2 Chronicles 32:1

Commentary on 2 Chronicles 32:1

This verse marks a pivotal moment in the reign of King Hezekiah of Judah, introducing a major threat to the kingdom's security and faith. It states that "After these things, and the establishment thereof," referring to Hezekiah's extensive religious reforms and the restoration of temple worship and the Passover celebration, "Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and entered into Judah, and encamped against the fenced cities, and thought to win them for himself."

Historical and Cultural Context

The phrase "After these things, and the establishment thereof" is crucial. It highlights that this formidable invasion by Sennacherib, the powerful king of Assyria, occurred not during a period of spiritual decline but immediately following a significant spiritual revival under Hezekiah. Hezekiah had led the people back to the Lord, cleansing the temple (2 Chronicles 29), restoring the priesthood, and celebrating a nationwide Passover (2 Chronicles 30). This context sets up a profound theological challenge: why would such a devastating trial come after a period of obedience and blessing?

Sennacherib was one of the most powerful rulers of the Assyrian Empire, a dominant force in the ancient Near East known for its brutal military campaigns and effective siege warfare. Assyria had already conquered the northern kingdom of Israel in 722 BC, taking its inhabitants into exile. Judah, as the sole remaining Hebrew kingdom, now faced the full might of this formidable empire. Sennacherib’s campaign against Judah in 701 BC is well-documented in Assyrian records, confirming the biblical account. His intention was clear: to conquer Judah's fortified cities and integrate them into his vast empire, thereby securing his western frontier and extending his influence.

Key Themes and Messages

• Trial After Revival: This verse introduces the theme that faithfulness does not guarantee an absence of trials. Sometimes, God allows challenges even after periods of great spiritual growth and obedience, perhaps to test faith, reveal His power, or deepen reliance on Him.
• The Threat of Human Power: Sennacherib represents overwhelming human strength and ambition. His invasion underscores the vulnerability of even a righteous kingdom when faced with a superior military force.
• Divine Sovereignty Foreshadowed: While this verse describes the onset of the crisis, it sets the stage for God's miraculous intervention, which will be detailed later in the chapter (2 Chronicles 32:21). It subtly points to the truth that no human power can ultimately thwart God's plans.

Related Scriptures

The events described in this verse are also recounted in other parts of the Old Testament, providing a fuller picture of Sennacherib's campaign against Judah and Hezekiah's response:

• 2 Kings 18:13-19:37 offers a parallel narrative focusing on the political and prophetic aspects.
• Isaiah 36:1-37:38 presents the prophet Isaiah's role and messages during this crisis.

Practical Application

For believers today, 2 Chronicles 32:1 serves as a reminder that spiritual growth and commitment to God do not exempt us from difficulties. We may experience times of peace and spiritual flourishing, only to face unexpected challenges or "invasions" in our lives. This verse encourages us to:

• Not Be Surprised by Trials: Understand that trials can follow periods of blessing or obedience.
• Look Beyond Circumstances: Recognize that God's purposes are at work even when circumstances seem overwhelming.
• Prepare for Opposition: Just as Hezekiah prepared for the siege (as seen in subsequent verses), we should be spiritually prepared to face opposition, trusting in God's ultimate deliverance.