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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers 2 Corinthians 8:7–15. His two-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
In these verses the apostle uses several cogent arguments to stir up the Corinthians to this good work of charity.
I.He urges upon them the consideration of their eminence in other gifts and graces, and would have them excel in this of charity also, Co2 8:7. Great address and much holy art are here used by the apostle. When he would persuade the Corinthians to this good thing, he commends them for other good things that were found in them. Most people love to be complimented, especially when we ask a gift of them for ourselves or others; and it is a justice we owe to those in whom God's grace shines to give them their due commendation. Observe here, What it was that the Corinthians abounded in. Faith is mentioned first, for that is the root; and, as without faith it is impossible to please God (Heb 11:6), so those who abound in faith will abound in other graces and good works also; and this will work and show itself by love. To their faith was added utterance, which is an excellent gift, and redounds much to the glory of God and the good of the church. Many have faith who want utterance. But these Corinthians excelled most churches in spiritual gifts, and particularly in utterance; and yet this was not in them, as in too many, both the effect and evidence of ignorance; for with their utterance there appeared knowledge, abundance of knowledge. They had a treasury of things new and old, and in their utterance they brought out of this treasury. They abounded also in all diligence. Those who have great knowledge and ready utterance are not always the most diligent Christians. Great talkers are not always the best doers; but these Corinthians were diligent to do, as well as know and talk, well. And further, they had abundant love to their minister; and were not like too many, who, having gifts of their own, are but too apt to slight their ministers, and neglect them. Now to all these good things the apostle desires them to add this grace also, to abound in charity to the poor; that, where so much good was found, there should be found yet more good. Before the apostle proceeds to another argument he takes care to prevent any misapprehensions of his design to impose on them, or to bind heavy burdens upon them by his authority; and tells them (Co2 8:8) he does not speak by commandment, or in a way of authority. I give my advice, Co2 8:10. He took occasion from the forwardness of others to propose what would be expedient for them, and would prove the sincerity of their love, or be the genuine effect and evidence thereof. Note, A great difference should be made between plain and positive duty, and the improvement of a present opportunity of doing or getting good. Many a thing which is good for us to do, yet can not be said to be, by express and indispensable commandment, our duty at this or that time.
II.Another argument is taken from the consideration of the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ.
The best arguments for Christian duties are those that are taken from the love of Christ, that constraineth us. The example of the churches of Macedonia was such as the Corinthians should imitate; but the example of our Lord Jesus Christ should have much greater influence. And you know, saith the apostle, the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ (Co2 8:9), that though he was rich, as being God, equal in power and glory with the Father, rich in all the glory and blessedness of the upper world, yet for your sakes he became poor; not only did become man for us, but he became poor also. He was born in poor circumstances, lived a poor life, and died in poverty; and this was for our sakes, that we thereby might be made rich, rich in the love and favour of God, rich in the blessings and promises of the new covenant, rich in the hopes of eternal life, being heirs of the kingdom. This is a good reason why we should be charitable to the poor out of what we have, because we ourselves live upon the charity of the Lord Jesus Christ.
III.Another argument is taken from their good purposes, and their forwardness to begin this good work. As to this he tells them,
1.It was expedient for them to perform what they purposed, and finish what they had begun, Co2 8:10, Co2 8:11. What else did their good purposes and good beginnings signify? Good purposes, indeed, are good things; they are like buds and blossoms, pleasant to behold, and give hopes of good fruit; but they are lost, and signify nothing, without performances. So good beginnings are amiable; but we shall lose the benefit unless there be perseverance, and we bring forth fruit to perfection. Seeing therefore the Corinthians had shown a readiness to will, he would have them be careful also in the performance, according to their ability. For,
2.This would be acceptable to God. This willing mind is accepted (Co2 8:12), when accompanied with sincere endeavours. When men purpose that which is good, and endeavour, according to their ability, to perform also, God will accept of what they have, or can do, and not reject them for what they have not, and what is not in their power to do: and this is true as to other things besides the work of charity. But let us note here that this scripture will by no means justify those who think good meanings are enough, or that good purposes, and the profession of a willing mind, are sufficient to save them. It is accepted, indeed, where there is a performance as far as we are able, and when Providence hinders the performance, as in David's case concerning building a house for the Lord, 2 Sa. 7.
IV.Another argument is taken from the discrimination which the divine Providence makes in the distribution of the things of this world, and the mutability of human affairs, Co2 8:13-15. The force of the arguing seems to be this: - Providence gives to some more of the good things of this world, and to some less, and that with this design, that those who have a greater abundance may supply those who are in want, that there may be room for charity. And further, considering the mutability of human affairs, and how soon there may be an alteration, so that those who now have an abundance may stand in need of being supplied themselves in their wants, this should induce them to be charitable while they are able. It is the will of God that, by our mutually supplying one another, there should be some sort of equality; not an absolute equality indeed, or such a levelling as would destroy property, for in such a case there could be no exercise of charity. But as in works of charity there should be an equitable proportion observed, that the burden should not lie too heavy on some, while others are wholly eased, so all should think themselves concerned to supply those who are in want. This is illustrated by the instance of gathering and distributing manna in the wilderness, concerning which (as we may read, Ex. 16) it was the duty of every family, and all in the family, to gather what they could, which, when it was gathered, was put into some common receptacle for each family, whence the master of the family distributed to every one as he had occasion, to some more than they were able, through age and infirmity, to gather up; to others less than they gathered, because they did not need so much: and thus he that had gathered much (more than he had occasion for) had nothing over, when a communication was made to him that had gathered little, who by this method had no lack. Note, Such is the condition of men in this world that we mutually depend on one another, and should help one another. Those who have ever so much of this world have no more than food and raiment; and those who have but a little of this world seldom want these; nor, indeed, should those who have abundance suffer others to want, but be ready to afford supply.
