John 3:2

KJV

The same came to Jesus by night, and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God: for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him.

KJV (with Strong's)

The same {G3778} came {G2064} to {G4314} Jesus {G2424} by night {G3571}, and {G2532} said {G2036} unto him {G846}, Rabbi {G4461}, we know {G1492} that {G3754} thou art {G2064} a teacher {G1320} come {G2064} from {G575} God {G2316}: for {G1063} no man {G3762} can {G1410} do {G4160} these {G5023} miracles {G4592} that {G3739} thou {G4771} doest {G4160}, except {G3362} God {G2316} be {G5600} with {G3326} him {G846}.

Complete Jewish Bible

This man came to Yeshua by night and said to him, “Rabbi, we know it is from God that you have come as a teacher; for no one can do these miracles you perform unless God is with him.”

Berean Standard Bible

He came to Jesus at night and said, “Rabbi, we know that You are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs You are doing if God were not with him.”

American Standard Version

the same came unto him by night, and said to him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that thou doest, except God be with him.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
[John 3:2](/john/3-2 "John 3:2 - Nicodemus Comes to Jesus") introduces Nicodemus, a prominent Jewish leader, who seeks out Jesus under the cover of night. His address to Jesus as "Rabbi" and his subsequent confession reveal a profound recognition of Jesus's divine authority and origin, stemming from the undeniable power and nature of the miracles Jesus performed. Nicodemus's statement implies that such extraordinary works could only be accomplished by someone with whom God was intimately present, setting the stage for Jesus's deeper theological discourse.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows a section ( [John 2:23-25](/john/2-23-25 "John 2:23-25 - Jesus Knows All Men") ) where Jesus performs many signs in Jerusalem during the Passover, leading many to believe in His name. However, John notes that Jesus "did not entrust himself to them, for he knew all people." Nicodemus's visit is a direct response to these signs, representing a more serious and personal inquiry than the superficial belief of the crowds. The conversation initiated here then flows directly into one of the most foundational theological discourses in the Gospel of John, where Jesus teaches Nicodemus about the necessity of being [born again](/john/3-3-8 "John 3:3-8 - Born Again by the Spirit") by water and the Spirit, culminating in the declaration of [God's love for the world](/john/3-16 "John 3:16 - God So Loved the World").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Nicodemus is identified later in the Gospel ( [John 7:50](/john/7-50 "John 7:50 - Nicodemus Defends Jesus") ) as "one of them" (a Pharisee and a ruler of the Jews), implying he was a member of the Sanhedrin, the supreme Jewish judicial and administrative council. Pharisees were known for their strict adherence to the Mosaic Law and oral traditions. For such a high-ranking religious authority to seek out Jesus, a relatively unknown teacher from Galilee, was highly unusual. His decision to come "by night" is often interpreted as a desire for secrecy, perhaps to avoid public scrutiny or repercussions from his peers who were largely hostile to Jesus. However, it could also indicate a time when a busy leader could find quiet for serious theological discussion, away from the crowds. The title "Rabbi" (meaning "my master" or "my teacher") was a respectful address for esteemed religious instructors.
* **Key Themes:** [John 3:2](/john/3-2 "John 3:2 - Nicodemus Comes to Jesus") introduces several key themes that resonate throughout the Gospel of John. Firstly, it highlights the **recognition of Jesus's divine authority**, even by those within the established religious system, based on His miraculous works. These "miracles" are consistently presented in John as **"signs" (sēmeia)**, pointing beyond themselves to Jesus's true identity and mission as the Son of God (e.g., [John 2:11](/john/2-11 "John 2:11 - First Sign at Cana")). Secondly, the encounter underscores the **contrast between earthly wisdom and divine revelation**, as Nicodemus, despite his vast knowledge of the Law, must be taught fundamental spiritual truths by Jesus. Finally, Nicodemus's nocturnal visit subtly introduces the theme of **light versus darkness**, a pervasive motif in John, where Jesus is the [Light of the World](/john/8-12 "John 8:12 - Jesus, Light of the World") and those who come to Him come into the light ( [John 3:19-21](/john/3-19-21 "John 3:19-21 - Light and Darkness") ).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **teacher (Greek, _didáskalos'_):** From G1320, meaning an instructor or master. Nicodemus's use of this title acknowledges Jesus's role as a respected religious authority, but his subsequent words elevate Jesus beyond a mere human teacher, recognizing His divine appointment.
* **know (Greek, _eídō'_):** From G1492, a primary verb meaning to see (literally or figuratively), and by implication, in the perfect tense, to know. This suggests Nicodemus's knowledge is not theoretical but based on direct observation and experience of Jesus's works. It implies a certain level of intellectual conviction derived from empirical evidence.
* **miracles (Greek, _sēmeîon'_):** From G4592, meaning an indication, especially ceremonially or supernaturally; a sign, token, or wonder. In John's Gospel, these are not just displays of power but "signs" that point to a deeper spiritual reality and reveal Jesus's true identity as the Son of God. Nicodemus correctly interprets them as evidence of God's presence with Jesus.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"The same came to Jesus by night":** "The same" refers to Nicodemus, a Pharisee and ruler of the Jews. His coming "by night" suggests either a desire for privacy and serious theological discussion away from the crowds, or a cautious approach due to his high position and the potential social and political repercussions of openly associating with Jesus, given the growing opposition from the Jewish leadership.
* **"and said unto him, Rabbi, we know that thou art a teacher come from God":** Nicodemus addresses Jesus with respect, using the title "Rabbi." The phrase "we know" indicates that Nicodemus is not alone in this conviction; other Jewish leaders or learned individuals had also observed Jesus's ministry and concluded that His teaching and authority were divinely sanctioned. This statement is a significant confession, acknowledging Jesus's unique relationship with God.
* **"for no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him":** This clause provides the logical foundation for Nicodemus's confession. He correctly infers that the extraordinary nature of Jesus's "miracles" (signs) transcends human capability. Such works could only be performed by someone empowered by God, indicating a direct and intimate divine presence and partnership. This highlights the evidential value of Jesus's signs in revealing His divine origin and mission.

