TRV
Study This Verse
Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Hebrews 13:1–17. His four-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
The design of Christ in giving himself for us is that he may purchase to himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works. Now the apostle calls the believing Hebrews to the performance of many excellent duties, in which it becomes Christians to excel.
I.To brotherly love (Heb 13:1), by which he does not only mean a general affection to all men, as our brethren by nature, all made of the same blood, nor that more limited affection which is due to those who are of the same immediate parents, but that special and spiritual affection which ought to exist among the children of God.
1.It is here supposed that the Hebrews had this love one for another. Though, at this time, that nation was miserably divided and distracted among themselves, both about matters of religion and the civil state, yet there was true brotherly love left among those of them who believed on Christ; and this appeared in a very eminent manner presently after the shedding forth of the Holy Ghost, when they had all things common, and sold their possessions to make a general fund of subsistence to their brethren. The spirit of Christianity is a spirit of love. Faith works by love. The true religion is the strongest bond of friendship; if it be not so, it has its name for nothing.
2.This brotherly love was in danger of being lost, and that in a time of persecution, when it would be most necessary; it was in danger of being lost by those disputes that were among them concerning the respect they ought still to have to the ceremonies of the Mosaic law. Disputes about religion too often produce a decay of Christian affection; but this must be guarded against, and all proper means used to preserve brotherly love. Christians should always love and live as brethren, and the more they grow in devout affection to God their heavenly Father the more they will grow in love to one another for his sake.
II.To hospitality:
Be not forgetful to entertain strangers for his sake, Heb 13:2. We must add to brotherly kindness charity. Here observe,
1.The duty required - to entertain strangers, both those that are strangers to the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to our persons, especially those who know themselves to be strangers here and are seeking another country, which is the case of the people of God, and was so at this time: the believing Jews were in a desperate and distressed condition. But he seems to speak of strangers as such; though we know not who they are, nor whence they come, yet, seeing they are without any certain dwelling place, we should allow them room in our hearts and in our houses, as we have opportunity and ability.
2.The motive: Thereby some have entertained angels unawares; so Abraham did (Gen. 18), and Lot (Gen. 19), and one of those that Abraham entertained was the Son of God; and, though we cannot suppose this will ever be our case, yet what we do to strangers, in obedience to him, he will reckon and reward as done to himself. Mat 25:35, I was a stranger, and you took me in. God has often bestowed honours and favours upon his hospitable servants, beyond all their thoughts, unawares.
III.To Christian sympathy: Remember those that are in bonds, Heb 13:3. Here observe,
1.The duty - to remember those that are in bonds and in adversity.
(1.)God often orders it so that while some Christians and churches are in adversity others enjoy peace and liberty. All are not called at the same time to resist unto blood.
(2.)Those that are themselves at liberty must sympathize with those that are in bonds and adversity, as if they were bound with them in the same chain: they must fell the sufferings of their brethren.
2.The reason of the duty: As being yourselves in the body; not only in the body natural, and so liable to the like sufferings, and you should sympathize with them now that others may sympathize with you when your time of trial comes; but in the same mystical body, under the same head, and if one member suffer all the rest suffer with it, Co1 12:26. It would be unnatural in Christians not to bear each other's burdens.
IV.To purity and chastity, Heb 13:4. Here you have,
1.A recommendation of God's ordinance of marriage, that it is honourable in all, and ought to be so esteemed by all, and not denied to those to whom God has not denied it. It is honourable, for God instituted it for man in paradise, knowing it was not good for him to be alone. He married and blessed the first couple, the first parents of mankind, to direct all to look unto God in that great concern, and to marry in the Lord. Christ honoured marriage with his presence and first miracle. It is honourable as a means to prevent impurity and a defiled bed. It is honourable and happy, when persons come together pure and chaste, and preserve the marriage bed undefiled, not only from unlawful but inordinate affections.
2.A dreadful but just censure of impurity and lewdness: Whoremongers and adulterers God will judge.
(1.)God knows who are guilty of such sins, no darkness can hide them from him.
(2.)He will call such sins by their proper names, not by the names of love and gallantry, but of whoredom and adultery, whoredom in the single state and adultery in the married state.
(3.)He will bring them into judgment, he will judge them, either by their own consciences here, and set their sins in order before them for their deep humiliation (and conscience, when awakened, will be very severe upon such sinners), or he will set them at his tribunal at death, and in the last day; he will convict them, condemn them, and cast them out for ever, if they die under the guilt of this sin.
V.To Christian contentment, Heb 13:5, Heb 13:6. Here observe,
1.The sin that is contrary to this grace and duty - covetousness, an over eager desire of the wealth of this world, envying those who have more than we. This sin we must allow no place in our conversation; for, though it be a secret lust lurking in the heart, if it be not subdued it will enter into our conversation, and discover itself in our manner of speaking and acting. We must take care not only to keep this sin down, but to root it out of our souls.
