's consistent provision, becomes a recurring motif. Finally, this verse sets the stage for the theme of **God's Miraculous Provision**. The crisis at Rephidim ultimately leads to God demonstrating His power to supply their needs from an unexpected source—a rock—foreshadowing the spiritual provision offered by Christ, as later interpreted in [1 Corinthians 10:4](/1_corinthians/10-4 "1 Corinthians 10:4 - Christ as the Spiritual Rock").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Rephidim (Hebrew, _Rᵉphîydîym'_):** This place name, derived from a root suggesting "supports" or "bolsters" (H7507, _rephidah_), ironically became a site of profound instability and distress for the Israelites. Far from offering rest or support, Rephidim was where they faced a life-threatening water shortage, intense complaint, and their first major battle with the Amalekites ([Exodus 17:8-16](/exodus/17-8-16 "Exodus 17:8-16 - Battle with Amalek")). The name thus subtly highlights the tension between the expectation of a "resting place" and the harsh reality of their wilderness journey, underscoring that true security and provision for Israel lay not in geographical location but solely in God's faithfulness.
* **water (Hebrew, _mayim'_):** The explicit mention of "no water" (Hebrew: _ʾên mayim_) in the verse immediately conveys the existential crisis facing the vast Israelite community. In the parched wilderness, the complete absence of this vital resource was not merely an inconvenience but a direct threat to the survival of millions of people and their livestock. This stark reality underscores the Israelites' absolute dependence on divine intervention for their most fundamental needs, stripping away any illusion of self-sufficiency and setting the stage for a dramatic demonstration of God's power to provide.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And they removed from Alush":** This phrase signifies the continuation of the Israelites' divinely directed journey. "Alush" is one of the less prominent stops in the itinerary, serving primarily as a point of departure. The act of "removing" (נָסַע, _nasa'_) implies a deliberate, ordered progression, consistent with the detailed record-keeping of their travels under God's guidance. It underscores the dynamic nature of their wilderness experience, always moving towards the promised land.
* **"and encamped at Rephidim":** This marks the arrival at a new, significant location. The verb "encamped" (חָנָה, _ḥanah_) denotes settling down, establishing a temporary dwelling place. However, the subsequent clause immediately subverts any sense of security or permanence that an encampment might suggest, introducing the profound challenge awaiting them at this particular "resting place."
* **"where was no water for the people to drink.":** This is the critical, climactic statement of the verse. It immediately identifies the core problem at Rephidim, transforming a simple itinerary entry into a prelude to crisis. The phrase "no water" is direct and unambiguous, underscoring the immediate and existential threat to the entire community. This explicit mention sets the narrative tension, prompting the reader to recall or anticipate the dramatic events of complaint, divine testing, and miraculous provision that unfolded at this very spot, as detailed in the book of Exodus.

#### Literary Devices
Numbers 33:14 employs several literary devices, most notably **Irony** and **Foreshadowing**. The **Irony** is evident in the name "Rephidim," which means "rests" or "resting places," yet it became a site of extreme distress, thirst, and conflict. This stark contrast highlights the unexpected challenges God's people faced even in divinely guided journeys. Furthermore, the verse functions as powerful **Foreshadowing**. By stating "where was no water for the people to drink," it succinctly points to the detailed narrative in [Exodus 17](/exodus/17 "Exodus 17 - Water from the Rock and Battle with Amalek"), where the Israelites' grumbling, Moses' intercession, and God's miraculous provision of water from the rock are fully recounted. The brevity of the Numbers account assumes the reader's knowledge of these prior events, making this verse a concise yet potent reminder of a pivotal moment in Israel's history of testing and divine faithfulness.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Numbers 33:14, though a simple itinerary note, powerfully encapsulates the theological tensions and lessons of the wilderness journey. It highlights God's sovereign leading, even into situations of apparent lack, demonstrating that His purposes often involve testing and refining His people's faith. The immediate crisis of "no water" underscores Israel's utter dependence on God, reminding them, and us, that human resources are finite, but divine provision is limitless. This moment at Rephidim is a profound illustration of God's willingness to meet His people's deepest needs, not just physically but also spiritually, transforming a place of thirst into a testament of His life-giving power.