#### Literary Devices
The passage employs several significant literary devices. **Irony** is present in Nicodemus, a "teacher of Israel" ( [John 3:10](/john/3-10 "John 3:10 - Nicodemus, a Teacher of Israel") ), coming to Jesus, a relatively uncredentialed Galilean, to be taught. Furthermore, the **Symbolism** of "night" contrasts with Jesus as the "light of the world," subtly introducing the theme of spiritual darkness and the need for divine illumination that Jesus will elaborate on. Nicodemus's initial understanding, though profound for a religious leader, is still limited, serving as **Foreshadowing** for the deeper spiritual truths that Jesus is about to reveal regarding spiritual rebirth. The entire statement acts as an **Argument from Miracles**, where the undeniable supernatural works of Jesus serve as irrefutable evidence of His divine commission and the presence of God with Him.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
[John 3:2](/john/3-2 "John 3:2 - Nicodemus Comes to Jesus") establishes a foundational theological truth: God's active presence is discernible through extraordinary works. Nicodemus's recognition that "no man can do these miracles... except God be with him" underscores the biblical principle that divine power often accompanies divine revelation. These "signs" are not mere magic tricks but purposeful demonstrations of God's character and plan, validating the messenger and the message. This concept is crucial for understanding how God authenticates His chosen servants throughout salvation history, from Moses's signs in Egypt to the apostles' miracles in the early church. It also highlights the intellectual honesty required to acknowledge God's work even when it challenges preconceived notions or personal comfort.

* [Acts 2:22](/acts/2-22 "Acts 2:22 - Jesus, a Man Attested by God"): "Ye men of Israel, hear these words; Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved of God among you by miracles and wonders and signs, which God did by him in the midst of you, as ye yourselves also know."
* [Hebrews 2:4](/hebrews/2-4 "Hebrews 2:4 - God Bearing Witness with Signs"): "God also bearing them witness, both with signs and wonders, and with divers miracles, and gifts of the Holy Ghost, according to his own will?"
* [Matthew 11:4-5](/matthew/11-4-5 "Matthew 11:4-5 - Jesus' Works as Evidence for John the Baptist"): "Jesus answered and said unto them, Go and shew John again those things which ye do hear and see: The blind receive their sight, and the lame walk, the lepers are cleansed, and the deaf hear, the dead are raised up, and the poor have the gospel preached to them."

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Nicodemus's nocturnal visit to Jesus offers profound lessons for contemporary believers. Despite his esteemed position as a "ruler of the Jews" and a "teacher of Israel," he demonstrates a remarkable humility and intellectual curiosity. He was willing to set aside his status and seek truth from an unconventional source, driven by the undeniable evidence of Jesus's miracles. This challenges us to examine our own openness to truth, especially when it comes from unexpected places or challenges our established beliefs. Are we willing to seek deeper understanding, even if it means stepping out of our comfort zones or risking our reputation? Furthermore, Nicodemus's statement reminds us to look for God's active presence in the world around us. Do we recognize His hand in the extraordinary and the seemingly ordinary? His journey, which continues later in John's Gospel ( [John 7:50-52](/john/7-50-52 "John 7:50-52 - Nicodemus Defends Jesus") and [John 19:39-42](/john/19-39-42 "John 19:39-42 - Nicodemus Helps Bury Jesus") ), shows a gradual growth in faith and commitment, from a secret inquirer to a courageous disciple. This encourages us that faith is often a process, and God meets us where we are, inviting us into deeper relationship and understanding.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What motivates you to seek spiritual truth, and are you willing to pursue it even if it challenges your current understanding or social standing?**
* **How do you recognize God's presence and activity in the world today?**
* **In what ways might you be like Nicodemus, needing to move from intellectual assent to a deeper, more personal commitment to Christ?**
* **What "signs" or evidences of God's work have you witnessed that have deepened your faith or prompted further inquiry?**