2.The duty and grace that is contrary to covetousness - being satisfied and pleased with such things as we have; present things, for past things cannot be recalled, and future things are only in the hand of God. What God gives us from day to day we must be content with, though it fall short of what we have enjoyed heretofore, and though it do not come up to our expectations for the future. We must be content with our present lot. We must bring our minds to our present condition, and this is the sure way to contentment; and those who cannot do it would not be contented though God should raise their condition to their minds, for the mind would rise with the condition. Haman was the great court-favourite, and yet not contented - Ahab on the throne, and yet not contented - Adam in paradise, and yet not contented; yea, the angels in heaven, and yet not contented; but Paul, though abased and empty, had learned in every state, in any state, therewith to be content.
3.What reason Christians have to be contented with their lot.
(1.)God hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee, Heb 13:5, Heb 13:6. This was said to Joshua (Jos 1:5), but belongs to all the faithful servants of God. Old Testament promises may be applied to New Testament saints. This promise contains the sum and substance of all the promises. I will never, no, never leave thee, nor ever forsake thee. Here are no fewer than five negatives heaped together, to confirm the promise; the true believer shall have the gracious presence of God with him in life, at death, and for ever.
(2.)From this comprehensive promise they may assure themselves of help from God: So that we may boldly say, The Lord is my helper; I will not fear what man shall do unto me, Heb 13:6. Men can do nothing against God, and God can make all that men do against his people to turn to their good.
VI.To the duty Christians owe to their ministers, and that both to those that are dead and to those that are yet alive.
1.To those that are dead: Remember those that have had the rule over you, Heb 13:7. Here observe,
(1.)The description given of them. They were such as had the rule over them, and had spoken to them the word of God; their guides and governors, who had spoken to them the word of God. Here is the dignity to which they were advanced - to be rulers and leaders of the people, not according to their own will, but the will and word of God; and this character they filled up with suitable duty: they did not rule at a distance, and rule by others, but they ruled by personal presence and instruction, according to the word of God.
(2.)The duties owing to them, even when they were dead.
[1.]"Remember them - their preaching, their praying, their private counsel, their example."
[2.]"Follow their faith; be stedfast in the profession of the faith they preached to you, and labour after the grace of faith by which they lived and died so well. Consider the end of their conversation, how quickly, how comfortably, how joyfully, they finished their course!" Now this duty of following the same true faith in which they had been instructed the apostle enlarges much upon, and presses them earnestly to it, not only from the remembrance of their faithful deceased guides, but from several other motives.
First, From the immutability and eternity of the Lord Jesus Christ. Though their ministers were some dead, others dying, yet the great head and high priest of the church, the bishop of their souls, ever lives, and is ever the same; and they should be stedfast and immovable, in imitation of Christ, and should remember that Christ ever lives to observe and reward their faithful adherence to his truths, and to observe and punish their sinful departure from him. Christ is the same in the Old Testament day, in the gospel day, and will be so to his people for ever.
Secondly, From the nature and tendency of those erroneous doctrines that they were in danger of falling in with.
a.They were divers and various (Heb 13:9), different from what they had received from their former faithful teachers, and inconsistent with themselves.
b.They were strange doctrines: such as the gospel church was unacquainted with foreign to the gospel.
c.They were of an unsettling, distracting nature, like the wind by which the ship is tossed, and in danger of being driven from its anchor, carried away, and split upon the rocks. They were quite contrary to that grace of God which fixes and establishes the heart, which is an excellent thing. These strange doctrines keep the heart always fluctuating and unsettled.
d.They were mean and low as to their subject. They were about external, little, perishing things, such as meats and drinks, etc.
e.They were unprofitable. Those who were most taken with them, and employed about them, got no real good by them to their own souls. They did not make them more holy, nor more humble, nor more thankful, nor more heavenly.
f.They would exclude those who embraced them from the privileges of the Christian altar (Heb 13:10): We have an altar. This is an argument of the great weight, and therefore the apostle insists the longer upon it. Observe,
(a.)The Christian church has its altar. It was objected against the primitive Christians that their assemblies were destitute of an altar; but this was not true. We have an alter, not a material altar, but a personal one, and that is Christ; he is both our altar, and our sacrifice; he sanctifies the gift. The altars under the law were types of Christ; the brazen altar of the sacrifice, the golden altar of his intercession.
(b.)This altar furnishes out a feast for true believers, a feast upon the sacrifice, a feast of fat things, spiritual strength and growth, and holy delight and pleasure. The Lord's table is not our altar, but it is furnished with provision from the altar. Christ our passover is sacrificed for us (Co1 5:7), and it follows, therefore let us keep the feast. The Lord's supper is the feast of the gospel passover.
(c.)Those who adhere to the tabernacle or the Levitical dispensation, or return to it again, exclude themselves from the privileges of this altar, from the benefits purchased by Christ. If they serve the tabernacle, they are resolved to subject themselves to antiquated rites and ceremonies, to renounce their right to the Christian altar; and this part of the argument he first proves and then improves.
