Jeremiah 40:5

KJV

Now while he was not yet gone back, [he said], Go back also to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, whom the king of Babylon hath made governor over the cities of Judah, and dwell with him among the people: or go wheresoever it seemeth convenient unto thee to go. So the captain of the guard gave him victuals and a reward, and let him go.

KJV (with Strong's)

Now while he was not yet gone back {H7725}, he said, Go back {H7725} also to Gedaliah {H1436} the son {H1121} of Ahikam {H296} the son {H1121} of Shaphan {H8227}, whom the king {H4428} of Babylon {H894} hath made governor {H6485} over the cities {H5892} of Judah {H3063}, and dwell {H3427} with him among {H8432} the people {H5971}: or go {H3212} wheresoever it seemeth convenient {H3477}{H5869} unto thee to go {H3212}. So the captain {H7227} of the guard {H2876} gave {H5414} him victuals {H737} and a reward {H4864}, and let him go {H7971}.

Complete Jewish Bible

Before Yirmeyahu could answer, [N'vuzar'adan said,] "Go back then to G'dalyahu the son of Achikam, the son of Shafan, whom the king of Bavel has made governor over the cities of Y'hudah, and live with him among the people; or go wherever it seems right for you to go." The commander of the guard gave him provisions and a gift, and dismissed him.

Berean Standard Bible

But before Jeremiah turned to go, Nebuzaradan added, “Return to Gedaliah son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, whom the king of Babylon has appointed over the cities of Judah, and stay with him among the people, or go anywhere else that seems right.” Then the captain of the guard gave him a ration and a gift and released him.

American Standard Version

Now while he was not yet gone back, Go back then, said he, to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, whom the king of Babylon hath made governor over the cities of Judah, and dwell with him among the people; or go wheresoever it seemeth right unto thee to go. So the captain of the guard gave him victuals and a present, and let him go.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Jeremiah 40:5 details the surprising and gracious treatment of the prophet Jeremiah by Nebuzaradan, the captain of Nebuchadnezzar's guard, following the devastating fall of Jerusalem. Having been initially bound with other captives, Jeremiah is singled out, offered a choice to either reside with Gedaliah, the newly appointed Babylonian governor over the remnant of Judah, or to go anywhere he desires. This pivotal moment underscores divine providence amidst national catastrophe, as Jeremiah receives not only freedom but also provisions and a reward from his captors, setting the stage for the challenging post-exilic period in Judah.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Jeremiah 40:5 immediately follows the account of Jerusalem's destruction and the initial treatment of its inhabitants in [Jeremiah 39](/jeremiah/39 "Jeremiah 39 - The Fall of Jerusalem"). Specifically, [Jeremiah 40:1-4](/jeremiah/40-1-4 "Jeremiah 40:1-4 - Jeremiah's Release") describes Nebuzaradan finding Jeremiah among the captives at Ramah and releasing him, acknowledging Jeremiah's prophetic warnings as divine judgment. The captain’s words in [Jeremiah 40:2-3](/jeremiah/40-2-3 "Jeremiah 40:2-3 - Nebuzaradan's Acknowledgment of God's Word") reveal a remarkable understanding of Yahweh's role in the conquest, indicating that the Babylonians recognized Jeremiah's prophetic authority. Verse 5 then presents the practical options given to Jeremiah, demonstrating the specific instructions Nebuchadnezzar had given concerning the prophet (as mentioned in [Jeremiah 39:11-12](/jeremiah/39-11-12 "Jeremiah 39:11-12 - Nebuchadnezzar's Command Regarding Jeremiah")). This verse thus serves as a crucial transition point, moving from the immediate aftermath of the siege to the establishment of the new administrative structure under Gedaliah.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The setting is the grim aftermath of the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem in 586 BC, a cataclysmic event that marked the end of the Kingdom of Judah. The Babylonians, under King Nebuchadnezzar, typically deported conquered populations to prevent rebellion and integrate them into their empire. However, a small remnant was often left behind to manage the land. In this case, Nebuchadnezzar appointed Gedaliah, son of Ahikam, as governor over the remaining Jewish population in Judah. Gedaliah's lineage was significant: his father, Ahikam, had protected Jeremiah from assassination attempts (as seen in [Jeremiah 26:24](/jeremiah/26-24 "Jeremiah 26:24 - Ahikam's Protection of Jeremiah")), and his grandfather, Shaphan, was a respected scribe during King Josiah's reign, instrumental in the rediscovery of the Book of the Law ([2 Kings 22:8-10](/2_kings/22-8-10 "2 Kings 22:8-10 - Shaphan and the Discovery of the Law")). This family background likely made Gedaliah a pragmatic and acceptable choice for the Babylonians, as he represented a pro-Babylonian faction that had advised submission, and potentially for a segment of the remaining Jewish population who would recognize his family's standing. The surprising leniency shown to Jeremiah by Nebuzaradan reflects not only Nebuchadnezzar's specific orders but also a cultural understanding that prophets, even those of a defeated nation, held a unique spiritual status.

* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes to several overarching themes within the book of Jeremiah and biblical theology. Firstly, it powerfully illustrates **Divine Providence and Protection**; despite the national catastrophe and Jeremiah's previous suffering at the hands of his own people, God ensures the safety and well-being of His faithful prophet through unexpected means—the conquering enemy. This highlights God's sovereignty even in the midst of judgment and exile. Secondly, the verse emphasizes **Freedom of Choice**, a remarkable concession from a victorious conqueror to a captive, allowing Jeremiah to choose his path, whether to stay with Gedaliah or go elsewhere. This autonomy underscores the personal nature of God's care. Thirdly, it showcases **Compassion from Unexpected Sources**, as the Babylonian captain not only releases Jeremiah but also provides him with "victuals and a reward," an act of kindness contrasting sharply with the harsh treatment Jeremiah often received from his own countrymen (e.g., [Jeremiah 37:15-16](/jeremiah/37-15-16 "Jeremiah 37:15-16 - Jeremiah's Imprisonment")). Finally, the appointment of Gedaliah signifies the **Establishment of New Leadership** and the beginning of a new, albeit challenging, administrative structure for the remnant, marking a transition into the post-exilic period for those left in Judah.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Gedaliah (Hebrew, _Gᵉdalyâh'_):** From the Hebrew roots meaning "Jah has become great," Gedaliah's name itself carries theological weight, suggesting divine favor or appointment. He is presented as a figure chosen by God's providence, even through the agency of the Babylonian king, to lead the remnant of Judah. His name's meaning could subtly hint at the enduring greatness of God, even in the midst of national humiliation.
* **Governor (Hebrew, _pâqad'_):** This verb, translated as "made governor," signifies more than just appointing; it implies a visitation with intent, an overseeing, a mustering, or a charging with care. Nebuchadnezzar "visited" or "appointed with oversight" Gedaliah, entrusting him with the management of the remaining cities of Judah, highlighting a deliberate and authoritative delegation of power and responsibility. This word emphasizes the active role of the king in establishing this new order.
* **Reward (Hebrew, _masʼêth'_):** This term refers to a "present," "gift," or "allowance." It is not merely payment but a provision given out of favor or respect, emphasizing Nebuzaradan's benevolent attitude towards Jeremiah. It signifies a lifting up or a portion given, underscoring the unexpected grace extended to the prophet, ensuring his sustenance and dignity.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Now while he was not yet gone back, [he said], Go back also to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, whom the king of Babylon hath made governor over the cities of Judah,"**: This clause establishes the immediate context of Jeremiah's release and the specific instruction given to him. Nebuzaradan, acting on Nebuchadnezzar's orders, directs Jeremiah to Gedaliah. The detailed lineage of Gedaliah (son of Ahikam, son of Shaphan) serves to identify him clearly and perhaps to legitimize his appointment to Jeremiah, given his family's known history and association with righteous kings like Josiah. The appointment of a governor over the "cities of Judah" signifies Babylon's intent to maintain control and administrative order over the devastated territory.
* **"and dwell with him among the people:"**: This is the primary recommendation for Jeremiah's immediate future. To "dwell" (Hebrew, _yâshab'_) implies settling down, remaining, and establishing a life among the surviving Jewish population. This instruction suggests a desire for stability and the re-establishment of some form of community life under Gedaliah's leadership, perhaps leveraging Jeremiah's influence for peaceful coexistence.
* **"or go wheresoever it seemeth convenient unto thee to go."**: This remarkable concession offers Jeremiah complete freedom of choice. The phrase "wheresoeever it seemeth convenient unto thee to go" (Hebrew, _yâshâr ʻayin'_, literally "what is straight in your eyes" or "what seems right to you") grants Jeremiah autonomy over his future. This is an extraordinary act of leniency from a conquering power towards a prophet of a defeated nation, highlighting the special regard shown to Jeremiah.
* **"So the captain of the guard gave him victuals and a reward, and let him go."**: This final clause details the practical provisions and the ultimate act of release. The "victuals" (food) and "reward" (a gift or allowance) ensure Jeremiah's immediate sustenance and demonstrate genuine care and respect from Nebuzaradan. The act of "letting him go" (Hebrew, _shâlach'_, to send away, release) signifies Jeremiah's full liberation and the fulfillment of Nebuchadnezzar's command regarding his safety.

