Joshua 15:39

KJV

Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon,

KJV (with Strong's)

Lachish {H3923}, and Bozkath {H1218}, and Eglon {H5700},

Complete Jewish Bible

Lakhish, Bozkat, 'Eglon,

Berean Standard Bible

Lachish, Bozkath, Eglon,

American Standard Version

Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon,

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Joshua 15:39 is a concise enumeration of three cities—Lachish, Bozkath, and Eglon—within the extensive and meticulously detailed tribal inheritance allocated to Judah in the Promised Land. This verse, part of a lengthy geographical survey, underscores the precise fulfillment of God's ancient covenant promises to Abraham regarding the land of Canaan, demonstrating His faithfulness in providing a tangible inheritance for His people and establishing the foundational framework for the nascent nation of Israel.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Joshua 15 details the tribal allotment for Judah, the largest and most prominent of the Israelite tribes. The chapter begins by outlining Judah's extensive boundaries, stretching from the Dead Sea in the east to the Mediterranean in the west, and southward into the Negev. Following this boundary description, the bulk of the chapter (verses 21-62) provides an exhaustive list of cities grouped by geographical regions within Judah's territory. Joshua 15:39 falls within a cluster of cities located in the Shephelah, the low hills and plains situated between the coastal plain and the central highlands of Judah. This meticulous cataloging serves to document the fulfillment of God's promise and the orderly establishment of Israel's presence in the land, emphasizing the divine precision in the distribution of the inheritance.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The period of Joshua marks a pivotal transition for Israel from nomadic wanderers to a settled nation. After forty years in the wilderness, the conquest of Canaan was underway, and the division of the land was the crucial next step in establishing their national identity and securing their future. Land ownership was the primary basis of wealth, social status, and tribal identity in ancient Near Eastern societies. The detailed listing of cities, often including their surrounding villages, reflects the administrative practices of the time, akin to a legal deed or land registry. The specific cities mentioned, like Lachish, were often fortified strongholds, reflecting the ongoing need for defense and the strategic importance of these locations in controlling trade routes and agricultural lands in the fertile Shephelah region.
* **Key Themes:** Joshua 15:39, as part of this comprehensive land distribution, contributes significantly to several overarching themes in the book of Joshua and the broader biblical narrative. Firstly, it powerfully testifies to **Divine Faithfulness and Fulfillment**, showcasing God's unwavering commitment to His covenant promises made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob regarding the land of Canaan, as seen in [Genesis 12:7](/genesis/12-7 "Genesis 12:7 - God's Promise to Abraham") and [Genesis 15:18](/genesis/15-18 "Genesis 15:18 - The Abrahamic Covenant"). The tangible possession of specific cities demonstrates the reality of this promise. Secondly, the meticulous detail highlights **Order and Administration**, emphasizing that the settlement of Israel was not chaotic but a divinely guided and meticulously organized process under Joshua's leadership, ensuring each tribe received its rightful and clearly defined inheritance. Finally, the geographical specificity underscores the **Strategic Importance of the Land**, as these cities were vital for defense, trade, and agriculture, reflecting God's provision for the physical well-being and security of His people within their promised inheritance.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Lachish (Hebrew, _Lakhish'_):** A major fortified city in the Shephelah, southwest of Jerusalem. Its name is often associated with the root meaning "invincible" or "impregnable," reflecting its historical reputation as a formidable stronghold. Lachish was strategically vital, controlling access routes between the coastal plain and the Judean highlands. It is mentioned frequently in biblical and extra-biblical texts, notably in the Assyrian annals of Sennacherib and in the Lachish Letters, underscoring its significant role in ancient Israelite history, particularly during periods of conflict and siege. Its inclusion here signifies the possession of a key strategic point within Judah's inheritance.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Lachish":** This city was one of the most significant fortifications in the Shephelah, serving as a crucial administrative and military center. Its inclusion in Judah's inheritance signifies the tribe's control over a vital strategic point, essential for both defense and economic activity in the region. The possession of Lachish was a major step in securing Judah's western frontier.
* **"and Bozkath":** Bozkath was another town in the Shephelah, less prominent in biblical history than Lachish, but still part of the same cluster of cities allocated to Judah. Its exact location is debated, but it is generally placed near Lachish. The inclusion of such towns, even if not major centers, emphasizes the comprehensive and granular nature of the land distribution, down to every settlement within the designated territory.
* **"and Eglon":** Eglon, like Bozkath, was a city in the Shephelah, often associated geographically with Lachish. It is mentioned in the context of the Amorite kings who fought against Gibeon and were defeated by Joshua ([Joshua 10:3-5](/joshua/10-3 "Joshua 10:3-5 - The Five Kings of the Amorites")). Its listing here confirms its eventual capture and integration into the tribal territory of Judah, further demonstrating the complete fulfillment of the conquest and distribution.

