Isaiah 33:11

KJV

Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble: your breath, [as] fire, shall devour you.

KJV (with Strong's)

Ye shall conceive {H2029} chaff {H2842}, ye shall bring forth {H3205} stubble {H7179}: your breath {H7307}, as fire {H784}, shall devour {H398} you.

Complete Jewish Bible

You conceive chaff and give birth to stubble, your breath is a fire devouring you.

Berean Standard Bible

You conceive chaff; you give birth to stubble. Your breath is a fire that will consume you.

American Standard Version

Ye shall conceive chaff, ye shall bring forth stubble: your breath is a fire that shall devour you.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Isaiah 33:11 delivers a stark prophetic warning, illustrating the utter futility and self-destructive nature of human schemes that oppose God's righteous will. Through vivid agricultural and elemental metaphors, the verse declares that the malicious intentions and efforts of the wicked, particularly the oppressive Assyrians, will yield nothing but worthless waste, and their very own destructive impulses will ultimately consume them. It serves as a powerful declaration of divine judgment against arrogance and injustice, highlighting the inevitable downfall of those who stand against the Lord.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Isaiah 33 is a dramatic prophetic oracle, shifting between lament, prayer, and divine declaration of judgment and salvation. The chapter opens with a woe pronounced against the "destroyer" (likely Assyria, which had ravaged Judah), followed by a plea for God's mercy and intervention. Verses 10-12 represent a pivotal moment where the Lord declares His intention to "rise up" and act decisively. Our verse, [Isaiah 33:11](/isaiah/33-11 "Isaiah 33:11 - The Futility of Wicked Schemes"), is embedded within this divine pronouncement, specifically detailing the worthless outcome of the oppressor's efforts, contrasting sharply with the security and peace promised to the righteous in subsequent verses like [Isaiah 33:16](/isaiah/33-16 "Isaiah 33:16 - The Dwelling of the Righteous"). The immediate preceding verse, [Isaiah 33:10](/isaiah/33-10 "Isaiah 33:10 - The Lord Rises Up"), sets the stage for this judgment, stating, "Now will I rise, saith the LORD; now will I be exalted; now will I lift up myself." This divine action directly leads to the futility described in verse 11.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The primary historical backdrop for Isaiah 33 is the late 8th century BCE, specifically the period of Assyrian aggression against Judah, culminating in Sennacherib's invasion around 701 BCE. The Assyrian Empire was the dominant superpower of the ancient Near East, known for its brutal military campaigns, deportation policies, and oppressive tribute demands. Judah, under King Hezekiah, had sought an alliance with Egypt (a move often condemned by Isaiah, e.g., [Isaiah 30:1-7](/isaiah/30-1 "Isaiah 30:1-7 - Woe to Rebellious Children")) but ultimately faced the Assyrian onslaught. The agricultural imagery of "chaff" and "stubble" would have been immediately understandable to an agrarian society, representing worthlessness and material for burning. The concept of "breath" (ruach) as an internal force, whether spirit or intention, was also deeply ingrained in Hebrew thought. This prophecy serves as a divine commentary on the geopolitical realities of the time, assuring Judah that even the mightiest human empire is subject to God's ultimate judgment.
* **Key Themes:** Several major theological and narrative themes resonate throughout [the book of Isaiah](/isaiah/1 "The Book of Isaiah - Prophecies of Judgment and Salvation") and are powerfully encapsulated in [Isaiah 33:11](/isaiah/33-11 "Isaiah 33:11 - The Futility of Wicked Schemes"). **Divine Judgment** is paramount, as God asserts His sovereignty over all nations and declares His righteous wrath against injustice and pride, a theme echoed in [Isaiah 13:1-22](/isaiah/13 "Isaiah 13 - Prophecy Against Babylon"). The **Futility of Wickedness** is vividly portrayed; human efforts divorced from God's will are depicted as inherently unproductive and destined for failure, yielding only "chaff" and "stubble." This aligns with the broader biblical principle that "the way of the wicked is like deep darkness" ([Proverbs 4:19](/proverbs/4-19 "Proverbs 4:19 - The Way of the Wicked")). Furthermore, the verse highlights **Self-Inflicted Consequences**, where the very nature and actions of the wicked become the instruments of their own undoing. This concept is a recurring motif in wisdom literature, such as [Psalm 7:15-16](/psalms/7-15 "Psalm 7:15-16 - The Wicked Fall Into Their Own Pit"). Ultimately, the verse underscores **God's Sovereignty**, demonstrating that despite the apparent power and success of oppressors, the Lord remains in control, ensuring that justice will prevail and His purposes will be accomplished.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Conceive (Hebrew, _hârâh'_):** This primitive root signifies "to be (or become) pregnant," encompassing the literal act of conception and, figuratively, the formation of plans or intentions. In [Isaiah 33:11](/isaiah/33-11 "Isaiah 33:11 - The Futility of Wicked Schemes"), it emphasizes the origin and nature of the wicked's schemes—they are born from their own corrupted desires and plots.
* **Chaff (Hebrew, _châshash'_):** By variation from _qash_, this term refers to "dry grass" or "chaff," the light, worthless husks separated from grain during the winnowing process. It symbolizes utter worthlessness, insubstantiality, and that which is easily dispersed or destroyed, representing the unproductive and vain outcomes of the wicked's endeavors.
* **Stubble (Hebrew, _qash'_):** Derived from _qashash_ (to gather dry grass), this word denotes "straw (as dry)" or "stubble," the short stalks left in the field after harvest. Like chaff, it signifies something of minimal value, often gathered for burning, reinforcing the idea of a worthless yield destined for destruction.
* **Breath (Hebrew, _rûwach'_):** This multifaceted word can mean "wind," "breath," "spirit," or even "anger" or "unsubstantiality." In this context, "your breath" likely refers to the very essence, intentions, or destructive words and plots of the wicked. It is their internal, animating force, which, paradoxically, becomes the agent of their own destruction.
* **Devour (Hebrew, _ʼâkal'_):** A primitive root meaning "to eat" (literally or figuratively), it extends to "burn up," "consume," or "devour." Here, it powerfully depicts the destructive consequence of the wicked's own nature and actions, implying a consuming judgment that originates from within them.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Ye shall conceive chaff":** This clause uses the metaphor of conception to describe the origin of the wicked's plans and intentions. Just as a woman conceives a child, the oppressors "conceive" their schemes. However, instead of bringing forth something valuable or substantial, they conceive "chaff," which is the worthless byproduct of grain, signifying that their very intentions and designs are inherently empty, futile, and without lasting substance.
* **"ye shall bring forth stubble":** Following the conception, this clause speaks of the "birth" or manifestation of their plans. What they produce or achieve from their conceived schemes is "stubble"—the dry, discarded remnants of a harvest. This emphasizes the unproductive and ultimately worthless outcome of their efforts. Their grand designs and oppressive actions will yield nothing but waste, destined for burning rather than sustenance.
* **"your breath, [as] fire, shall devour you":** This powerful concluding clause introduces the element of self-destruction. "Your breath" refers to their own animating spirit, their destructive intentions, their arrogant words, or even their very essence. This internal force, which they use to oppress and scheme, is likened to "fire." This "fire" is not an external judgment alone, but their own destructive nature turning inward, consuming them. It signifies that the very means by which they sought to harm others or achieve their wicked ends will boomerang, becoming the instrument of their own undoing and leading to their complete ruin.