[a.]He proves that this servile adherence to the Jewish state is a bar to the privileges of the gospel altar; and he argues thus: - Under the Jewish law, no part of the sin-offering was to be eaten, but all must be burnt without the camp while they dwelt in tabernacles, and without the gates when they dwelt in cities: now, if they will still be subject to that law, they cannot eat at the gospel-altar; for that which is eaten there is furnished from Christ, who is the great sin-offering. Not that it is the very sin-offering itself, as the papists affirm; for then it was not to be eaten, but burnt; but the gospel feast is the fruit and procurement of the sacrifice, which those have no right to who do not acknowledge the sacrifice itself. And that it might appear that Christ was really the antitype of the sin-offering, and, as such, might sanctify or cleanse his people with his own blood, he conformed himself to the type, in suffering without the gate. This was a striking specimen of his humiliation, as if he had not been fit either for sacred or civil society! And this shows how sin, which was the meritorious cause of the sufferings of Christ, is a forfeiture of all sacred and civil rights, and the sinner a common plague and nuisance to all society, if God should be strict to mark iniquity. Having thus shown that adherence to the Levitical law would, even according to its own rules, debar men from the Christian altar, he proceeds,
[b.]To improve this argument (Heb 13:13-15) in suitable advices. First, Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp; go forth from the ceremonial law, from sin, from the world, from ourselves, our very bodies, when he calls us. Secondly, Let us be willing to bear his reproach, be willing to be accounted the offscouring of all things, not worthy to live, not worthy to die a common death. This was his reproach, and we must submit to it; and we have the more reason because, whether we go forth from this world to Christ or no, we must necessarily go forth in a little time by death; for here we have no continuing city. Sin, sinners, death, will not suffer us to continue long here; and therefore we should go forth now by faith, and seek in Christ the rest and settlement which this world cannot afford us, Heb 13:14. Thirdly, Let us make a right use of this altar; not only partake of the privileges of it, but discharge the duties of the altar, as those whom Christ has made priests to attend on this altar. Let us bring our sacrifices to this altar, and to this our high priest, and offer them up by him, Heb 13:15, Heb 13:16. Now what are the sacrifices which we must bring and offer on this altar, even Christ? Not any expiatory sacrifices; there is no need of them. Christ has offered the great sacrifice of atonement, ours are only the sacrifices of acknowledgment; and they are, 1. The sacrifice of praise to God, which we should offer up to God continually. In this are included all adoration and prayer, as well as thanksgiving; this is the fruit of our lips; we must speak forth the praises of God from unfeigned lips; and this must be offered only to God, not to angels, nor saints, nor any creature, but to the name of God alone; and it must be by Christ, in a dependence upon his meritorious satisfaction and intercession. 2. The sacrifice of alms-deeds, and Christian charity: To do good, and to communicate, forget now; for with such sacrifices God is well pleased, Heb 13:16. We must, according to our power, communicate to the necessities of the souls and bodies of men; not contenting ourselves to offer the sacrifice of our lips, mere words, but the sacrifice of good deeds; and these we must lay down upon this altar, not depending upon the merit of our good deeds, but of our great high priest; and with such sacrifices as these, adoration and alms thus offered up, God is well pleased; he will accept the offering with pleasure, and will accept and bless the offers through Christ.
2.Having thus told us the duty Christians owe to their deceased ministers, which principally consists in following their faith and not departing from it, the apostle tells us what is the duty that people owe to their living ministers (Heb 13:17) and the reasons of that duty:
(1.)The duty - to obey them, and submit themselves to them. It is not an implicit obedience, or absolute submission, that is here required, but only so far as is agreeable to the mind and will of God revealed in his word; and yet it is truly obedience and submission, and that not only to God, but to the authority of the ministerial office, which is of God as certainly, in all things belonging to that office, as the authority of parents or of civil magistrates in the things within their sphere. Christians must submit to be instructed by their ministers, and not think themselves too wise, too good, or too great, to learn from them; and, when they find that ministerial instructions are agreeable to the written word, they must obey them.
(2.)The motives to this duty.
[1.]They have the rule over the people; their office, though not magisterial, yet is truly authoritative. They have no authority to lord it over the people, but to lead them in the ways of God, by informing and instructing them, explaining the word of God to them, and applying it to their several cases. They are not to make laws of their own, but to interpret the laws of God; nor is their interpretation to be immediately received without examination, but the people must search the scriptures, and so far as the instructions of their minister are according to that rule they ought to receive them, not as the word of men, but, as they are indeed, the word of God, that works effectually in those that believe.
[2.]They watch for the souls of the people, not to ensnare them, but to save them; to gain them, not to themselves, but to Christ; to build them up in knowledge, faith, and holiness. They are to watch against every thing that may be hurtful to the souls of men, and to give them warning of dangerous errors, of the devices of Satan, of approaching judgments; they are to watch for all opportunities of helping the souls of men forward in the way to heaven.
[3.]They must give an account how they have discharged their duty, and what has become of the souls committed to their trust, whether any have been lost through their neglect, and whether any of them have been brought in and built up under their ministry.
[4.]They would be glad to give a good account of themselves and their hearers. If they can then give in an account of their own fidelity and success, it will be a joyful day to them; those souls that have been converted and confirmed under their ministry will be their joy, and their crown, in the day of the Lord Jesus.
[5.]If they give up their account with grief, it will be the people's loss as well as theirs. It is the interest of hearers that the account their ministers give of them may be with joy, and not with grief. If faithful ministers be not successful, the grief will be theirs, but the loss will be the people's. Faithful ministers have delivered their own souls, but a fruitless and faithless people's blood and ruin will be upon their own heads.
