Luke 12:42

KJV

And the Lord said, Who then is that faithful and wise steward, whom [his] lord shall make ruler over his household, to give [them their] portion of meat in due season?

KJV (with Strong's)

And {G1161} the Lord {G2962} said {G2036}, Who {G5101} then {G686} is {G2076} that faithful {G4103} and {G2532} wise {G5429} steward {G3623}, whom {G3739} his lord {G2962} shall make ruler {G2525} over {G1909} his {G846} household {G2322}, to give {G1325} them their portion of meat {G4620} in {G1722} due season {G2540}?

Complete Jewish Bible

The Lord replied, “Nu, who is the faithful and sensible manager whose master puts him in charge of the household staff to give them their share of food at the proper time?

Berean Standard Bible

And the Lord answered, “Who then is the faithful and wise manager, whom the master puts in charge of his servants to give them their portion at the proper time?

American Standard Version

And the Lord said, Who then is the faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall set over his household, to give them their portion of food in due season?

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Luke 12:42 presents a profound rhetorical question from Jesus, immediately following His discourse on readiness and watchfulness for the Master's return. This verse introduces the archetype of the "faithful and wise steward," setting the stage for a deeper exploration of the qualities required for those entrusted with significant responsibility within God's household, emphasizing diligent provision and timely care for others as a hallmark of true discipleship and leadership.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is Jesus's direct response to Peter's question in [Luke 12:41](/luke/12-41 "Luke 12:41 - Peter's Question About the Parable's Audience"), "Lord, speakest thou this parable unto us, or even to all?" Rather than a simple yes or no, Jesus pivots into another parable, the Parable of the Faithful and Wise Steward (or Manager), which extends through [Luke 12:48](/luke/12-48 "Luke 12:48 - The Parable of the Faithful and Unfaithful Servants"). The preceding verses ([Luke 12:35-40](/luke/12-35-40 "Luke 12:35-40 - Be Ready for the Master's Return")) emphasize the need for constant readiness for the Master's unexpected return, a theme that this steward parable further develops by focusing on the *nature* of that readiness: not just passive waiting, but active, responsible management. The question posed in [Luke 12:42](/luke/12-42 "Luke 12:42 - The Faithful and Wise Steward") serves as the thesis for the subsequent narrative, outlining the ideal character and duties of a servant.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** In the ancient world, a "steward" (Greek: _oikonomos_) was a highly trusted and indispensable figure in a wealthy household. This individual, often a slave or a freedman, was responsible for managing all aspects of the master's estate: finances, provisions, other servants, and even business affairs. They held immense authority and responsibility, acting as the master's proxy. The concept of providing "portion of meat in due season" reflects the practical necessity of managing resources, particularly food, to ensure the well-being and productivity of the entire household, including servants and family members. This role demanded not only faithfulness but also shrewdness and foresight, as the steward had to anticipate needs and allocate resources efficiently, especially in an agrarian society where seasons dictated much of life and provision.

* **Key Themes:** [Luke 12:42](/luke/12-42 "Luke 12:42 - The Faithful and Wise Steward") contributes significantly to several overarching themes in Luke's Gospel and Jesus's teachings. Foremost is **Stewardship**, highlighting that all believers are entrusted with God's resources—spiritual gifts, material possessions, time, and influence—and are expected to manage them responsibly for His purposes. This ties into the theme of **Discipleship**, as Jesus calls His followers to active, productive service rather than passive waiting. The emphasis on "faithful and wise" underscores the importance of **Character and Prudence** in leadership and service, suggesting that true spiritual maturity involves both unwavering loyalty and practical discernment. Finally, the implied context of the master's return and subsequent evaluation reinforces the theme of **Accountability**, a recurring motif in Jesus's parables about the Kingdom of God, where actions in the present have eternal consequences, as seen in the broader narrative of [Luke 12](/luke/12 "Luke 12 - Warnings and Exhortations").

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Lord (Greek, _kýrios_):** From G2962, meaning "supreme in authority, i.e. (as noun) controller; by implication, Master (as a respectful title)." In this context, it refers to Jesus, who is posing the question, and also to the "lord" of the steward, representing God or Christ as the ultimate Master. It emphasizes the hierarchical relationship and the steward's subservience to a higher authority.
* **Steward (Greek, _oikonómos_):** From G3623, meaning "a house-distributor (i.e. manager), or overseer, i.e. an employee in that capacity; by extension, a fiscal agent (treasurer); figuratively, a preacher (of the Gospel)." This word is central to the parable, defining the role of responsibility and management over another's property or affairs. It implies trust and delegated authority.
* **Portion of meat (Greek, _sitómetron_):** From G4620, meaning "a grain-measure, i.e. (by implication) ration (allowance of food)." This term specifies the steward's primary duty: the precise and timely distribution of provisions. It highlights the practical, tangible aspect of the steward's responsibility to care for the physical needs of the household.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the Lord said, Who then is that faithful and wise steward":** Jesus initiates a rhetorical question, immediately drawing attention to the ideal qualities of a steward. The "faithful" steward is one who is trustworthy, loyal, and consistently reliable in their duties, reflecting a deep commitment to the master's will. The "wise" steward possesses practical discernment, good judgment, and the ability to apply knowledge effectively in managing the household. This combination of moral integrity and practical acumen is crucial.
* **"whom his lord shall make ruler over his household":** This clause describes the steward's position of authority and responsibility. The steward is not self-appointed but is _made_ ruler by the master, indicating a delegated authority. The "household" (Greek: _therapeía_, G2322, meaning "domestics" or "healing") refers collectively to those under the steward's care, emphasizing the scope of their management and the master's trust in them.
* **"to give them their portion of meat in due season?":** This final clause specifies the steward's core duty: to provide for the needs of the household. "Portion of meat" (G4620, _sitómetron_) refers to a measured allowance of food, symbolizing adequate and consistent provision. "In due season" (G2540, _kairós_) signifies the opportune or appropriate time, highlighting the need for discernment and timeliness in meeting needs, not just mechanically, but thoughtfully and effectively.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device employed in [Luke 12:42](/luke/12-42 "Luke 12:42 - The Faithful and Wise Steward") is **Rhetorical Question**. Jesus does not ask for an answer but uses the question to introduce and frame the subsequent parable, drawing the listener's attention to the ideal qualities of a servant and the responsibilities inherent in a position of trust. This technique engages the audience directly, prompting self-reflection on who might embody such a figure. Additionally, the verse uses **Metaphor** and **Symbolism**, where the "steward" and "household" represent believers and the church (or indeed anyone entrusted with God's resources), and "portion of meat in due season" symbolizes spiritual nourishment, guidance, and practical care provided to those under one's influence or leadership. The entire verse functions as an **Allegory** for spiritual leadership and the management of divine trusts.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Luke 12:42 serves as a foundational verse for understanding Christian stewardship, not merely as financial management, but as the comprehensive oversight of all God-given resources and responsibilities. It elevates the concept of service from mere obedience to a proactive, discerning, and nurturing role. The "faithful and wise steward" embodies the ideal servant-leader who understands their delegated authority, diligently provides for those under their care, and does so with both integrity and insight. This stewardship extends to spiritual truths, material blessings, time, talents, and relationships, all to be managed for the glory of God and the benefit of His people. The question implicitly challenges all believers to consider their own role in God's economy and how they are fulfilling the trust placed in them.

