Acts 13:14

KJV

¶ But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and sat down.

KJV (with Strong's)

But {G1161} when they {G846} departed {G1330} from {G575} Perga {G4011}, they came {G3854} to {G1519} Antioch {G490} in Pisidia {G4099}, and {G2532} went {G1525} into {G1519} the synagogue {G4864} on the sabbath {G4521} day {G2250}, and sat down {G2523}.

Complete Jewish Bible

but the others went on from Perga to Pisidian Antioch, and on Shabbat they went into the synagogue and sat down.

Berean Standard Bible

And from Perga, they traveled inland to Pisidian Antioch, where they entered the synagogue on the Sabbath and sat down.

American Standard Version

But they, passing through from Perga, came to Antioch of Pisidia; and they went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and sat down.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Acts 13:14 marks a pivotal moment in the first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas, detailing their strategic geographical shift from the coastal city of Perga to the significant inland Roman colony of Antioch in Pisidia. Upon arrival, their immediate action of entering the local synagogue on the Sabbath day reveals a consistent and intentional evangelistic strategy, leveraging established Jewish community gatherings as a primary platform for proclaiming the Gospel of Jesus Christ.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse immediately follows the departure of John Mark from the missionary team in [Perga](/acts/13-13 "Acts 13:13 - John Mark's Departure"), a detail that foreshadows future conflict between Paul and Barnabas. The journey from Perga to Antioch in Pisidia signifies a move from the coastal plain into the more challenging, mountainous interior of Asia Minor. This strategic relocation sets the stage for Paul's first recorded sermon in Acts, delivered in the synagogue of Antioch in Pisidia, which begins in [Acts 13:16](/acts/13-16 "Acts 13:16 - Paul's Sermon in Antioch"). The narrative highlights the apostles' purposeful movement under divine guidance, as they were commissioned by the Holy Spirit and sent out by the church in Antioch of Syria, as recounted in [Acts 13:2-3](/acts/13-2-3 "Acts 13:2-3 - The Holy Spirit Commissions Paul and Barnabas").
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Perga was a coastal city in Pamphylia, while Antioch in Pisidia was a major Roman colony, strategically located on a significant trade route. Its status as a Roman colony meant it had a degree of self-governance and was populated by Roman citizens and veterans, alongside a substantial Jewish population. Synagogues were not merely places of worship but served as vital community centers for Jewish people and "God-fearers" (Gentiles who adhered to Jewish monotheism and ethical standards without full conversion). The Sabbath was the traditional day of rest and assembly, making the synagogue the natural gathering point for the community, offering a ready and receptive audience familiar with the Old Testament scriptures.
* **Key Themes:** This verse encapsulates several key themes central to the book of Acts. Firstly, it illustrates Paul's consistent **missionary strategy**, which involved initially targeting Jewish communities in synagogues, as seen throughout his journeys, for example, in [Thessalonica](/acts/17-2 "Acts 17:2 - Paul's Custom in the Synagogue") and [Corinth](/acts/18-4 "Acts 18:4 - Paul Reasoning in the Synagogue at Corinth"). This approach allowed him to build upon the Old Testament foundation, presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Israel's prophecies. Secondly, it underscores the theme of **divine guidance and human responsiveness**, as the apostles' movements are portrayed as Spirit-led, even through challenging terrain. Finally, the **Sabbath observance** by Paul and Barnabas highlights their cultural sensitivity and strategic utilization of established customs to introduce the radical message of the Gospel within familiar frameworks.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **But (Greek, _dé'_):** This primary particle serves as an adversative or continuative conjunction, often translated as "but," "and," or "moreover." In Acts 13:14, it signals a transition or a new development in the narrative, marking a significant shift in location and setting the stage for the next phase of the missionary journey. It emphasizes the deliberate nature of their departure from Perga and arrival in Antioch.
* **synagogue (Greek, _synagōgḗ'_):** Derived from a word meaning "to bring together" or "an assemblage," _synagōgḗ_ refers to both the gathering of people and the physical place where they assembled for worship, study of the Torah, and community life. Its mention here highlights the established Jewish presence in Antioch in Pisidia and identifies the primary venue for Paul's initial evangelistic efforts, consistent with his pattern of ministry.
* **sabbath (Greek, _sábbaton'_):** Originating from the Hebrew word for "rest," _sábbaton_ denotes the seventh day of the week, consecrated for rest and worship in Jewish tradition. The specific mention of the "sabbath day" underscores the strategic timing of Paul and Barnabas's visit to the synagogue, as it was the customary day for public assembly and scriptural teaching, providing a natural and expected opportunity for them to engage with the community.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But when they departed from Perga":** This clause signifies a crucial geographical transition, marking the end of their time in the coastal region of Pamphylia. The "But" (G1161, _dé_) indicates a narrative progression, shifting from the previous context (John Mark's departure) to a new phase of the journey. Their departure suggests a purposeful movement, likely guided by the Holy Spirit, further inland.
* **"they came to Antioch in Pisidia":** This identifies their new destination, a significant Roman colony in the interior of Asia Minor. The phrase "came to" (G3854, _paragínomai_) implies their arrival and presence, indicating the successful completion of a potentially arduous journey. This city would prove to be a pivotal location for the expansion of the Gospel.
* **"and went into the synagogue on the sabbath day":** This clause highlights their immediate and consistent evangelistic strategy. "Went into" (G1525, _eisérchomai_) emphasizes their deliberate entry. Their choice to go to the "synagogue" (G4864, _synagōgḗ_) on the "sabbath day" (G4521, _sábbaton_ + G2250, _hēméra_) was not merely coincidental but a strategic decision to leverage the customary day of assembly for Jewish people and God-fearers, providing a ready audience familiar with the Old Testament.
* **"and sat down":** This seemingly simple action carries significant cultural weight. In a synagogue setting, "sitting down" (G2523, _kathízō_) was the posture adopted by teachers or those invited to speak. This detail subtly foreshadows Paul's subsequent opportunity to address the assembly, indicating his readiness to teach and share the message.

