Matthew 10:6

KJV

But go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

KJV (with Strong's)

But {G1161} go {G4198} rather {G3123} to {G4314} the lost {G622} sheep {G4263} of the house {G3624} of Israel {G2474}.

Complete Jewish Bible

but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Isra'el.

Berean Standard Bible

Go rather to the lost sheep of Israel.

American Standard Version

but go rather to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Matthew 10:6 provides a precise directive from Jesus to His twelve disciples, limiting the scope of their initial missionary journey to the Jewish people. This instruction, given as part of a comprehensive set of guidelines for their first evangelistic endeavor, underscores the immediate priority of Jesus' earthly ministry: to gather and restore the covenant nation of Israel, whom He identifies metaphorically as "lost sheep" in desperate need of a shepherd. This verse establishes a foundational phase in God's redemptive plan, focusing on the chosen people before the eventual expansion of the gospel to all nations.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Matthew 10:6 is nestled within Jesus' extensive discourse on the mission of the twelve apostles, following their commissioning in [Matthew 10:1-4](/matthew/10-1-4 "The Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles"). Immediately preceding this verse, [Matthew 10:5](/matthew/10-5 "Jesus' Initial Instructions to the Disciples") issues a clear negative command, explicitly forbidding the disciples from entering Gentile or Samaritan territories. This prohibition sets up a sharp contrast with the positive command of [Matthew 10:6](/matthew/10-6 "Jesus' Directive to the Lost Sheep of Israel"), which then directs their efforts exclusively towards "the lost sheep of the house of Israel." This specific, localized focus highlights the initial, phased nature of Jesus' redemptive work and the apostles' early ministry, serving as a prelude to the broader, global commission that would come after Jesus' resurrection in [Matthew 28:19-20](/matthew/28-19-20 "The Great Commission").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** At the time of Jesus' ministry, the Jewish people (the "house of Israel") were under Roman occupation, yet they maintained a strong sense of their unique identity as God's covenant people. They anticipated the Messiah, but often with nationalistic and political expectations rather than a full understanding of His spiritual mission. The concept of "lost sheep" would have resonated deeply within this context, as it evoked the imagery of a shepherdless flock, vulnerable and scattered, a common Old Testament metaphor for Israel's spiritual condition due to unfaithful leadership or straying from God's path (e.g., [Numbers 27:17](/numbers/27-17 "Moses' Prayer for a Shepherd for Israel") and [Ezekiel 34](/ezekiel/34 "Ezekiel's Prophecy Against the Shepherds of Israel")). Jesus' directive reflects His commitment to His own people first, fulfilling the promises made to Abraham and preparing Israel to be the conduit through which salvation would eventually flow to the rest of the world.
* **Key Themes:** This verse significantly contributes to several key themes within Matthew's Gospel and broader biblical theology. Firstly, it emphasizes the **Prioritized Mission to Israel**, demonstrating God's faithfulness to His covenant with His chosen people, beginning His redemptive work with them before extending it universally. Secondly, the powerful **Metaphor of Israel as "Lost Sheep"** is central. Jesus often used this imagery to describe the spiritual state of the Jewish people, whom He saw as "harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd" ([Matthew 9:36](/matthew/9-36 "Jesus' Compassion for the Crowds")). This highlights their vulnerability, spiritual wandering, and urgent need for the true Shepherd. Thirdly, the verse illustrates **Divine Order and Phased Revelation** in God's redemptive plan. While the ultimate goal of the gospel is universal salvation, God often works through specific, sequential stages. This initial, limited mission to Israel sets the stage for the later, expansive mission to "make disciples of all nations" ([Matthew 28:19](/matthew/28-19 "The Great Commission")) and the global spread of the church, as depicted in [Acts 1:8](/acts/1-8 "The Scope of the Apostolic Witness").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **lost (Greek, _apóllymi'_):** This verb signifies to "destroy fully," "perish," or "lose." It implies a state of being utterly ruined, undone, or without hope, rather than merely misplaced. When applied to the "sheep," it emphasizes their spiritual peril and the dire consequences of being separated from God's truth and guidance. It underscores the urgency and salvific nature of the disciples' mission.
* **sheep (Greek, _próbaton'_):** This term refers to a quadruped, specifically a sheep. In biblical contexts, sheep are often symbols of vulnerability, dependence, and the flock of God's people. When combined with "lost," it vividly portrays the people of Israel as astray, lacking proper spiritual leadership, and susceptible to danger without a shepherd.
* **rather (Greek, _mâllon'_):** This adverb means "more" or "in a greater degree," or "rather." In this context, it serves as a strong comparative, emphasizing the priority and exclusive focus of the disciples' mission. It explicitly contrasts with the preceding prohibition in [Matthew 10:5](/matthew/10-5 "Jesus' Prohibition Against Gentile and Samaritan Cities"), directing their efforts *instead* of going to Gentiles or Samaritans, specifically to Israel.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But go rather":** This opening phrase, introduced by "But" (G1161 _dé_), signals a direct contrast and a redirection of focus from the previous verse's prohibition. The command "go" (G4198 _poreúomai_) is an imperative, indicating an urgent and non-negotiable directive. The adverb "rather" (G3123 _mâllon_) strongly emphasizes the exclusive and prioritized nature of the destination, setting Israel apart as the sole target for this initial mission.
* **"to the lost sheep":** This is a powerful and poignant metaphor. "Lost" (G622 _apóllymi_) indicates a state of spiritual peril, of being astray and in danger of perishing, not merely wandering. "Sheep" (G4263 _próbaton_) symbolizes the people of Israel, who, despite their covenant relationship with God, were spiritually vulnerable, scattered, and lacking true spiritual leadership, much like sheep without a shepherd. This phrase highlights Jesus' deep compassion and His assessment of Israel's spiritual condition.
* **"of the house of Israel.":** This phrase clearly identifies the specific group to whom the disciples are to go. "House" (G3624 _oîkos_) here refers to the family or lineage, signifying the entire nation or people descended from Jacob (Israel, G2474 _Israḗl_). This explicitly limits the initial mission to the Jewish people, underscoring the fulfillment of God's covenant promises and the sequential unfolding of His redemptive plan, beginning with His chosen nation.

#### Literary Devices
Matthew 10:6 employs several impactful literary devices. The most prominent is **Metaphor**, specifically the imagery of "lost sheep." This powerful comparison vividly portrays the spiritual condition of the Jewish people as vulnerable, astray, and in desperate need of guidance and rescue, echoing Old Testament prophetic language (e.g., [Ezekiel 34:5-6](/ezekiel/34-5-6 "Israel as Scattered Sheep")). This metaphor evokes deep compassion and highlights the urgent, salvific nature of the disciples' mission. There is also a clear **Contrast** established between this verse and the preceding [Matthew 10:5](/matthew/10-5 "Jesus' Prohibition on Gentiles and Samaritans"), where Jesus explicitly forbids going to Gentiles or Samaritans. This juxtaposition emphasizes the exclusive and prioritized focus on Israel for this particular mission. Furthermore, the phrase "house of Israel" functions as a **Synecdoche**, where "house" (representing a family or lineage) stands for the entire nation, effectively encompassing all descendants of Jacob and underscoring the national scope of this initial outreach.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Matthew 10:6 profoundly illustrates God's faithfulness to His covenant people and the strategic unfolding of His redemptive plan. It reveals that salvation, while ultimately global in scope, was first offered to Israel, aligning with the prophetic trajectory of the Old Testament. This initial focus on "the lost sheep of the house of Israel" underscores the priority of God's covenant with Abraham and His desire to restore His chosen nation. It also highlights Jesus' identity as the true Shepherd, come to seek and save those who are lost, beginning with His own. This limited commission is not a permanent restriction but a divinely ordained sequence, preparing the way for the broader, universal mission of the church after Christ's resurrection and ascension. It teaches us about God's orderly progression, His specific callings, and His unwavering love for His people, even as He prepares to extend His grace to all humanity.

* [Matthew 15:24](/matthew/15-24 "Jesus' Mission to the Lost Sheep of Israel")
* [Romans 1:16](/romans/1-16 "The Gospel for Jew and Gentile")
* [Acts 3:26](/acts/3-26 "God's Blessing Sent First to Israel")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Matthew 10:6, while historically specific to Jesus' initial commission, offers timeless principles for reflection and application in the life of a believer and the church today. Firstly, it calls us to cultivate a profound compassion for the "lost," recognizing that spiritual wandering leads to peril, just as Jesus saw the "lost sheep of Israel." This compassion should drive our evangelistic efforts, motivating us to reach out to those who are spiritually adrift, regardless of their background or perceived receptiveness. Secondly, this verse reminds us that God often works through specific, phased plans and priorities. While the Great Commission calls us to "make disciples of all nations" ([Matthew 28:19](/matthew/28-19 "The Great Commission")), there may be times or seasons when God directs our efforts, or the church's collective efforts, to particular groups or geographical areas. Discerning and obeying these specific callings, even when they seem limited, is crucial for effective ministry. Finally, it reinforces the enduring truth that the gospel is for all people, but it also highlights the historical and theological significance of Israel in God's redemptive narrative. Our mission today is to continue proclaiming the good news, understanding that God's heart is for all to be found and brought into His fold.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what ways do I, or my community, demonstrate compassion for those who are spiritually "lost" in our immediate context?**
* **How can we better discern and align with God's specific priorities and timing for ministry, rather than relying solely on our own plans?**
* **Considering the initial focus on Israel, how does this verse inform our understanding of God's faithfulness to His covenants and the universal scope of the gospel today?**

### FAQ

**Why did Jesus limit the disciples' mission to Israel initially, given the later Great Commission?**

Answer: Jesus' initial limitation of the disciples' mission to "the lost sheep of the house of Israel" ([Matthew 10:6](/matthew/10-6 "Jesus' Directive to the Lost Sheep of Israel")) was a strategic and theological necessity within God's redemptive plan. It honored God's covenant faithfulness to Israel, establishing that salvation would first come through the Jewish people, as prophesied in the Old Testament. This phase was crucial for fulfilling prophecy, demonstrating Jesus' identity as the Messiah to His own nation, and preparing a core group of Jewish believers who would then carry the gospel to the world. The Great Commission ([Matthew 28:19](/matthew/28-19 "The Great Commission")) came *after* Jesus' resurrection and ascension, signifying a new, expanded phase of God's plan, now empowered by the Holy Spirit, to reach all nations, building upon the foundation laid in Israel. This progression reflects God's orderly and intentional unfolding of His salvation history.

**What does the metaphor "lost sheep" imply about the spiritual condition of Israel?**

Answer: The metaphor of "lost sheep" ([Matthew 10:6](/matthew/10-6 "Jesus' Directive to the Lost Sheep of Israel")) is a powerful biblical image that implies a state of spiritual vulnerability, disorientation, and peril. It suggests that the people of Israel, despite being God's chosen nation, were spiritually astray, lacking true guidance, and susceptible to danger without a proper shepherd. Jesus often used this imagery, as seen in [Matthew 9:36](/matthew/9-36 "Jesus' Compassion for the Crowds"), where He describes the crowds as "harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd." This metaphor highlights their desperate need for the Messiah, who would gather them, provide true spiritual nourishment, and lead them back to God. It underscores Jesus' compassionate understanding of their condition and the urgent, salvific nature of His mission.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Matthew 10:6, with its directive to the "lost sheep of the house of Israel," finds its ultimate Christ-centered fulfillment in Jesus Himself as the Good Shepherd. While the disciples were sent as temporary shepherds for a specific mission, Jesus is the quintessential Shepherd who not only seeks the lost but lays down His life for them ([John 10:11](/john/10-11 "Jesus, the Good Shepherd")). His mission to Israel was not merely a preliminary phase but an essential step in His redemptive work, demonstrating His faithfulness to the covenant promises made to Abraham and David. He came first to His own, to gather those who were scattered and bring them into His fold. Furthermore, Jesus explicitly states His intention to bring "other sheep that are not of this sheep pen," signifying the inclusion of Gentiles, so that "there shall be one flock and one shepherd" ([John 10:16](/john/10-16 "Jesus and the Other Sheep")). Thus, the limited mission in [Matthew 10:6](/matthew/10-6 "Jesus' Directive to the Lost Sheep of Israel") foreshadows the universal scope of His ultimate sacrifice, breaking down the dividing wall between Jew and Gentile to create one new humanity in Himself ([Ephesians 2:14-16](/ephesians/2-14-16 "Christ Our Peace - Breaking Down the Dividing Wall")), all gathered under the loving care of the one true Shepherd, Jesus Christ.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Jeremiah 50:6

My people hath been lost sheep: their shepherds have caused them to go astray, they have turned them away [on] the mountains: they have gone from mountain to hill, they have forgotten their restingplace.

Acts 13:46

Then Paul and Barnabas waxed bold, and said, It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you: but seeing ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles.

1 Peter 2:25

For ye were as sheep going astray; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls.

Isaiah 53:6

All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.

Ezekiel 34:6

My sheep wandered through all the mountains, and upon every high hill: yea, my flock was scattered upon all the face of the earth, and none did search or seek [after them].

Psalms 119:176

¶ I have gone astray like a lost sheep; seek thy servant; for I do not forget thy commandments.

Acts 3:26

Unto you first God, having raised up his Son Jesus, sent him to bless you, in turning away every one of you from his iniquities.