Historical interpretation
Historical Reception
2 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
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See how again he is careful to give no offence and softens down what he says, by these two things, by saying, "I give advice," and, "for your profit." 'For, neither do I compel and force you,' says he, 'or demand it from unwilling subjects; nor do I say these things with an eye so much to the receivers benefit as to yours.' Then the instance also which follows is drawn from themselves, and not from others.
Who were the first to make a beginning a year ago, not only to do, but also to will.
See how he shows both that themselves were willing, and had come to this resolution without persuasion. For since he had borne this witness to the Thessalonians, that "of their own accord with much intreaty," they had prosecuted this giving of alms; he is desirous of showing of these also that this good work is their own. Wherefore he said, "not only to do, but also to will," and not "begun," but "begun before, a year ago." Unto these things therefore I exhort you, whereunto ye beforehand bestirred yourselves with all forwardness.
Paul knows and respects their willingness to help, but the time has now come for that willingness to be translated into action.
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Summary
In 2 Corinthians 8:10, the Apostle Paul offers counsel to the Corinthian church, urging them to complete the collection they had enthusiastically initiated a year prior for the impoverished believers in Jerusalem. He emphasizes that fulfilling this commitment is not merely an obligation but is genuinely advantageous and spiritually beneficial for them, highlighting the importance of translating good intentions and initial zeal into completed action.
Context
Literary Context
This verse is situated within Paul's extensive appeal to the Corinthian church regarding their participation in the collection for the saints in Jerusalem, spanning chapters 8 and 9 of 2 Corinthians. Paul has just presented the Macedonian churches as a profound example of sacrificial and joyful giving, even in extreme poverty, as detailed in 2 Corinthians 8:1-5. He uses their extraordinary generosity not to shame the Corinthians, but to inspire them to complete what they had already begun. Verse 10 directly follows Paul's expression of confidence in the Corinthians' readiness and his purpose in sending Titus to help facilitate the collection, building on their own prior commitment rather than imposing a new burden.
Historical & Cultural Context
The collection for the impoverished Jewish believers in Jerusalem was a significant undertaking for Paul, serving multiple purposes. It was a tangible expression of Christian unity, demonstrating the solidarity between the predominantly Gentile churches in the Aegean region and the mother church in Jerusalem (Romans 15:25-27). This act of benevolence was voluntary, not a tax, reflecting the early church's commitment to mutual aid and the practical outworking of love. The Corinthians had pledged their participation a year earlier, indicating an initial eagerness that, perhaps due to various reasons, had not yet culminated in the full completion of the collection. Paul's gentle reminder here acknowledges their pioneering spirit while encouraging follow-through.
Key Themes
This verse contributes to several overarching themes within Paul's letter and Christian theology. It underscores the theme of Initiative and Follow-Through, emphasizing that while starting a good work with enthusiasm is commendable, completing it is crucial for spiritual integrity and effectiveness. Paul highlights the Mutual Benefit in Giving, asserting that the act of generosity is "expedient" or profitable not only for the recipients but also for the spiritual well-being and growth of the givers, aligning with the principle that it is more blessed to give than to receive. Furthermore, the verse touches upon Willingness and Eagerness, recalling the Corinthians' initial "forwardness" and urging them to rekindle that spirit, a hallmark of genuine Christian giving, as Paul later elaborates that God loves a cheerful giver.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
This term signifies "opinion," "resolve," or "counsel." Paul is not issuing a command but offering a well-considered recommendation based on wisdom and their own prior commitment. It underscores his pastoral approach, appealing to their good judgment rather than exercising apostolic authority.
Meaning "to bear together," "to conduce," or "to be profitable/advantageous." This word is crucial, as it conveys that fulfilling their pledge would be genuinely beneficial for the Corinthians themselves, not merely a burden. It implies spiritual, relational, and perhaps even reputational advantages.
This compound verb means "to commence already" or "to be the first to begin." Paul commends the Corinthians for their pioneering spirit and initial zeal in committing to this collection, highlighting their proactive and eager involvement a year earlier.
This verb denotes "to determine," "to choose," "to prefer," or "to wish/be inclined to." It captures the Corinthians' initial eagerness, willingness, and strong desire to participate in the collection, emphasizing their subjective impulse and active option to give.
Verse Breakdown
"And herein I give [my] advice:"
Paul introduces his counsel regarding the collection. He is not issuing a strict command but offering a pastoral recommendation, emphasizing that his words are a helpful suggestion rather than an absolute dictate. This approach respects the Corinthians' autonomy and appeals to their reason and conscience.