* [Exodus 17:1-7](/exodus/17-1-7 "Exodus 17:1-7 - God Provides Water from the Rock at Rephidim")
* [Deuteronomy 8:2-3](/deuteronomy/8-2-3 "Deuteronomy 8:2-3 - God Tests Israel in the Wilderness")
* [1 Corinthians 10:4](/1_corinthians/10-4 "1 Corinthians 10:4 - Christ as the Spiritual Rock")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The brief mention of "no water" at Rephidim in Numbers 33:14 serves as a powerful reminder that even on a journey directed by God, challenges and severe lack are inevitable. Our lives, much like Israel's wilderness trek, are marked by periods of abundance and scarcity, comfort and crisis. This verse, when read in conjunction with the fuller account in Exodus, teaches us that difficulties are not necessarily signs of God's absence or displeasure, but often divine appointments designed to reveal His character as our ultimate Provider. When we face our own "Rephidim moments"—situations where our resources are depleted, our strength fails, or our hope wanes—we are called to look beyond the immediate crisis to the God who can bring water from a rock. Our faith is most profoundly refined when we encounter circumstances where our own ingenuity and effort are insufficient, forcing us to rely wholly on His miraculous supply. This passage encourages us to trust that God is not only aware of our needs but is also sovereignly orchestrating our path to demonstrate His power and deepen our dependence on Him, transforming our places of thirst into wells of His grace.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "Rephidim moments" (situations of extreme lack or challenge) have you experienced in your life, and how did you respond?**
* **How does the Israelites' grumbling at Rephidim challenge or encourage your own response to difficult circumstances?**
* **In what ways do you tend to rely on your own resources rather than trusting God for provision in times of need?**
* **How can remembering God's past faithfulness in providing for you strengthen your trust in Him for future challenges?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of Rephidim in the broader biblical narrative?**

Answer: Rephidim is a highly significant location in the biblical narrative, serving as a pivotal point in the Israelites' wilderness journey. While Numbers 33:14 briefly notes the lack of water there, the fuller account in [Exodus 17:1-7](/exodus/17-1-7 "Exodus 17:1-7 - Water from the Rock at Rephidim") details the severe water crisis, the people's bitter complaints against Moses and God, and God's miraculous provision of water from the rock at Horeb. It was also the site of Israel's first battle against the Amalekites, where Moses' uplifted hands, supported by Aaron and Hur, ensured victory ([Exodus 17:8-16](/exodus/17-8-16 "Exodus 17:8-16 - Battle with Amalek")). Thus, Rephidim represents a crucial testing ground for Israel's faith, a place of divine judgment for their grumbling, and a powerful demonstration of God's miraculous provision and protection.

**Why does Numbers 33 provide such a detailed itinerary of the Israelites' journey?**

Answer: Numbers 33, particularly this detailed itinerary, serves several important purposes. Firstly, it provides a **historical and geographical record**, validating the reality of the Exodus and the subsequent wilderness wanderings. This meticulous account underscores the literal fulfillment of God's promises and His precise guidance of His people. Secondly, it functions as a **theological testament** to God's faithfulness and patience. Each stop, including those marked by hardship like Rephidim, demonstrates God's sustained presence and provision for Israel, despite their repeated rebellion. Thirdly, it serves as a **memorial for future generations**, reminding them of their origins, the challenges faced, and the mighty acts of God on their behalf, thereby encouraging obedience and trust in the covenant God who led them.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Numbers 33:14, with its stark declaration of "no water for the people to drink" at Rephidim, profoundly foreshadows the ultimate spiritual thirst of humanity and the divine provision found in Jesus Christ. Just as the physical thirst of Israel in the wilderness pointed to their utter dependence on God, so too does humanity's spiritual thirst for meaning, peace, and salvation reveal our desperate need for a divine source of life. The miraculous water that flowed from the rock at Rephidim, as recounted in [Exodus 17:6](/exodus/17-6 "Exodus 17:6 - God Provides Water from the Rock"), is explicitly identified by the Apostle Paul as a type of Christ, for "that Rock was Christ" ([1 Corinthians 10:4](/1_corinthians/10-4 "1 Corinthians 10:4 - Christ as the Spiritual Rock")). Jesus Himself declared, "If anyone thirsts, let him come to me and drink" ([John 7:37](/john/7-37 "John 7:37 - Jesus' Invitation to the Thirsty")), offering Himself as the "living water" that eternally satisfies ([John 4:10-14](/john/4-10-14 "John 4:10-14 - Jesus Offers Living Water")). The crisis at Rephidim, therefore, serves as a powerful Old Testament picture of our spiritual wilderness, our inherent inability to quench our deepest longings, and the glorious truth that from the "smitten Rock" of Calvary—Jesus, crucified and resurrected—flows the Spirit and eternal life, providing abundant and unending satisfaction for all who believe.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Exodus 17:1

¶ And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, after their journeys, according to the commandment of the LORD, and pitched in Rephidim: and [there was] no water for the people to drink.

Exodus 17:8

¶ Then came Amalek, and fought with Israel in Rephidim.

Exodus 19:2

For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come [to] the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness; and there Israel camped before the mount.