Historical interpretation
Nine Centuries of Reception
7 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
"But to do good and to communicate forget not." I speak not merely with reference to the brethren present, but to those absent also. But if others have plundered your property, display your hospitality out of such things as ye have. What excuse then shall we have henceforward, when they, even after the spoiling of their goods, were thus admonished?
He calls it “doing good” in order to praise what takes place and “fellowship” because they are concerned about their fellow believers … and so with zeal they seek to meet their needs.
In the words of the prophet Micah, a distinction is clearly drawn between the fact that God does not require sacrifices as they are in themselves and the fact that God does desire the offerings that are symbolized by these sacrifices. … That is why the words "For I desire mercy and not sacrifice" must be understood to mean that one sacrifice is to be preferred to another, since what is commonly called a sacrifice is merely a symbol of the true sacrifice. For, mercy is the true sacrifice. Hence, "such sacrifices are pleasing to God."
He brought out the sacrifice of praise that is pleasing to God. To it he linked also that of doing good, which he was right to refer to as sharing.… Elsewhere the divine apostle says, “Our abundance supplies for their need so that their abundance may be for your need for a balance to be achieved.” Sharing, then, is also repayment: one person gives money, another returns a blessing, and the person in need is in the stronger position.
Hymn singing offered to God is of no benefit to us apart from faith in the Son. Since it was to the Hebrews he wrote, who were in the habit of honoring the Father alone, he felt he had to add “through him.”
"Do not forget the good deeds and the fellowship." Paul speaks of good deeds and fellowship as the same.
"God is pleased." That is, He is pleased; for the term “is pleased” [εὐαρεστεῖται] indicates to be well-pleased. Therefore, it is necessary not only to offer the fruit of the lips, but also such sacrifices, like those of thanksgiving and good deeds. For the grateful person, it is evident that he is also generous, knowing what he is worthy of.
"Obey your leaders." Paul speaks about bishops. Earlier, having praised them in saying that they are faithful and worthy of being rivalled, in saying: "Considering the outcome of their conduct, imitate their faith," (Heb. 13:7) he then adds, "Obey." What then? Should one obey every ruler? One should not obey the one who believes wrongly; but one should obey the one who lives poorly, yet believes well. For he says, "be careful to do everything they tell you. But do not do what they do, for they do not practice what they preach." (Matt. 23:3) And concerning those corrupted regarding the faith he says: "Do not be led astray by various and strange teachings." (Heb. 13:9) Why is that? Because the one who lives poorly would not advise others to live poorly; for even he, doing these things, is ashamed; and it is clear that he is trying in every way to hide what he does; but the one who is wicked regarding the faith will proclaim wickedness to the people.
"and submit to them." The stretched persuasion through the phrase, "and submit to them," indicates that they may also serve them through deeds, if it is necessary.
"for they are keeping watch over your souls." Let the leaders hear that, just as it is necessary for the people to be obedient, so too must the priest be keeping watch for the sins of the people; for the leaders are subject to punishment for the sins of the people.
"Let them do this with joy." They will certainly stay awake for your souls; but whether you are obedient or not will prepare them to do this either with joy or with groaning, which will be unprofitable for you, that is to say, no advantage to you, useless; for God will help.
"Pray for us." Because some were slandering the apostle, as teaching apostasy from the law, many of the Hebrews had a strong distaste toward him; therefore, Paul did not even place his name at the beginning of the letter, so that they would not find the name of Paul and then not read the letter. Therefore, he now defends himself to them. And first, he asks them to pray for him, as we are accustomed to ask from those who love us. Then he also shows himself to be innocent; for we are sure, he says, that we have a clear conscience; that is, we have done nothing with hypocrisy, but our conscience is clear, and we are not aware that we have plotted against you, or have done anything evil against you, or have slandered you.
"desiring to act honorably in all things." That is, in all things, living without offense and without causing scandal; not proclaiming a departure from the law, as some slander, but rather transitioning from the letter and the shadow to the spirit and the truth (Jn. 4:24); which is not a departure, but rather a fulfillment and promotion of the law.
"I urge you to do this more sincerely." What is this? To pray for us. This was something they greatly loved, to want to pray for them sincerely and with all diligence, so that they might quickly be restored.
"in order that I may be restored to you sooner." This was said because Paul had a good conscience, wanting to persuade them in person; which he would not have done if he were aware of any wrongdoing in himself.
740. - After exhorting them to follow the example and manner of life of those who have departed, the Apostle now warns them to continue in their teaching. In regard to this he does two things: first, he gives the warning; secondly, the reason (v. 10). In regard to the first he does two things: first, he warns them in general; secondly, he explains the warning (v. 9b).
741. - He says, therefore: Do not be led away by diverse and strange teachings. As if to say: Thus we have said that you should imitate the faith of the apostles. Therefore, do not be led away from their teaching to any other doctrine. Here it should be noted that since truth consists in the mean, which is one, many false statements can be opposed to one truth, just as there are many extremes to one middle. Therefore, the doctrine of faith is one, because only one line can be drawn between two points. But all other doctrines are manifold, because there are many deviations from what is straight. Hence, he says, by diverse doctrines, i.e., divided: ‘Their heart is divided: now they shall perish’ (Hos 10:2). These are the doctrines about which he said (1 Tim. 4:1): ‘Doctrines of devils, speaking lies in hypocrisy.’ Furthermore, they are strange, i.e., straying from the Catholic faith. But such doctrines must not be supported by us, because we are not strangers and foreigners, but fellow citizens of the saints, and the domestics of God’ (Eph. 2:19).