#### Literary Devices
Jeremiah 40:5 employs several literary devices to enhance its meaning and impact. **Irony** is prominent, as the prophet who was persecuted and imprisoned by his own people (e.g., [Jeremiah 37:15](/jeremiah/37-15 "Jeremiah 37:15 - Jeremiah's Imprisonment")) now receives preferential treatment, provisions, and freedom from the very enemy who conquered Judah. This unexpected kindness from a foreign military leader underscores the depth of the divine hand at work. There is also an element of **Divine Providence**, subtly conveyed through the extraordinary circumstances of Jeremiah's release and provision. God's care for His faithful servant is demonstrated through the actions of seemingly secular agents, fulfilling His promise to protect Jeremiah (as in [Jeremiah 1:19](/jeremiah/1-19 "Jeremiah 1:19 - God's Promise to Jeremiah")). Furthermore, the explicit offer of choice ("or go wheresoever it seemeth convenient unto thee to go") functions as a form of **Empowerment**, granting Jeremiah agency in a situation where all others are stripped of it, symbolizing a unique divine favor even in the midst of national subjugation.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Jeremiah 40:5 stands as a powerful testament to God's unwavering faithfulness and sovereign care for His chosen servants, even amidst the most devastating national judgments. It reveals that divine providence operates through unexpected channels, using even the actions of foreign adversaries to accomplish His purposes. Jeremiah, who faithfully proclaimed God's unpopular message of judgment, now experiences God's protective hand in a way that contrasts sharply with the hostility he faced from his own countrymen. This verse underscores the principle that those who honor God, even in difficult circumstances, will ultimately be honored by Him. It teaches that God's grace can manifest in surprising acts of kindness from unlikely sources, providing for His people's needs and granting them freedom even when all seems lost.

* [Psalm 91:1-2](/psalm/91-1-2 "Psalm 91:1-2 - God's Protection")
* [Proverbs 16:7](/proverbs/16-7 "Proverbs 16:7 - Favor from Enemies")
* [Romans 8:28](/romans/8-28 "Romans 8:28 - God Works for Good")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Jeremiah 40:5 offers profound insights into navigating life's most challenging seasons. In moments of personal or collective devastation, this verse reminds us that God's care for His faithful remains steadfast. Just as Jeremiah found unexpected favor from his captors, we too may experience God's provision and protection through surprising people or circumstances. It challenges us to maintain integrity and faithfulness, even when our message or actions are unpopular, trusting that God will ultimately vindicate and provide for us. The freedom of choice offered to Jeremiah encourages us to seek God's guidance when faced with difficult decisions, recognizing that even in situations beyond our control, God can grant us agency and direct our steps. Furthermore, Nebuzaradan's unexpected kindness serves as a powerful reminder to be open to receiving grace from any source and to extend compassion and generosity to others, regardless of their background or our perceived differences.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life have you experienced God's provision or protection through unexpected sources or in surprising ways?**
* **How does Jeremiah's experience of receiving favor from his enemies challenge your perspective on who God can use to bless you or others?**
* **When facing difficult choices or significant life transitions, how can you apply the principle of seeking God's "convenient" path, trusting His guidance?**
* **What does this passage teach you about maintaining faithfulness and integrity, even when it leads to unpopularity or suffering?**

### FAQ

**Why was Jeremiah treated so well by the Babylonians, especially after they conquered Judah?**

Answer: Jeremiah was treated well by the Babylonians primarily due to specific instructions from King Nebuchadnezzar himself. [Jeremiah 39:11-12](/jeremiah/39-11-12 "Jeremiah 39:11-12 - Nebuchadnezzar's Command Regarding Jeremiah") records Nebuchadnezzar commanding Nebuzaradan, the captain of the guard, to "look well to him, and do him no harm; but do unto him even as he shall say unto thee." This respect likely stemmed from the Babylonians' awareness of Jeremiah's consistent prophecies that advised submission to Babylon, which aligned with their imperial interests. They may have viewed him as a prophet of the true God who spoke truth, even if it was against his own nation, and therefore worthy of special consideration. Furthermore, the Babylonian general Nebuzaradan himself seems to acknowledge Yahweh's hand in Judah's defeat, as seen in [Jeremiah 40:2-3](/jeremiah/40-2-3 "Jeremiah 40:2-3 - Nebuzaradan's Acknowledgment of God's Word"), which might have contributed to his respectful treatment of Jeremiah.