#### Literary Devices
Isaiah 33:11 is rich with **Metaphor** and **Symbolism**, drawing heavily from agrarian life to convey its message. The comparison of the wicked's intentions to "conceiving chaff" and their outcomes to "bringing forth stubble" is a powerful agricultural metaphor. Chaff and stubble are universal symbols of worthlessness, futility, and that which is discarded or burned, contrasting sharply with the valuable grain. This imagery effectively communicates the unproductive and ultimately destructive nature of unrighteous endeavors. Furthermore, the phrase "your breath, [as] fire, shall devour you" employs **Simile** ("as fire") and potent **Symbolism**. "Breath" (ruach) here symbolizes the inner life force, intentions, or destructive words of the wicked. When this "breath" becomes "fire," it symbolizes a consuming, self-inflicted judgment, portraying the wicked's own destructive nature as the agent of their downfall. The entire verse functions as a vivid **Prophetic Warning**, using these devices to communicate God's certain judgment and the inherent self-defeating nature of rebellion against Him.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Isaiah 33:11 profoundly articulates the biblical principle of divine retribution and the inherent futility of human efforts that stand in opposition to God's righteous character. It underscores that while the wicked may conceive grand, oppressive schemes, their ultimate yield will be nothing but spiritual and practical waste, destined for destruction. This passage serves as a powerful reminder of God's unwavering sovereignty, demonstrating that He not only judges evil but often orchestrates circumstances such that the very means by which the wicked seek to harm others become the instruments of their own undoing. This divine justice is not merely punitive but revelatory, exposing the emptiness of a life lived apart from God's truth and purpose.

