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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers Acts 21:1–7. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
We may observe here,
I.How much ado Paul had to get clear from Ephesus, intimated in the first words of the chapter, after we had gotten from them, that is, were drawn from them as by violence. It was a force put upon both sides; Paul was loth to leave them, and they were loth to part with him, and yet there was no remedy, but so it must be. When good people are taken away by death, they are, as it were, gotten from their friends here below, who struggled hard to have detained them if possible.
II.What a prosperous voyage they had thence.
Without any difficulty, they came with a straight course, by direct sailing, to Coos, a famous Grecian island, - the next day to Rhodes, talked of for the Colossus there, - thence to Patara, a famous port, the metropolis of Lycia (Act 21:1); here they very happily found a ship sailing over into Phenicia, the very course they were steering, Act 21:2. Providence must be acknowledged when things happen thus opportunely, and we are favoured by some little circumstances that contribute to the expediting of our affairs; and we must say, It is God that maketh our way perfect. This ship that was bound for Phenicia (that is, Tyre) they took the convenience of, went on board, and set sail for Tyre. In this voyage they discovered Cyprus, the island that Barnabas was of, and which he took care of, and therefore Paul did not visit it, but we left it on the left hand (Act 21:3), sailed upon the coast of Syria, and at length landed at Tyre, that celebrated mart of the nations, so it had been, but was now reduced; yet something of a trade it had still, for there the ship was to unlade her burden, and did so.
III.The halt that Paul made at Tyre; when he had arrived there, he was upon the coast of the land of Israel, and found now that he could compass the remainder of his journey within the time he had fixed.
1.At Tyre he found disciples, some that had embraced the gospel, and professed the Christian faith. Observe, Wherever Paul came, he enquired what disciples were there, found them out, and associated with them; for we know what is the usage with birds of a feather. When Christ was upon earth, though he went sometimes into the coast of Tyre, yet he never went thither to preach the gospel there; nor did he think fit to afford to Tyre and Sidon the advantages which Chorazin and Bethsaida had, though he knew that if they had had them they would have made a better improvement of them, Luk 10:13, Luk 10:14. But, after the enlarging of the gospel-commission, Christ was preached at Tyre, and had disciples there; and to this, some think, that prophecy concerning Tyre had reference (Isa 23:18), Her merchandise and her hire shall be holiness to the Lord.
2.Paul, finding those disciples at Tyre, tarried there seven days, they urging him to stay with them as long as he could. He staid seven days at Troas (Act 20:6), and here so many days at Tyre, that he might be sure to spend one Lord's day with them, and so might have an opportunity of preaching publicly among them; for it is the desire of good men to do good wherever they come, and where we find disciples we may either benefit them or be benefited by them.
3.The disciples at Tyre were endowed with such gifts that they could by the Spirit foretel the troubles Paul would meet with at Jerusalem; for the Holy Ghost witnessed it in every city, Act 20:23. Being a thing that would be so much talked of when it came to pass, God saw fit to have it much prophesied of before, that people's faith, instead of being offended, might be confirmed. And withal they were endowed with such graces that foreseeing his troubles, out of love to him and concern for the church, especially the churches of the Gentiles, that could ill spare him, they begged of him that he would not go up to Jerusalem, for they hoped the decree was conditional: If he go up, he will come into trouble there; as the prediction to David that the men of Keilah will deliver him up (that is, if he venture himself with them); and therefore they said to him, by the Spirit, that he should not go up, because they concluded it would be most for the glory of God that he should continue at liberty; and it was not at all their fault to think so, and consequently to dissuade him; but it was their mistake, for his trial would be for the glory of God and the furtherance of the gospel, and he knew it; and the importunity that was used with him, to dissuade him from it, renders his pious and truly heroic resolution the more illustrious.
4.The disciples of Tyre, though they were none of Paul's converts, yet showed a very great respect to Paul, whose usefulness in the church they had heard so much of when he departed from Tyre. Though they had had but seven days' acquaintance with him, yet, as if he had been some great man, they all came together, with their wives and children, solemnly to take leave of him, to beg his blessing, and to bring him as far on his way as the sea would permit them. Note,
(1.)We should pay respect, not only to our own ministers, that are over us in the Lord, and admonish us, and, for their work's sake among us, esteem them highly in love, but we must, as there is occasion, testify our love and respect to all the faithful ministers of Christ, both for his sake whose ministers they are, and for their work's sake among others.
(2.)We must, in a particular manner, honour those whom God hath singularly honoured, by making them eminently useful in their generation.
(3.)It is good to train up children in a respect to good people and good ministers. This was particularly remarkable at Tyre, which we have not met with any where else, that they brought their wives and children to attend Paul, to do him the more honour and to receive benefit by his instructions and prayers; and as angry notice was taken of the children of the idolaters of Bethel, that mocked a prophet, so, no doubt, gracious notice was taken of the children of the disciples at Tyre, that honoured an apostle, as Christ accepted the hosannas of the little children.
(4.)We should be good husbands of our opportunities, and make the utmost we can of them for the good of our souls. They brought Paul on his way, that they might have so much the more of his company and his prayers. Some refer us to Psa 45:12, as a prediction of this, The daughter of Tyre shall be there with a gift; for it is probable that they made some presents to Paul at parting, as usual to our friends that are going to sea, Act 28:10.
5.They parted with prayer, as Paul and the Ephesians elders had done, ch. 20:36. Thus Paul has taught us by example, as well as rule, to pray always, to pray without ceasing. We kneeled down on the shore and prayed. Paul prayed for himself, prayed for them, prayed for all the churches; as he was much in prayer so he was mighty in prayer. They prayed upon the shore, that their last farewell might be sanctified and sweetened with prayer. Those that are going to sea should, when they quit the shore, commit themselves to God by prayer, and put themselves under his protection, as those that hope, even when they leave the terra firma, to find firm footing for their faith in the providence and promise of God. They kneeled down on the shore, though we may suppose it either stony or dirty, and there prayed. Paul would that men should pray every where, and so he did himself; and, where he lifted up his prayer, he bowed his knees. Mr. George Herbert says, Kneeling never spoiled silk stockings.
6.They parted at last (Act 21:6): When we had taken our leave one of another, with the most affectionate embraces and expressions of love and grief, we took ship to be gone, and they returned home again, each complaining that this is a parting world. Observe how they disposed of themselves: "We, that had a journey before us, took ship, thankful that we had a ship to carry us; and those, who had no occasions to call them abroad returned home again, thankful that they had a home to go to." Rejoice Zebulun in thy going out, and Issachar in thy tents. Paul left his blessing behind him with those that returned home, and those that staid sent their prayers after those that went to sea.
IV.Their arrival at Ptolemais, which was not far from Tyre (Act 21:27):
We came to Ptolemais, which some think is the same place with Accho, which we find in the tribe of Asher, Jdg 1:31. Paul begged leave to go ashore there, to salute the brethren, to enquire of their state, and to testify his good will to them; though he could not stay long with them, yet he would not pass by them without paying his respects to them, and he abode with them one day, perhaps it was a Lord's day; better a short stay than no visit.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
One surviving comment on this verse from the historical church.
"And when we had finished our course from Tyre, we came to Ptolemais, and saluted the brethren, and abode with them one day. And the next day we that were of Paul's company departed, and came unto Caesarea: and we entered into the house of Philip the evangelist, which was one of the seven; and abode with him." Having come to Caesarea, it says, we abode with Philip, which was one of the seven.
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Summary
Acts 21:7 succinctly records a pivotal moment in Paul's journey to Jerusalem, describing the completion of his sea voyage from Tyre, his arrival at the significant port city of Ptolemais, and the brief but meaningful fellowship he and his companions shared with the local Christian community there before continuing their arduous mission. This verse, though seemingly a simple travel log, underscores the practicalities of early apostolic travel, the vital network of Christian fellowship, and Paul's unwavering progression towards his divinely appointed destination.
Context
Literary Context
This verse is an integral part of the detailed travelogue that constitutes the latter portion of the book of Acts, specifically following Paul's emotional farewell to the Ephesian elders in Miletus and his subsequent journey along the coast. Immediately preceding Acts 21:7, Paul and his company had spent seven days in Tyre, where disciples, "through the Spirit," urged him not to go to Jerusalem, highlighting the divine warnings Paul was receiving about the impending suffering that awaited him there (Acts 20:23). The departure from Tyre and arrival in Ptolemais marks the next leg of this determined, Spirit-led, yet perilous, journey towards Jerusalem, setting the stage for subsequent encounters and events detailed in the following verses, such as the visit to Caesarea.
Historical & Cultural Context
Ptolemais, known today as Acre, was a significant ancient port city located on the Phoenician coast, north of Caesarea and south of Tyre. Its strategic location made it a crucial hub for maritime trade and travel in the Roman Empire. As a major port, it would have been a natural stopping point for ships traveling along the eastern Mediterranean seaboard. The presence of "brethren" (Christian believers) in Ptolemais, like in Tyre and other cities Paul visited, testifies to the rapid expansion of the early Christian movement beyond its Jewish origins and into the broader Greco-Roman world. This network of scattered but connected Christian communities provided essential support, lodging, and fellowship for traveling apostles and missionaries, reflecting the practical outworking of Christian unity and hospitality in the 1st century.
Key Themes
Paul's journey through these coastal cities contributes to several overarching themes in Acts. Firstly, the theme of Christian Fellowship and Hospitality is prominently displayed, as Paul consistently seeks out and is welcomed by local believers, underscoring the vital communal aspect of the early church (Romans 12:13 and Hebrews 13:2). Secondly, the verse reinforces the theme of Purposeful Travel and Divine Leading. Despite the dangers and warnings, Paul's unwavering commitment to reach Jerusalem, driven by a spiritual compulsion and a desire to deliver the collection for the poor saints (Romans 15:25-26), highlights his obedience to God's call, even when it led to hardship. Finally, the brief "one day" stay in Ptolemais illustrates the Dynamic Nature of Apostolic Ministry, where even short encounters could be deeply meaningful and refreshing within the context of a demanding missionary journey.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
Meaning "to accomplish thoroughly." This word emphasizes the completion of a specific segment of their journey. It's not merely a casual stop but the successful conclusion of a particular leg of their sea voyage, implying a sense of purpose and fulfillment for that stage.
Meaning "to meet against, i.e., arrive at (literally or figuratively)." This term denotes the act of reaching a specific destination, highlighting the intentionality of their travel. It signifies the successful culmination of their navigation from Tyre to Ptolemais, marking a new geographical and relational point in their itinerary.
Meaning "to enfold in the arms, i.e., (by implication) to salute, (figuratively) to welcome." This word goes beyond a mere greeting; it conveys a warm, affectionate welcome, indicative of the strong bonds of fellowship among early Christians. It suggests a mutual recognition and embrace, demonstrating the immediate connection Paul and his companions felt with the believers in Ptolemais.
Verse Breakdown
"And when we had finished [our] course from Tyre"
This clause signifies the completion of the sea journey from Tyre, where Paul had spent seven days with disciples. The term "course" (πλόος, ploos) literally refers to a sailing or voyage, indicating the successful navigation of that particular leg of their itinerary. It marks a transition point from one port city to the next.
"we came to Ptolemais"
This specifies their destination, Ptolemais (modern Acre), a significant port city on the Phoenician coast. Their arrival here underscores the strategic importance of such coastal towns as logistical hubs for travel and as locations where Christian communities had already been established.
"and saluted the brethren"
This highlights the immediate priority upon arrival: connecting with fellow believers. The act of "saluting" (ἀσπάζομαι, aspázomai) implies a warm, affectionate greeting and welcome, demonstrating the strong bonds of Christian fellowship that transcended geographical distances in the early church. It signifies a mutual recognition and shared identity in Christ.
"and abode with them one day"
This detail indicates the brevity of their stay in Ptolemais. Despite the short duration, the decision to spend even a single day with the local believers emphasizes the value placed on fellowship, rest, and mutual encouragement within the demanding context of apostolic travel. It suggests a deliberate pause for spiritual refreshment and communal solidarity.
Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in Acts 21:7 is Itinerary Reporting. Luke, as the author, meticulously details the geographical movements and temporal durations of Paul's journey, providing a precise and factual account of his travels. This serves to authenticate the narrative, giving it a historical and eyewitness feel. Furthermore, there is an element of Narrative Progression, as each stop, no matter how brief, moves the story inexorably towards Paul's ultimate destination of Jerusalem and the significant events that await him there. The brevity of the "one day" stay could also be seen as a subtle Understatement of the significance of such brief encounters, which, though short, were vital for Paul's spiritual and physical sustenance on his arduous mission.
Theological and Thematic Connections
Acts 21:7, though brief, powerfully illustrates the profound theological truth of Christian unity and the practical outworking of the body of Christ. The immediate seeking out and welcoming of "the brethren" in Ptolemais underscores that believers, regardless of their geographical location, are bound together by a common faith in Christ. This shared identity transcends cultural and social barriers, fostering a spirit of mutual care, hospitality, and encouragement. Paul's journey was not a solitary endeavor but was sustained by this vibrant network of faith, demonstrating that the mission of God is inherently communal and relies on the active participation and support of the entire church. The short stay also highlights the importance of intentional, even if brief, fellowship for spiritual refreshment and solidarity in the midst of demanding ministry.
Reflection and Application
Acts 21:7, while a simple logistical note, offers a profound reminder of the enduring importance of Christian community and hospitality in our own lives. In a world that often prioritizes individualism and self-sufficiency, this verse calls us back to the foundational truth that we are part of a global family of faith. Just as Paul found refreshment and solidarity with the brethren in Ptolemais, we too are called to actively seek out, welcome, and support fellow believers, whether in our local church, through missions, or in unexpected encounters. Even a brief connection, a shared meal, or a moment of prayer can be a powerful source of encouragement and strength for those on their spiritual journey. This verse challenges us to consider how we might extend hospitality, both physically and spiritually, and to value the brief, yet significant, moments of fellowship that God provides along our path of faith.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
What was the significance of Ptolemais in Paul's journey?
Ptolemais (modern Acre) was a strategically important port city on the Phoenician coast, serving as a natural stopping point for ships traveling along the eastern Mediterranean. For Paul, it represented the next logical step in his sea voyage from Tyre towards Jerusalem. Its significance lies not only in its geographical position but also in the presence of a Christian community there, highlighting the widespread establishment of the early church and providing Paul with a place of immediate fellowship and rest before continuing his journey. It was a vital link in the network of early Christian communities that supported apostolic travel.
What does "saluted the brethren" imply about early Christian community?
The phrase "saluted the brethren" (ἀσπάζομαι τοὺς ἀδελφούς, aspázomai tous adelphous) implies a deep and immediate bond of fellowship and mutual recognition among early Christians. It was more than a casual greeting; it signified a warm welcome, an embrace, and an acknowledgment of shared faith and identity in Christ. This practice underscores the strong sense of family and unity that characterized the nascent church, where believers, even those previously unknown to each other, provided hospitality, support, and spiritual refreshment to traveling apostles and missionaries. It demonstrates the practical outworking of love and solidarity within the body of Christ (Romans 16:16).
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Acts 21:7, though a simple narrative detail, subtly points to Christ in its portrayal of purposeful journey, communal welcome, and the enduring nature of God's mission. Paul's determined progression towards Jerusalem, despite warnings of suffering, mirrors the resolute journey of Christ Himself, who "set His face to go to Jerusalem" (Luke 9:51), knowing the cross awaited Him there. Just as Paul was sustained by the fellowship of "the brethren," Christ established a community, His Church, to be His body on earth, extending His welcome and continuing His mission. The hospitality shown by the believers in Ptolemais reflects the ultimate hospitality of God in Christ, who welcomes sinners into His family through His atoning sacrifice (Ephesians 2:19). Every act of Christian fellowship and every step taken in obedience to God's call, as exemplified by Paul, is a participation in Christ's ongoing work of building His kingdom and gathering His people, until the day He returns to gather all His redeemed into His eternal dwelling (John 14:2-3).