#### Literary Devices
Joshua 15:39, as part of a lengthy chapter-long inventory, primarily employs the literary device of **Catalog** or **List**. This technique is used to convey a sense of completeness, order, and meticulous detail, emphasizing the thoroughness of the land distribution. The sheer volume of names, including less prominent ones like Bozkath and Eglon alongside major cities like Lachish, lends **Verisimilitude** to the narrative, making the account feel historically grounded and authentic. The repetitive use of the conjunction "and" (polysyndeton) between each city name creates a rhythmic, almost exhaustive, cadence that underscores the comprehensive nature of the inheritance and the divine precision involved in its allocation. This detailed listing serves not merely as a geographical record but as a powerful literary affirmation of God's faithfulness in fulfilling His promises down to the very last detail.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Joshua 15:39, though a seemingly mundane list of names, is profoundly significant in its theological implications. It stands as a tangible testament to God's unwavering faithfulness in fulfilling His ancient covenant promises. After centuries of waiting, the descendants of Abraham were finally possessing the land God had sworn to give them, down to the specific cities and villages. This meticulous detail underscores that God's promises are not vague generalities but precise, divinely executed realities. Furthermore, the orderly distribution of these territories, even amidst conquest, reflects God's character as a God of order and intention, establishing a structured foundation for His people. This inheritance was a gift, a demonstration of divine provision, and a secure place for Israel to dwell and flourish under God's covenant.

* [Genesis 12:7](/genesis/12-7 "God's Promise of Land to Abraham")
* [Ephesians 1:11](/ephesians/1-11 "Our Spiritual Inheritance in Christ")
* [Philippians 1:6](/philippians/1-6 "God's Faithfulness to Complete His Work")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The detailed enumeration of cities in Joshua 15:39 invites us to reflect on the nature of God's faithfulness in our own lives. Just as God meticulously fulfilled His promise to Israel by dividing the land, down to each city and village, so too does He work out the intricate details of His plans for us. His promises are not vague but are precisely and perfectly executed, even when we cannot see the full scope. This reminds us that God is attentive to the specifics of our lives and His grand redemptive plan, ensuring that every promise He makes will come to pass. Furthermore, the concept of inheritance, so central to this chapter, prompts us to consider our spiritual inheritance in Christ—a gift of eternal life, peace, and the Holy Spirit, which calls for gratitude and responsible stewardship. The order and precision in land distribution also highlight God's character as a God of order, not confusion, teaching us that divine blessing often flows through diligent effort and structured living, even amidst life's challenges.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous detail of God's land distribution to Judah encourage your trust in His faithfulness regarding the specific details of your own life?**
* **In what ways does understanding Israel's physical inheritance in the Promised Land help you appreciate your spiritual inheritance in Christ?**
* **How can you apply the principle of God's orderliness, as seen in the land distribution, to areas of your personal life or service?**

### FAQ

**Why is such a detailed list of cities included in the Bible?**

Answer: The detailed list of cities in Joshua 15, including Lachish, Bozkath, and Eglon, serves multiple crucial purposes. First, it provides a legal and historical record of the land distribution, confirming the fulfillment of God's ancient covenant promises to Abraham regarding the land of Canaan ([Genesis 15:18](/genesis/15-18 "God's Covenant with Abraham")). This meticulous inventory underscores God's faithfulness and the tangible reality of the inheritance. Second, it established the clear boundaries and identities of the twelve tribes, preventing future disputes and laying the administrative foundation for the nation of Israel. Third, it demonstrates the thoroughness of the conquest and the divine orderliness of the settlement process. Finally, for the original audience, it would have been a vital document for understanding their tribal heritage, land rights, and the extent of their national territory.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While Joshua 15:39 is a geographical listing, it finds profound Christ-centered fulfillment through the overarching themes it represents. The secure possession of the Promised Land by Judah, symbolized by cities like Lachish, foreshadows the ultimate spiritual inheritance and secure rest that believers receive in Christ. Just as the land was a gift from God, so too is salvation and eternal life a gracious gift received through faith in Jesus, the true [Lamb of God](/john/1-29 "John 1:29 - Jesus, the Lamb of God"). The meticulous fulfillment of God's promise to provide a physical dwelling place for Israel points to the greater promise of a spiritual dwelling place and eternal communion with God through Christ, who is our true [Promised Land](/hebrews/4-9 "Hebrews 4:9 - The Sabbath Rest for God's People"). The establishment of the earthly kingdom of Israel, with its defined territories and ordered administration, serves as a type for the spiritual kingdom of God, which is inaugurated by Christ and will find its ultimate consummation in the new heavens and new earth, where God's people will dwell securely with Him forever ([Revelation 21:1-4](/revelation/21-1 "Revelation 21:1-4 - The New Heaven and New Earth")). Thus, this seemingly mundane verse ultimately points to God's faithfulness in providing an eternal, secure, and ordered inheritance for all who are in Christ.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Joshua 10:3

Wherefore Adonizedek king of Jerusalem sent unto Hoham king of Hebron, and unto Piram king of Jarmuth, and unto Japhia king of Lachish, and unto Debir king of Eglon, saying,

2 Kings 22:1

¶ Josiah [was] eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned thirty and one years in Jerusalem. And his mother's name [was] Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Boscath.

Joshua 10:31

And Joshua passed from Libnah, and all Israel with him, unto Lachish, and encamped against it, and fought against it:

Joshua 10:32

And the LORD delivered Lachish into the hand of Israel, which took it on the second day, and smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls that [were] therein, according to all that he had done to Libnah.

Joshua 12:11

The king of Jarmuth, one; the king of Lachish, one;

Joshua 12:12

The king of Eglon, one; the king of Gezer, one;

2 Kings 18:14

And Hezekiah king of Judah sent to the king of Assyria to Lachish, saying, I have offended; return from me: that which thou puttest on me will I bear. And the king of Assyria appointed unto Hezekiah king of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold.