2 Corinthians 3:9

Commentary on 2 Corinthians 3:9 (KJV)

The Apostle Paul, in 2 Corinthians 3:9, continues his profound contrast between the Old Covenant, often referred to as the Law of Moses, and the New Covenant, established through Jesus Christ. This verse highlights the surpassing glory of the New Covenant, emphasizing its power to bring righteousness and life.

Context

This verse is part of a larger argument by Paul in 2 Corinthians chapter 3, where he defends his apostolic ministry and contrasts it with those who relied on letters of recommendation or adherence to the Law. Paul has just described believers as "epistles of Christ" and stated that the "letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life". He refers to the Old Covenant, given through Moses, as the "ministration of death" (2 Corinthians 3:7) because it exposed sin and brought condemnation, even though it came with immense glory, evidenced by Moses' shining face after encountering God on Mount Sinai (Exodus 34:29). Verse 9 builds upon this, asserting that if the Law, which revealed sin and led to condemnation, possessed glory, then the New Covenant, which brings righteousness, possesses an even greater, exceeding glory.

Key Themes and Messages

• The Superiority of the New Covenant: The primary message is that the New Covenant, based on God's grace and faith in Christ, is vastly superior to the Old Covenant (the Law). While the Law was glorious in its origin and purpose, it ultimately led to condemnation because humanity could not perfectly fulfill its demands.
• Righteousness by Grace: The "ministration of righteousness" refers to God's provision of righteousness through faith in Jesus Christ, where believers are declared just in His sight, not by their own works (Romans 3:22). This stands in stark contrast to the Law, which only revealed sin and brought condemnation.
• Surpassing Glory: Paul emphasizes the "exceeding glory" of the New Covenant. The Old Covenant's glory was temporary and veiled; the New Covenant's glory is permanent, unveiled, and transformative, bringing life and freedom. This glory is not just external but internal, transforming the hearts of believers.

Linguistic Insights

• "Ministration" (Greek: diakonia): This term signifies "service," "ministry," or "administration." Paul uses it to describe the respective roles or dispensations of both the Law and the Spirit.
• "Condemnation" (Greek: katakrisis): This refers to "judgment" or "condemnation." The Law, while holy and good, served to condemn because it highlighted humanity's inability to meet God's perfect standards.
• "Righteousness" (Greek: dikaiosyne): This powerful term means "justification," "right standing with God," or "the state of being righteous." In the New Covenant, this righteousness is a gift from God, received by faith, not earned.
• "Exceed in glory" (Greek: perisseuo en doxa): This phrase conveys the idea of "to abound," "to be preeminent," or "to be superior in glory." It underscores the immeasurable value and splendor of the New Covenant.

Practical Application

This verse offers profound implications for believers today. It serves as a reminder of the incredible gift of salvation and righteousness we have in Christ.

• Freedom from Legalism: Understanding the "ministration of righteousness" frees us from the burden of trying to earn God's favor through our own efforts or adherence to a strict set of rules. Our right standing with God comes through faith in Jesus' finished work, not by our own performance.
• Gratitude for Grace: It deepens our appreciation for God's grace. The New Covenant, prophesied in Jeremiah 31:31, provides a living relationship with God through the Spirit, rather than external regulations.
• Living in the Spirit: As recipients of this glorious New Covenant, we are called to live by the Spirit, reflecting the unveiled glory of God in our lives, transforming us from glory to glory (2 Corinthians 3:18). This understanding brings immense hope and assurance.