**Who was Gedaliah, and why was he appointed governor?**

Answer: Gedaliah was the son of Ahikam and grandson of Shaphan. He was appointed governor over the remnant of Judah by the king of Babylon. His family had a history of being sympathetic to Jeremiah and advocating for submission to Babylon, which would have made him a trustworthy choice for the Babylonians. His father, Ahikam, had previously protected Jeremiah from those who sought to kill him ([Jeremiah 26:24](/jeremiah/26-24 "Jeremiah 26:24 - Ahikam's Protection of Jeremiah")), and his grandfather, Shaphan, was a respected scribe during King Josiah's reign ([2 Kings 22:8-10](/2_kings/22-8-10 "2 Kings 22:8-10 - Shaphan and the Discovery of the Law")). This lineage would have given him a degree of legitimacy among the remaining Jewish population while also assuring the Babylonians of his loyalty. His appointment was part of Babylon's strategy to establish a new, albeit subdued, administrative structure for the conquered territory.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Jeremiah 40:5, with its themes of unexpected grace, divine protection for a faithful servant, and the establishment of new leadership, finds profound Christ-centered fulfillment. Just as Jeremiah, despite being bound with captives, was singled out for special favor and freedom, so too does Christ, the ultimate Prophet and faithful Servant, offer liberation and new life to those enslaved by sin ([John 8:36](/john/8-36 "John 8:36 - The Son Sets You Free")). The "victuals and a reward" given to Jeremiah foreshadow the abundant provision and spiritual nourishment that Christ offers to His followers, becoming the true "Bread of Life" ([John 6:35](/john/6-35 "John 6:35 - Jesus, the Bread of Life")) and bestowing eternal rewards ([Matthew 6:19-21](/matthew/6-19-21 "Matthew 6:19-21 - Treasures in Heaven")). Moreover, Gedaliah's appointment as governor over a remnant points to Christ as the ultimate and perfect Governor and Shepherd of His people. Unlike Gedaliah, whose governorship was tragically short-lived ([Jeremiah 41:1-2](/jeremiah/41-1-2 "Jeremiah 41:1-2 - Gedaliah's Assassination")), Christ's reign is eternal, establishing a spiritual kingdom where His followers dwell securely under His perfect care ([Colossians 1:13-14](/colossians/1-13-14 "Colossians 1:13-14 - Delivered from Darkness")). The choice offered to Jeremiah—to dwell with Gedaliah or go wherever he pleased—ultimately finds its deepest echo in the invitation of Christ: to come to Him for rest and true freedom, to find our ultimate dwelling place in Him ([Matthew 11:28-30](/matthew/11-28-30 "Matthew 11:28-30 - Come to Me")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Jeremiah 39:14

Even they sent, and took Jeremiah out of the court of the prison, and committed him unto Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan, that he should carry him home: so he dwelt among the people.

2 Kings 8:7

¶ And Elisha came to Damascus; and Benhadad the king of Syria was sick; and it was told him, saying, The man of God is come hither.

2 Kings 8:9

So Hazael went to meet him, and took a present with him, even of every good thing of Damascus, forty camels' burden, and came and stood before him, and said, Thy son Benhadad king of Syria hath sent me to thee, saying, Shall I recover of this disease?

Jeremiah 41:2

Then arose Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and the ten men that were with him, and smote Gedaliah the son of Ahikam the son of Shaphan with the sword, and slew him, whom the king of Babylon had made governor over the land.

Hebrews 13:6

So that we may boldly say, The Lord [is] my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me.

Nehemiah 1:11

O Lord, I beseech thee, let now thine ear be attentive to the prayer of thy servant, and to the prayer of thy servants, who desire to fear thy name: and prosper, I pray thee, thy servant this day, and grant him mercy in the sight of this man. For I was the king's cupbearer.

2 Kings 25:22

¶ And [as for] the people that remained in the land of Judah, whom Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon had left, even over them he made Gedaliah the son of Ahikam, the son of Shaphan, ruler.