"for this is expedient for you,"
This clause provides the rationale for Paul's advice. He explains that completing the collection is not just for the benefit of the recipients in Jerusalem but is genuinely advantageous, profitable, and spiritually beneficial for the Corinthians themselves. It implies that their faithfulness will yield positive returns for their own spiritual well-being and integrity.
"who have begun before, not only to do, but also to be forward a year ago."
Paul recalls the Corinthians' past initiative and enthusiasm. They were the first to "begin" this work, demonstrating both the practical intent ("to do") and the eager willingness or desire ("to be forward") to participate in the collection a full year prior. This serves as a gentle reminder of their initial commitment and zeal, urging them to rekindle that spirit and bring their good intentions to fruition.
Literary Devices
Paul employs several literary devices to make his appeal both persuasive and pastoral. The use of Ethos is evident as Paul leverages his apostolic authority and their shared history, reminding them of their own commendable initiative. His choice of "advice" (gnōmē) rather than "command" demonstrates Gentle Persuasion or Rhetorical Appeal, fostering a spirit of cooperation rather than obligation. There is an implicit Contrast between the Corinthians' initial eagerness ("to be forward a year ago") and the current need for completion, subtly urging them to bridge the gap between intention and action. Finally, Paul's acknowledgment of their having "begun before" functions as a form of Commendation, affirming their past zeal even as he encourages their present follow-through.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This verse profoundly connects to the biblical theology of Christian giving and faithfulness. It teaches that true generosity involves not just the initial impulse or declaration but the diligent follow-through and completion of one's commitments. Paul highlights a crucial theological truth: giving is not a one-way transaction but a reciprocal act that benefits the giver as much as, if not more than, the receiver. When believers act on their good intentions and complete their pledges, it demonstrates their integrity, strengthens their faith, and opens them up to God's continued blessing and provision. This act of completion is a testament to their sincerity and a vital aspect of their spiritual maturity, reflecting a heart that trusts God to provide and delights in being a channel of His grace.
Reflection and Application
Paul's counsel to the Corinthians remains profoundly relevant for believers today, extending beyond financial giving to all areas of Christian life and service. This verse serves as a powerful reminder that good intentions, while commendable, must ultimately translate into concrete action and faithful completion. Many initiatives, whether in personal spiritual disciplines, church ministries, or acts of compassion, begin with enthusiasm but falter due to a lack of follow-through. Paul encourages us to reflect on our own commitments and to complete what we have started, not out of legalistic obligation, but out of a recognition that such faithfulness is "expedient" – genuinely beneficial for our own spiritual growth and the glory of God. Our integrity as believers is often measured not just by what we intend to do, but by what we actually accomplish, empowered by God's grace.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Why does Paul emphasize that the Corinthians "began before" in this context?
Paul emphasizes their prior initiative to serve as a gentle, yet powerful, reminder. By acknowledging that they were the first to commit to this collection a year ago, he appeals to their own integrity, their initial zeal, and their reputation for being proactive in good works. It's a pastoral strategy that encourages them to complete what they themselves eagerly started, rather than imposing a new obligation.
What does "expedient for you" mean in practical terms for the Corinthians?
The phrase "expedient for you" (Greek: symphérō) means it would be advantageous, profitable, and genuinely beneficial for the Corinthians. In practical terms, completing their pledge would demonstrate their sincerity, strengthen their faith, foster spiritual growth, and bring them the blessing of seeing their good intentions bear fruit. It would also affirm their unity with other believers and bring glory to God through their obedience and generosity, aligning with the principles found in 2 Corinthians 9:6-11.
Is Paul commanding them to give, or simply advising?
Paul explicitly states, "herein I give my advice" (Greek: gnṓmē). He is not issuing a direct command but offering wise counsel and a strong recommendation. While his words carry apostolic weight, he appeals to their willingness, their past commitment, and the spiritual benefits of fulfilling their pledge, rather than exercising an authoritarian decree. This approach aligns with his broader teaching on cheerful and voluntary giving, as seen in 2 Corinthians 9:7.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
Paul's advice to the Corinthians, urging them to complete what they had begun, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in the person and work of Jesus Christ. Our Lord did not merely begin a work of salvation; He brought it to glorious completion. The "grace of our Lord Jesus Christ," which Paul mentions in 2 Corinthians 8:9, is the supreme example of self-emptying and generous giving. Though He was rich, yet for our sakes He became poor, so that we through His poverty might become rich. This was not a half-hearted intention but a divine resolve that led Him to the cross, where He declared, "It is finished!" The very essence of Christ's mission was to fulfill the Father's will and complete the work of redemption (John 4:34). Therefore, when believers are encouraged to complete their acts of generosity and faithfulness, they are not merely adhering to a moral principle but are imitating the very nature and finished work of Christ, who perfectly exemplified the divine commitment to bring every good intention to its glorious conclusion. Our giving and our follow-through are a reflection of His perfect, completed sacrifice on our behalf, a response to His unparalleled generosity and faithfulness.