* [1 Corinthians 4:2](/1_corinthians/4-2 "1 Corinthians 4:2 - Required of Stewards")
* [Matthew 24:45-46](/matthew/24-45-46 "Matthew 24:45-46 - The Faithful and Wise Servant")
* [Titus 1:7](/titus/1-7 "Titus 1:7 - Qualifications for Overseers")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Luke 12:42 challenges every believer, regardless of their formal role, to consider themselves as stewards of God's grace and resources. It calls us to move beyond passive faith to active, diligent, and discerning service. Are we faithfully managing the spiritual gifts, talents, time, and financial resources God has entrusted to us? Do we exercise wisdom in our decisions, seeking to understand and align with God's will? Furthermore, for those in positions of leadership within the church, family, or community, this verse is a direct charge to provide spiritual and practical nourishment to those under their care, ensuring that needs are met not just adequately, but also at the opportune moment. Our readiness for Christ's return is demonstrated not just by waiting, but by faithful and wise service in the present.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life do you recognize yourself as a steward of God's resources?**
* **How does the concept of being "wise" (discerning, practical) complement being "faithful" (loyal, trustworthy) in your service to God and others?**
* **What "portion of meat" are you called to provide to your "household" (family, church, community) in "due season"?**
* **How does the expectation of the Master's return influence your daily stewardship and decision-making?**

### FAQ
**What is the significance of Jesus posing this as a question rather than a statement?**

Answer: Jesus often used rhetorical questions to engage His audience, provoke thought, and allow them to arrive at the answer themselves, thereby internalizing the truth more deeply. In [Luke 12:42](/luke/12-42 "Luke 12:42 - The Faithful and Wise Steward"), the question "Who then is that faithful and wise steward?" serves to introduce the qualities of the ideal servant and to set up the subsequent parable. It challenges the disciples (and all listeners) to consider what kind of steward they are or aspire to be, prompting introspection and self-assessment rather than merely delivering a command. It also implies that such a steward is rare and highly valued, emphasizing the importance of these virtues.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Luke 12:42 directly addresses the qualities of a faithful and wise steward, it finds its ultimate fulfillment and perfect embodiment in Jesus Christ Himself. He is the quintessential faithful and wise steward, appointed by the Father to oversee His entire household—the church and all of creation. Jesus perfectly understood the Father's will and faithfully executed it, even to the point of death on the cross ([Philippians 2:8](/philippians/2-8 "Philippians 2:8 - Christ's Obedience to Death")). He consistently provided spiritual "portion of meat in due season" to His disciples and to humanity, offering Himself as the [Bread of Life](/john/6-35 "John 6:35 - Jesus, the Bread of Life") and the [Living Water](/john/4-10-14 "John 4:10-14 - Jesus, the Living Water"). His entire ministry was characterized by wise discernment, perfect timing, and unwavering faithfulness to His divine mission. As the [Good Shepherd](/john/10-11 "John 10:11 - Jesus, the Good Shepherd"), He laid down His life for His sheep, demonstrating the ultimate act of stewardship and provision. Through His finished work, He not only provides for our spiritual needs but also empowers His followers to become faithful and wise stewards in His absence, anticipating His glorious return as the [Lord of all](/acts/10-36 "Acts 10:36 - Jesus Christ is Lord of All").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Matthew 24:45

Who then is a faithful and wise servant, whom his lord hath made ruler over his household, to give them meat in due season?

Matthew 24:46

Blessed [is] that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing.

1 Peter 5:1

¶ The elders which are among you I exhort, who am also an elder, and a witness of the sufferings of Christ, and also a partaker of the glory that shall be revealed:

1 Peter 5:4

And when the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away.

Hebrews 13:17

Obey them that have the rule over you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give account, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that [is] unprofitable for you.

1 Timothy 5:17

¶ Let the elders that rule well be counted worthy of double honour, especially they who labour in the word and doctrine.

1 Peter 4:10

As every man hath received the gift, [even so] minister the same one to another, as good stewards of the manifold grace of God.