#### Literary Devices
Acts 13:14 effectively employs several literary devices to convey its meaning. **Transition** is evident in the opening "But," signaling a shift in the narrative's geographical focus and the progression of the missionary journey. This is coupled with **Narrative Progression**, as the verse moves the story forward from one location and event to the next, building anticipation for what will happen in Antioch. The phrase "went into the synagogue on the sabbath day" demonstrates **Strategic Repetition**, as it aligns with Paul's established pattern of ministry seen throughout Acts, reinforcing his consistent approach to evangelism. This repetition underscores the intentionality and methodical nature of their mission.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
This verse powerfully illustrates the strategic and Spirit-led nature of early Christian missions. Paul and Barnabas's immediate action upon arriving in Antioch—seeking out the synagogue on the Sabbath—demonstrates a profound theological conviction: the Gospel is rooted in the history of Israel and is first offered to the Jewish people, before extending to the Gentiles. This approach, while strategic, also reflects a deep respect for God's covenant faithfulness to Israel, even as the new covenant in Christ was unfolding. It highlights the continuity between the Old Testament promises and their fulfillment in Jesus, providing a theological bridge for those familiar with the Law and the Prophets. The consistent pattern of starting in the synagogue underscores the belief that the Messiah was the culmination of Israel's hope, and that the Good News was for "the Jew first and also for the Greek" ([Romans 1:16](/romans/1-16 "Romans 1:16 - The Power of the Gospel")).

* [Acts 17:2-3](/acts/17-2-3 "Acts 17:2-3 - Paul's Custom in Thessalonica"): Paul's consistent practice of reasoning from the Scriptures in the synagogue.
* [Romans 1:16](/romans/1-16 "Romans 1:16 - The Gospel for Jew and Gentile"): Paul's theological declaration that the Gospel is the power of God for salvation to everyone who believes, to the Jew first and also to the Greek.
* [Isaiah 49:6](/isaiah/49-6 "Isaiah 49:6 - A Light to the Nations"): Prophetic anticipation of Israel's role as a light to the nations, fulfilled in Christ and extended through the mission to both Jews and Gentiles.