742. - Then when he says, For it is well that the heart be strengthened by grace, he explains in detail which are various and strange doctrines. Here it should be noted that in the early Church there was one error rampant, namely, that it was necessary for salvation to observe the ceremonies of the Law, which consisted especially in partaking of certain foods, such as the paschal lamb (Ex. 12) and in abstaining from certain foods, as is clear from Leviticus (chap. 12) and from other passages. Another error was that of the Nicolaitans, that it was lawful to use bodily pleasures indiscriminately. These words can be applied to both these errors, but more properly to the first. He says, therefore, Be not led away from the truth by diverse and strange doctrines: ‘Be not easily moved from your sense’ (2 Th. 2:2); ‘I wonder that you are so soon removed from him that called you into the grace of Christ, unto another gospel’ (Gal. 1:6). For God requires our heart of us: ‘My son, give me your heart’ (Pr. 23:26); therefore, it is well that the heart be strengthened with grace. For it should be firm and stable; against which Ps. 39 (v. 13) says: ‘My heart has forsaken me.’ But it is not strengthened with bodily foods, but with sanctifying grace: ‘Justified freely by his grace’ (Rom. 3:24) and with the redemption which is in Christ Jesus. Therefore, he says, not by foods, which have not benefited their adherents: ‘The kingdom of God is not meat and drink, but justice and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit’ (Rom. 14:17). Therefore, the heart is not established with moderate or superfluous use of food, but rather with God’s grace: ‘His heart is ready to hope in the Lord, his heart is strengthened he shall not be moved until he look over his enemies’ (Ps. 111:8). But hope is an anchor stabilizing the heart: ‘We have fled for refuge to hold fast the hope set before us, which we have as an anchor of the soul, sure and firm’ (Heb. 6:18). And he says, which have not benefited their adherents, i.e., hope in them, because those who use them for bodily needs profit with bodily health, but those who put their entire interest in them, walk in them. These are the ones whom they do not profit unto the salvation either of soul or body: ‘Shall the holy flesh take away from you your crimes, in which you have boasted?’ (Jer. 11:15).
743. - Then when he says, We have an altar, from which they have no power to eat who serve the tabernacle, he gives the reason, and it is quite subtle. For, as it is stated in Leviticus (chap. 16), on the tenth day of the seventh month the high priest entered with the blood of a heifer and a goat into the holies because of his own ignorance, and burned their bodies outside the camp. And because it was the priest’s offering, the flesh was not eaten. For whatever they offered for the sin of the priests they did not eat, but burned outside the camp. From that figure the Apostle draws a mystery. For the blood of Christ was prefigured by the blood, as was explained in chapter 9. The heifer and the goat prefigured Christ, because the heifer was the priest’s offering and the goat was immolated for sin. This prefigured that Christ would be immolated for sin: not for His own but for the people’s. Therefore, the immolated heifer and goat is Christ, the Priest, offering Himself for our sins. Therefore, the blood of Christ was brought into the holies and the flesh burned outside the camp. Two things were thereby signified: one, that Christ was immolated in the city by the tongues of the Jews; hence Mark says that He was crucified at the third hour, although He was raised on the Cross at the sixth hour. The other is that by virtue of His Passion Christ brings us within the heavenly holies to the Father. But the fact that the bodies were burned outside the camp, as to our Head, signifies that Christ would suffer outside the gate; but as to us, who are the members, it signifies that Christ is immolated for those who are outside the camp of ceremonies of the Law and of the external senses. For those within the camp did not partake of that flesh. This, therefore, is the figure which the Apostle proposes: first, therefore, he shows what is signified; secondly, he presents the figure (v. 11); thirdly, he draws the conclusion (v. 13).
744. - He says, therefore: Let us strengthen our hearts not with food, but with grace; for we cannot do otherwise, because we have an altar, from which those who serve the tabernacle have no right to eat. That altar is the Cross of Christ, on which He was immolated; or Christ Himself in Whom and by Whom we offer our prayers. This is the golden altar spoken of in Rev (chap. 8). Of that altar, therefore, they have no right to eat, i.e., to receive the fruit of Christ’s passion and to be incorporated into Him as head, who serve the tabernacle of the ceremonies of the Law: ‘If you be circumcised, Christ shall profit you nothing’ (Gal. 5:2). Or they serve the tabernacle of the body, who pursue carnal pleasures: ‘Make not provision for the flesh in its concupiscences’ (Rom. 13:14). For such persons received no profit: ‘He that eats and drinks unworthily, eats and drinks judgement to himself’ (1 Cor. 11:29). But the body is called a tabernacle, because we dwell in it as in a war against enemies and it remains a short while: ‘The laying away of my tabernacle is at hand’ (2 Pt. 1:14). Therefore, it should not be served.
745. - Then (v. 11) he continues the figure: first, the figure of the Old Testament; secondly, the figure of the New Testament (v. 12).