* [Psalm 7:14-16](/psalms/7-14 "Psalm 7:14-16 - The Wicked's Own Pit")
* [Job 4:8](/job/4-8 "Job 4:8 - Those Who Sow Trouble Reap It")
* [Galatians 6:7-8](/galatians/6-7 "Galatians 6:7-8 - Sowing and Reaping")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Isaiah 33:11 offers a profound spiritual mirror for self-examination and a source of enduring hope. For us, it serves as a sobering warning: what are we "conceiving" and "bringing forth" in our lives? Are our intentions, plans, and actions rooted in God's truth and righteousness, or are they born of selfish ambition, deceit, or malice? This verse reminds us that efforts built on unrighteousness, even if seemingly successful for a time, are ultimately futile, yielding only spiritual "chaff" and "stubble"—worthless outcomes that cannot stand the test of time or divine scrutiny. Furthermore, it highlights the principle of self-inflicted consequences, urging us to recognize that our own destructive patterns, unchecked pride, or malicious words can become the "fire" that consumes us from within. Conversely, for those who feel oppressed or witness injustice, this verse is a powerful affirmation of God's justice. It encourages us to trust that the Lord sees, and He will ensure that the schemes of the wicked are brought to naught, often by their own hand. Our call is to sow righteousness, knowing that the harvest will be eternal.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **What "chaff" or "stubble" might I be producing in my life through ungodly intentions or actions?**
* **In what ways might my own "breath"—my words, attitudes, or unchecked desires—be creating "fire" that could consume me or those around me?**
* **How does this verse encourage me to trust in God's justice when faced with apparent injustice or the temporary success of the wicked?**
* **What practical steps can I take to ensure my intentions and actions "conceive" and "bring forth" fruit that is valuable and enduring in God's sight?**

### FAQ
**What is the primary message of Isaiah 33:11?**

Answer: The primary message of [Isaiah 33:11](/isaiah/33-11 "Isaiah 33:11 - The Futility of Wicked Schemes") is a prophetic declaration of the futility and self-destructive nature of human wickedness and opposition to God. It conveys that the schemes and efforts of the unrighteous will ultimately yield nothing of value (chaff and stubble) and that their own destructive impulses will lead to their downfall. It's a powerful statement about divine judgment and the inherent worthlessness of a life lived apart from God's righteous standards.

**Who are the "ye" being addressed in this verse?**

Answer: While the immediate historical context points to the Assyrian oppressors who threatened Judah, the "ye" can be understood more broadly as anyone or any nation that conceives and executes wicked, oppressive, or ungodly schemes. The prophecy, while rooted in a specific historical conflict, carries timeless principles about the ultimate outcome of all unrighteousness, making it applicable to any who oppose God's will, as seen in other prophetic judgments against nations throughout [the Old Testament](/isaiah/13 "Isaiah 13 - Prophecy Against Babylon").

**How does the imagery of "chaff" and "stubble" contribute to the verse's meaning?**

Answer: The imagery of "chaff" and "stubble" is drawn from ancient agricultural practices and powerfully symbolizes worthlessness, insubstantiality, and that which is discarded or burned. "Chaff" is the light, worthless husk separated from valuable grain, easily blown away by the wind. "Stubble" refers to the short, dry stalks left after harvest, which are typically burned off. By stating that the wicked "conceive chaff" and "bring forth stubble," the verse emphasizes that their plans, efforts, and outcomes are utterly unproductive, without lasting value, and ultimately destined for destruction, contrasting with the fruitful harvest of righteousness mentioned in passages like [Psalm 1:3-4](/psalms/1-3 "Psalm 1:3-4 - The Righteous and the Wicked").

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Isaiah 33:11, while a stark warning to the wicked, finds its ultimate Christ-centered fulfillment in the triumph of God's righteous kingdom and the self-defeating nature of all opposition to Christ. The "chaff" and "stubble" that the wicked produce stand in stark contrast to the eternal, fruitful harvest brought forth by Jesus Christ. While human schemes yield only worthlessness, Christ's work on the cross produced eternal life and reconciliation, a harvest of righteousness that will never be consumed by fire ([John 12:24](/john/12-24 "John 12:24 - The Grain of Wheat")). Furthermore, the idea of "your breath, as fire, shall devour you" powerfully foreshadows the judgment where the wicked are consumed by their own rebellion, a principle ultimately fulfilled in the final judgment where those who reject Christ face the consequences of their own unrighteousness, often described as a consuming fire ([Hebrews 12:29](/hebrews/12-29 "Hebrews 12:29 - Our God is a Consuming Fire")). Jesus, the Lamb of God, did not "conceive chaff" but perfectly fulfilled the will of the Father, bringing forth a kingdom that cannot be shaken ([Hebrews 12:28](/hebrews/12-28 "Hebrews 12:28 - A Kingdom That Cannot Be Shaken")). His "breath"—His Spirit—does not devour but gives life ([John 6:63](/john/6-63 "John 6:63 - The Spirit Gives Life")), transforming hearts and building an enduring kingdom, demonstrating that all human efforts apart from Him are indeed "chaff" before the righteous judgment and saving power of the Lord.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Psalms 7:14

Behold, he travaileth with iniquity, and hath conceived mischief, and brought forth falsehood.

Isaiah 59:4

None calleth for justice, nor [any] pleadeth for truth: they trust in vanity, and speak lies; they conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity.

James 1:15

Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death.

Isaiah 5:24

Therefore as the fire devoureth the stubble, and the flame consumeth the chaff, [so] their root shall be as rottenness, and their blossom shall go up as dust: because they have cast away the law of the LORD of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

Psalms 2:1

¶ Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing?

Psalms 83:5

For they have consulted together with one consent: they are confederate against thee:

Psalms 83:18

That [men] may know that thou, whose name alone [is] JEHOVAH, [art] the most high over all the earth.