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Acts 13:14 offers profound insights for contemporary believers concerning intentionality, strategy, and spiritual readiness in ministry. Paul and Barnabas did not simply arrive and wait for opportunities; they actively sought them out, immediately identifying the most effective platform for their message. Their consistent approach of engaging with existing communities, particularly those already familiar with God's Word, teaches us the value of meeting people where they are and building bridges from shared understanding. This verse challenges us to be proactive and discerning in our own contexts, identifying "synagogues" – whether they be community gatherings, social networks, or cultural spaces – where the Gospel can be introduced effectively. It calls us to a posture of readiness, prepared to share the hope we have, and to be sensitive to the rhythms and gathering points of our communities, just as Paul and Barnabas were sensitive to the Sabbath.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **Where are the "synagogues" in my own community or sphere of influence – the natural gathering places or existing structures – where I can strategically share the message of Christ?**
* **How can I cultivate a posture of readiness, like Paul and Barnabas, to seize opportunities for spiritual conversation and Gospel proclamation as they arise in my daily life?**
* **In what ways can I leverage shared cultural or intellectual foundations to build bridges for the Gospel, rather than starting from a place of complete unfamiliarity?**

### FAQ

**Why did Paul and Barnabas always go to the synagogue first?**
Answer: Paul and Barnabas consistently went to the synagogue first because it was a strategic and logical starting point for their missionary endeavors. The synagogue provided a ready-made audience of Jewish people and "God-fearers" (Gentiles who were attracted to Judaism) who were already familiar with the Old Testament Scriptures. This common ground allowed Paul to present Jesus as the fulfillment of Israel's prophecies and the long-awaited Messiah, building upon a shared theological framework. This approach is evident throughout Acts, such as in [Acts 17:2-3](/acts/17-2-3 "Acts 17:2-3 - Paul's Custom in Thessalonica"), where Paul "reasoned with them from the Scriptures, explaining and proving that it was necessary for the Christ to suffer and to rise from the dead." It also reflected the theological principle that the Gospel was "to the Jew first and also to the Greek" ([Romans 1:16](/romans/1-16 "Romans 1:16 - The Gospel for Jew and Gentile")).

**What was the significance of Antioch in Pisidia as a destination?**
Answer: Antioch in Pisidia was a highly significant destination for several reasons. As a Roman colony, it held strategic importance, serving as an administrative and military center. Its location on a major trade route meant that it was a hub of activity and a gateway to other regions, making it an ideal place from which the Gospel could spread further into Asia Minor. Furthermore, as a Roman colony, it had a diverse population, including Roman citizens, Greeks, and a substantial Jewish community, offering a broad audience for the Gospel message. The city's prominence and connectivity made it a strategic base for Paul's mission, allowing the message to radiate outward to surrounding areas, fulfilling the Great Commission to make disciples of all nations ([Matthew 28:19-20](/matthew/28-19-20 "Matthew 28:19-20 - The Great Commission")).

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Acts 13:14, while detailing the apostles' strategic movements, subtly points to the Christ-centered nature of their mission and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan. Paul and Barnabas's consistent practice of entering the synagogue on the Sabbath to "sit down" echoes Christ's own ministry, as He frequently taught in synagogues and was recognized as one who taught with authority (e.g., [Luke 4:16-21](/luke/4-16-21 "Luke 4:16-21 - Jesus Teaches in the Synagogue at Nazareth")). Their message, though delivered within Jewish contexts, was always about Jesus – His life, death, and resurrection – as the culmination of Old Testament prophecies and the only means of salvation. Just as Christ came first to His own people, Israel ([John 1:11](/john/1-11 "John 1:11 - He Came to His Own")), so too did His apostles, demonstrating God's faithfulness to His covenant promises. Ultimately, the synagogue visits were not an end in themselves, but a bridge to proclaim the universal reign of Christ, who breaks down dividing walls ([Ephesians 2:14](/ephesians/2-14 "Ephesians 2:14 - Christ Our Peace")) and makes one new humanity in Himself, inviting both Jew and Gentile into His kingdom ([Galatians 3:28](/galatians/3-28 "Galatians 3:28 - No Jew or Gentile in Christ")). Thus, the journey to Antioch and the entry into the synagogue foreshadow the global reach of the Gospel, all centered on the person and work of Christ.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Acts 16:13

And on the sabbath we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted [thither].

Acts 13:5

And when they were at Salamis, they preached the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews: and they had also John to [their] minister.

Acts 17:2

And Paul, as his manner was, went in unto them, and three sabbath days reasoned with them out of the scriptures,

Acts 14:19

¶ And there came thither [certain] Jews from Antioch and Iconium, who persuaded the people, and, having stoned Paul, drew [him] out of the city, supposing he had been dead.

Acts 18:4

And he reasoned in the synagogue every sabbath, and persuaded the Jews and the Greeks.

Acts 13:44

And the next sabbath day came almost the whole city together to hear the word of God.

Acts 9:20

And straightway he preached Christ in the synagogues, that he is the Son of God.