### FAQ
**Why did Nicodemus come to Jesus by night?**

Answer: The text states Nicodemus "came to Jesus by night." This is commonly interpreted in two primary ways, both potentially true. First, it could signify a desire for secrecy due to his prominent position as a Pharisee and a member of the Sanhedrin. Openly associating with Jesus, who was increasingly viewed with suspicion by the Jewish authorities, could have jeopardized his reputation or standing. Second, coming by night might have been a practical choice, offering a private, uninterrupted time for a serious theological discussion, away from the crowds and the demands of his daily responsibilities. Given his deep inquiry, it suggests a genuine desire for truth that outweighed potential social risks.

**What does "Rabbi" mean in this context, and what does it reveal about Nicodemus's view of Jesus?**

Answer: "Rabbi" (Greek: _rhabbí_, from Hebrew) literally means "my master" or "my teacher." It was a title of high respect given to esteemed religious teachers and scholars in Jewish society. Nicodemus's use of "Rabbi" indicates that he recognized Jesus as a legitimate and respected teacher. However, his subsequent statement, "we know that thou art a teacher come from God," elevates his respect beyond mere human recognition. It reveals his conviction that Jesus's authority and wisdom were not merely human but divinely sourced, a profound acknowledgment of Jesus's unique relationship with God.

**What is the significance of the "miracles" (signs) Jesus performed, according to Nicodemus?**

Answer: Nicodemus explicitly states, "no man can do these miracles that thou doest, except God be with him." For Nicodemus, Jesus's "miracles" (Greek: _sēmeîon_, meaning "signs") were not just impressive feats but undeniable evidence of God's presence and active involvement with Jesus. In John's Gospel, these "signs" consistently point beyond the physical act to a deeper spiritual truth about Jesus's identity as the Son of God and His divine mission. Nicodemus correctly interpreted them as divine authentication, a clear indication that Jesus was sent by God and empowered by Him.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Nicodemus's confession in [John 3:2](/john/3-2 "John 3:2 - Nicodemus Comes to Jesus") serves as a crucial Christ-centered fulfillment, even in its initial, limited understanding. His recognition that Jesus is "a teacher come from God" because "no man can do these miracles... except God be with him" points directly to the incarnate Christ. The "God... with him" is not merely an external presence but the very essence of the [Word made flesh](/john/1-14 "John 1:14 - The Word Became Flesh"), in whom "all the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily" ( [Colossians 2:9](/colossians/2-9 "Colossians 2:9 - Fullness of God in Christ") ). The signs Jesus performs are not just wonders but divine attestations to His unique identity as the Son, revealing the Father ( [John 14:9](/john/14-9 "John 14:9 - He Who Has Seen Me Has Seen the Father") ). Nicodemus's intellectual acknowledgment of Jesus's divine commission based on external evidence sets the stage for Jesus's revelation of the deeper, spiritual necessity of new birth, which is only possible through faith in the Son of God, who came to save the world ( [John 3:16-17](/john/3-16-17 "John 3:16-17 - God Sent His Son") ). Thus, this verse initiates a journey from recognizing Jesus as a divinely empowered teacher to understanding Him as the divine Savior, the ultimate fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

John 5:36

But I have greater witness than [that] of John: for the works which the Father hath given me to finish, the same works that I do, bear witness of me, that the Father hath sent me.

Acts 10:38

How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.

Acts 2:22

Ye men of Israel, hear these words; Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved of God among you by miracles and wonders and signs, which God did by him in the midst of you, as ye yourselves also know:

Acts 4:16

Saying, What shall we do to these men? for that indeed a notable miracle hath been done by them [is] manifest to all them that dwell in Jerusalem; and we cannot deny [it].

Acts 4:17

But that it spread no further among the people, let us straitly threaten them, that they speak henceforth to no man in this name.

John 9:30

The man answered and said unto them, Why herein is a marvellous thing, that ye know not from whence he is, and [yet] he hath opened mine eyes.

John 9:33

If this man were not of God, he could do nothing.