746. - In regard to the first he says: For the bodies of those animals whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest are burned outside the camp. This can be interpreted in two ways: one way thus: the bodies of those animals, namely, of the heifer and goat, are burned outside the camp, their blood being brought into the sanctuary by the high priest for the sin of the priest and of the multitude. In another way, so that by those beasts Christ or His saints are understood. For Christ and His members were prefigured by all the sacrifices of the Old Testament. Therefore, the body of Christ, Whose blood was brought into the heavenly holies for the sin of the whole world, suffered by fire on the altar of the Cross, and was burned outside the camp, i.e., outside the common society of men, with the fire of charity, with fasts, prayers, and other works of mercy. For these the blood of Christ was efficaciously brought into the holies. The first interpretation is literal.
747. - Wherefore, Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people by his own blood, suffered outside the gate. He adapts what was prefigured in the New Testament to the figure of the Old Testament, so that there might be agreement between them. Hence he says, Wherefore, Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people by his own blood, suffered outside the gate. This is clear.
748. - Then when he says, Therefore let us go forth to him, he draws two conclusions. In regard to the first he says: Therefore, we have said that we have an altar outside the camp. Hence, we must do two things: namely, go to it and sacrifice upon it.
749. - He tells how to go when he says that Jesus Christ suffered and bore the reproach of His passion outside the gate; therefore, let us go forth to him outside the camp, i.e., outside the general community of carnal things, or outside the observances of the Law, or outside the senses of the body, bearing abuse for him, i.e., for Christ, i.e., the signs of Christ’s passion by which Christ became a disgrace among men and offscouring of people: ‘My heart has expected reproach and misery’ (Ps. 68:21). Or bearing abuse for him, i.e., let us reject the ceremonies of the Law, now that that truth has come, on account of which we are a reproach among the Jews, i.e., on account of the signs of penance, which are reproved by carnal men: ‘Esteeming the reproach greater riches than the treasures of the Egyptians’ (Heb. 11:26). For just as Christ was accused of undermining the Law, so the apostles were reproached for preaching that the ceremonies of the Law should not be observed: ‘And I brethren, if I yet preach the circumcision, why do I yet suffer persecution’ (Gal. 5:11).
750. - He adds the reason when he says: For here we have no lasting city, but we seek one that is to come. For a man willingly remains in his own place. For our end is not in the things of the Law or in temporal things: ‘Our end is Christ unto the salvation of all who believe’ (Rom. 10:4). Therefore, we have not here a lasting city, but where Christ is. Therefore, let us go to Him: ‘If you have risen with Christ, seek the things that are above, where Christ is sitting on the right hand of God’ (Col. 3:1); ‘Look upon Sion, the city of our solemnity’ (Is. 33:20); ‘He looked for a city that has foundations; whose builder and maker is God’ (supra 11:10). They also seek a better city, i.e., the heavenly one. For we strive to be transferred to it as to our place and altar. Therefore, let us go to it.
751. - Then when he says, By him them let us continually offer the sacrifice of praise to God, he presents the second conclusion, namely, that we should sacrifice upon the altar and offer certain kinds of sacrifice. For there are two kinds of sacrifice that we should offer upon Christ’s altar, namely, devotion to God and mercy towards our neighbor.
752. - In regard to the first he says that the sacrifices of the Law are not to be offered: ‘Sacrifice and oblation you did not desire’ (Ps. 59:7); therefore, by him, i.e., by Christ, let us offer the sacrifice of praise: ‘A sacrifice of praise will honor me’ (Ps. 49:25). But that sacrifice of praise is called the fruit of our lips, i.e., confession with the mouth. For God is praised better by the mouth than by the killing of animals; hence he says, the fruit of lips that acknowledge his name, for this is necessary: ‘With the heart we believe unto justice; but with the mouth, confession is made unto salvation’ (Rom. 10:10); ‘We will render the calves of our lips’ (Hos 14:3); ‘I created the fruit of the lips’ (Is. 57:19). But this sacrifice should be offered always, i.e., continually, as there was a continual sacrifice during the Law, as it says in Numbers (chap. 28): ‘I will bless the Lord at all times: his praise shall be always in my mouth’ (Ps. 33:2).
753. - He mentions another sacrifice, when he says, Do not neglect to do good and to share what you have. As if to say: You formerly performed works of mercy; but now at least with the heart, if you cannot in deed. Therefore, he says, Do not neglect to do good, be liberal, in regard to the things you give: ‘In doing good, let us not fail’ (Gal. 6:9); ‘Do good to the humble, and give not to the ungodly’ (Sir. 12:6). Do not forget to share what you have, i.e., the things you have saved: ‘All they that believed were together, and had all things in common’ (Ac. 2:44); ‘Communicating to the necessities of the saints’ (Rom. 12:13). Or share, namely, by charity, through which all things are common.
754. - But why should we share that double benefit is shown when he says: for such sacrifices are pleasing to God, i.e., we can merit God by such sacrifices: ‘I am your protector and your reward exceeding great’ (Gen. 15:1); ‘Then you shall accept the sacrifice of justice, oblations and whole burnt offerings’ (Ps. 50:21); ‘They shall worship him with sacrifices and offerings; and they shall make vows to the Lord and perform them’ (Is. 19:21).
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Summary
Hebrews 13:16 serves as a powerful exhortation for believers, articulating that practical acts of kindness, beneficence, and generous sharing are not merely good deeds but constitute a profound form of worship that is profoundly pleasing to God. This verse encapsulates a core New Covenant principle, shifting the focus from ritualistic animal offerings to the spiritual sacrifices of a life lived in active love and communal generosity, demonstrating true faith and devotion.
Context
Literary Context
Hebrews 13:16 is situated within the concluding chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews, which transitions from the letter's profound theological exposition on the supremacy of Christ and the New Covenant to practical, ethical admonitions for daily Christian living. The preceding verses in chapter 13 offer a series of specific instructions, including exhortations to hospitality, remembering prisoners, honoring marriage, and cultivating contentment. Importantly, this verse immediately follows the call in Hebrews 13:13-14 to "go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach," signifying identification with Christ's suffering and separation from the old system. It also directly builds upon Hebrews 13:15, which commands believers to offer "the sacrifice of praise to God continually." In this flow, "doing good" and "communicating" (sharing) are presented as tangible, practical expressions of this ongoing spiritual worship, complementing the sacrifice of praise and embodying the New Covenant's ethical demands.
Historical & Cultural Context
The audience of the Epistle to the Hebrews was likely a community of Jewish Christians, possibly in Rome, who were facing various pressures, including potential persecution, social ostracism, and the temptation to revert to the perceived security and familiarity of Old Covenant Judaism. In this context, the author emphasizes the superiority and finality of Christ's sacrifice, rendering the old sacrificial system obsolete. Culturally, acts of benevolence and mutual support were crucial for the survival and flourishing of early Christian communities, especially as they often existed as a minority group. The concept of "sacrifice" was deeply ingrained in their understanding of worship, and the author redefines it, showing how everyday acts of love and generosity become the acceptable "sacrifices" in the new era, replacing the animal offerings that were central to their heritage. This redefinition provided a framework for understanding their Christian identity and responsibilities in a way that resonated with their past while pointing them toward a new, Christ-centered way of life.
Key Themes
This verse significantly contributes to several overarching themes within Hebrews and the broader New Testament. It underscores the theme of New Covenant Worship, demonstrating that acceptable worship under Christ is not primarily ritualistic but ethical and relational, flowing from a transformed heart. It highlights Practical Piety, emphasizing that genuine faith must manifest in tangible acts of love and service, moving beyond mere intellectual assent or private devotion. The theme of Communal Responsibility is also prominent, as "to communicate" strongly implies sharing resources and fostering fellowship within the body of Christ and beyond, reflecting the early church's emphasis on mutual care and support. Furthermore, it reinforces the theme of Divine Pleasure, assuring believers that these acts of self-giving and generosity are not just human efforts but are profoundly pleasing to God, affirming their value as true spiritual offerings. This aligns with the broader biblical principle that God delights in mercy and justice more than mere ritual, as seen in passages like Hosea 6:6 and Matthew 9:13.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
Derived from a compound meaning "well" and "to make or do," this term signifies "well-doing" or "beneficence." It refers to active, positive acts of kindness, generosity, and moral uprightness. It's not merely refraining from evil but actively pursuing and implementing good for others, reflecting a proactive and benevolent disposition.
This rich theological term denotes "partnership," "participation," "sharing," "fellowship," or "contribution." In this context, it specifically points to the tangible sharing of resources, material possessions, or support with others, especially those in need. It implies a deep sense of communal solidarity and mutual responsibility, where believers actively contribute to the well-being of the community and beyond.
This word refers to an offering, either the act of sacrificing or the victim itself, and can be used literally or figuratively. Here, it is used figuratively to describe the acts of "doing good" and "communicating." The author intentionally uses this term to draw a parallel with the Old Testament sacrificial system, but crucially redefines what constitutes an acceptable offering to God under the New Covenant, emphasizing spiritual and ethical offerings over animal rituals.
Meaning "to gratify entirely" or "to be well-pleasing," this term conveys God's deep satisfaction and approval. It signifies that these acts of beneficence and sharing are not just tolerated or accepted by God, but they genuinely delight Him, indicating their profound spiritual value and alignment with His character and will.
Verse Breakdown
"But to do good"
This clause serves as a direct exhortation to active, intentional benevolence. It calls believers to a life characterized by positive, beneficial actions towards others, reflecting God's own goodness. This is not passive virtue but an active pursuit of the welfare and flourishing of those around them.
"and to communicate forget not"
This is a negative command, emphasizing the critical importance of remembering and practicing "communication" or sharing. The verb "forget not" (G1950, epilanthánomai) implies a potential for neglect, urging the audience to actively remember and engage in sharing their resources, time, and fellowship. This highlights the communal aspect of Christian living and the responsibility to support one another.
"for with such sacrifices"
This phrase explains the reason for the exhortation. The acts of "doing good" and "communicating" are explicitly labeled as "sacrifices." This is a profound theological statement, reinterpreting the concept of sacrifice from the physical, ritualistic offerings of the Old Covenant to the spiritual, ethical offerings of the New Covenant. These are the new forms of worship acceptable to God.
"God is well pleased"
This concluding affirmation provides the divine motivation and validation for these actions. It assures believers that their practical acts of love and generosity are not merely human efforts but are deeply satisfying and delightful to God, indicating His approval and favor. This transforms everyday acts of kindness into profound expressions of worship.
Literary Devices
The author of Hebrews employs several powerful literary devices in this concise verse. Primarily, there is a significant use of Metaphor, where "sacrifices" are not literal animal offerings but metaphorical representations of "doing good" and "communicating." This metaphor serves to redefine worship in the New Covenant, shifting from external ritual to internal transformation expressed through outward action. The verse also functions as a direct Exhortation, using imperative language ("forget not") to urge the audience towards specific behaviors. There is an implicit Contrast with the Old Testament sacrificial system, which the author has systematically shown to be superseded by Christ's singular sacrifice. By labeling acts of charity and sharing as "sacrifices," the author elevates these practical deeds to the highest form of spiritual offering, directly contrasting them with the now obsolete animal sacrifices. Furthermore, the phrase "God is well pleased" serves as a powerful Affirmation and Motivation, assuring the readers of divine approval for their benevolent actions.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Hebrews 13:16 profoundly connects to the broader biblical theology of worship, demonstrating that true devotion extends beyond formal religious rites into the sphere of daily life and interpersonal relationships. It redefines "sacrifice" not as a bloody offering, but as a living, active expression of love and generosity, made possible and acceptable through the ultimate sacrifice of Christ. This verse underscores that our practical acts of compassion and sharing are not merely humanitarian efforts but are deeply spiritual acts, flowing from a heart transformed by God's grace and offered back to Him as worship. It aligns with the New Testament emphasis on faith being demonstrated through works, and love for God being inseparable from love for neighbor.
Reflection and Application
Hebrews 13:16 calls believers to a radical reorientation of their understanding of worship and service. It challenges us to see every act of kindness, every shared resource, and every moment of genuine fellowship as a sacred offering to God. This means that our faith is not confined to the walls of a church building or to moments of prayer, but permeates our daily interactions, our financial decisions, and our compassion for the marginalized. When we "do good" and "communicate" (share), we are not merely performing good deeds; we are actively participating in the divine economy of love, reflecting God's character to a watching world, and bringing Him profound pleasure. This verse encourages us to be intentional in seeking opportunities to serve, to open our hands and our hearts, and to recognize that these tangible expressions of love are as vital to our spiritual walk as praise and prayer. It transforms our understanding of "sacrifice" from something we give up to something we live out, daily and joyfully.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What does "to communicate" mean in the context of Hebrews 13:16?
In Hebrews 13:16, the King James Version's "to communicate" translates the Greek word koinōnía (κοινωνία). While "communicate" in modern English often refers solely to verbal interaction, here it carries a much richer meaning. Koinōnía encompasses concepts of "fellowship," "partnership," "sharing," and "contribution." In this verse, it specifically refers to the tangible sharing of material possessions, financial resources, or practical support with others, especially those in need within the community. It implies active participation in the welfare of others, fostering a deep sense of mutual support and communal responsibility. Therefore, "to communicate" means to share generously and actively participate in the well-being of others, demonstrating practical love and solidarity. This is distinct from the "sacrifice of praise" mentioned in Hebrews 13:15, which refers to verbal worship.
How are the "sacrifices" mentioned in Hebrews 13:16 different from the sacrifices of the Old Testament?
The "sacrifices" in Hebrews 13:16 are fundamentally different from the animal and grain offerings prescribed under the Old Testament Law. The entire Epistle to the Hebrews argues for the superiority and finality of Jesus Christ's once-for-all sacrifice on the cross, which perfectly atoned for sin and rendered the Levitical sacrificial system obsolete (see Hebrews 9:11-14 and Hebrews 10:1-10). In the New Covenant, believers are no longer required to offer animal sacrifices. Instead, the "sacrifices" God now desires are "spiritual sacrifices" – acts of worship that flow from a transformed heart and are expressed through practical obedience and love. These include the "sacrifice of praise" (Hebrews 13:15), and as stated in this verse, "doing good" and "communicating" (sharing). These are ethical, relational, and volitional offerings of one's life, resources, and actions, which are "well pleased" to God because they reflect the character of Christ and the essence of His new covenant.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Hebrews 13:16 finds its ultimate fulfillment and deepest meaning in the person and work of Jesus Christ. He is the supreme example of "doing good," as Acts 10:38 declares that He "went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with him." His entire earthly ministry was an embodiment of beneficence, compassion, and active love. Furthermore, Jesus perfectly exemplified "to communicate" or sharing, not merely by sharing His earthly resources, but by ultimately giving Himself for us as the ultimate sacrifice. His life was a complete outpouring, culminating in His death on the cross, where He shared in our humanity, our suffering, and our sin, so that we might share in His divine life and righteousness. The "sacrifices" we are called to offer in Hebrews 13:16 are only possible and acceptable because of His perfect, once-for-all sacrifice, which inaugurated the New Covenant and made us a "holy priesthood" capable of offering "spiritual sacrifices" (1 Peter 2:5). Our acts of doing good and sharing are therefore not attempts to earn God's favor, but rather a grateful response to Christ's immeasurable love and a reflection of His character, embodying the very nature of the One who loved us and gave himself up for us as a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God.