1 Kings 7:29

KJV

And on the borders that [were] between the ledges [were] lions, oxen, and cherubims: and upon the ledges [there was] a base above: and beneath the lions and oxen [were] certain additions made of thin work.

KJV (with Strong's)

And on the borders {H4526} that were between the ledges {H7948} were lions {H738}, oxen {H1241}, and cherubims {H3742}: and upon the ledges {H7948} there was a base {H3653} above {H4605}: and beneath the lions {H738} and oxen {H1241} were certain additions {H3914} made of thin {H4174} work {H4639}.

Complete Jewish Bible

and on the panels between the corner-posts were lions, oxen and k'ruvim. The corner-posts above were similarly designed. Below the lions and oxen were wreaths of hammered work.

Berean Standard Bible

and on the panels between the uprights were lions, oxen, and cherubim. On the uprights was a pedestal above, and below the lions and oxen were wreaths of beveled work.

American Standard Version

and on the panels that were between the ledges were lions, oxen, and cherubim; and upon the ledges there was a pedestal above; and beneath the lions and oxen were wreaths of hanging work.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Kings 7:29 offers a meticulous description of the elaborate artistry adorning the movable bronze stands that supported the ten lavers within King Solomon's magnificent Temple. This verse specifically details the intricate decorative motifs on the panels and ledges of these stands, featuring symbolic representations of lions, oxen, and cherubim, alongside delicate "thin work" and "additions," all contributing to the profound theological and aesthetic grandeur of God's dwelling place.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within the comprehensive biblical account of the construction and furnishing of Solomon's Temple, primarily detailed in [1 Kings 6-7](/1_kings/6 "1 Kings 6-7 - Construction and Furnishing of Solomon's Temple"). Following the architectural description of the Temple's main structure in [1 Kings 6](/1_kings/6 "1 Kings 6 - Solomon Builds the Temple"), chapter 7 meticulously outlines the elaborate bronze work crafted by Hiram of Tyre, a master artisan. The passage from [1 Kings 7:23-39](/1_kings/7-23-39 "1 Kings 7:23-39 - The Bronze Sea and the Ten Lavers") specifically focuses on the "bronze sea" and the ten movable stands with their lavers. Verse 29 provides a particular, highly detailed description of the decorative elements on the "borders" and "ledges" of these stands, emphasizing the meticulous attention to detail in every aspect of the sacred edifice, down to the smallest ornamental features.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Solomon's Temple served as the central place of worship for ancient Israel, embodying God's covenantal presence among His people and functioning as the spiritual and national focal point. The employment of skilled Phoenician craftsmen, such as Hiram (mentioned in [1 Kings 7:13](/1_kings/7-13 "1 Kings 7:13 - Hiram of Tyre, Master Craftsman")), highlights the advanced level of artistry and metallurgical expertise prevalent in the ancient Near East, particularly from Tyre, renowned for its sophisticated bronze work. The imagery of lions and oxen was common in the iconographies of surrounding cultures, often symbolizing power, royalty, and fertility. However, within the monotheistic Yahwistic context of the Temple, these symbols were recontextualized to serve the theological narrative of Israel's God, emphasizing His supreme strength, sovereignty, and the steadfastness of His covenant, distinct from pagan associations.
* **Key Themes:** The meticulous description in [1 Kings 7:29](/1_kings/7-29 "1 Kings 7:29 - Decorations on the Laver Stands") contributes to several overarching themes within the broader narrative of the Temple. The prominent presence of **cherubim** is a powerful symbol of **Divine Glory and Presence**, consistently associated with God's throne, His mobility, and sacred space, as seen guarding the [Tree of Life in Genesis 3:24](/genesis/3-24 "Genesis 3:24 - Cherubim Guard the Way to the Tree of Life") and adorning the [Ark of the Covenant in Exodus 25:18-22](/exodus/25-18-22 "Exodus 25:18-22 - Cherubim on the Ark of the Covenant"). The inclusion of **lions** and **oxen** speaks to **Strength, Royalty, and Service**, signifying the robust nature of the Temple's functions, the power associated with God's dwelling, and the sacrificial service performed within its courts. Finally, the mention of "thin work" and "additions" underscores the theme of **Exquisite Craftsmanship and Excellence in Worship**, highlighting the immense skill, significant expense, and profound reverence invested in every component of God's house, reflecting the immeasurable value placed on His holy presence.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Borders (Hebrew, _miçgereth'_):** From the root meaning "to enclose," this term (H4526) refers to the enclosing frame or panel. In the context of the laver stands, it denotes the defined edges or margins upon which the decorative elements were placed. This highlights the structured and intentional design, emphasizing the meticulous planning and precise execution involved in the Temple's furnishings, where even the framing elements were subjects of artistic embellishment.
* **Oxen (Hebrew, _bâqâr'_):** This word (H1241) refers collectively to beef cattle or animals of the ox family, often associated with plowing, labor, and sacrifice. Their inclusion on the laver stands symbolizes strength, endurance, and the steadfast service required in the Temple's functions, particularly in relation to the sacrificial system and the cleansing rituals performed with the lavers. It also subtly connects to the agricultural abundance and blessing associated with God's covenant.
* **Additions (Hebrew, _lôyâh'_):** Derived from a word meaning "to join" or "to be attached," this term (H3914) refers to a wreath or an ornamental appendage. In this verse, it describes decorative elements that were "added" or attached beneath the main figures of lions and oxen. This detail underscores the comprehensive nature of the ornamentation, indicating that no part of the stands, even the less prominent areas, was left unadorned, reflecting an unparalleled commitment to beauty and detail in God's service.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And on the borders that [were] between the ledges [were] lions, oxen, and cherubims:"** This initial clause describes the primary decorative motifs found on the panels or frames of the movable stands. It specifies three distinct figures: lions, symbolizing strength, royalty, and perhaps guardianship; oxen, representing labor, steadfastness, and sacrificial service; and cherubim, denoting divine presence, holiness, and guardianship of sacred space. Their placement on the "borders" (panels) located "between the ledges" (structural supports) indicates a deliberate and integrated design where profound symbolism was woven into the very fabric of the Temple's functional furnishings.
* **"and upon the ledges [there was] a base above:"** This part of the verse clarifies the structural components of the stands and their function. The "ledges" were horizontal supports or cross-pieces, and "upon" them was a "base" (H3653, _kên_) positioned "above" (H4605, _maʻal_). This suggests a platform or a supporting structure specifically designed to hold the large bronze laver itself. This detail highlights the engineering prowess and functional design of the stands, which were not merely decorative but robust structures capable of bearing the immense weight of the water-filled lavers.
* **"and beneath the lions and oxen [were] certain additions made of thin work."** This final clause points to additional, subordinate decorative elements located below the main animal figures. The phrase "certain additions" (H3914, _lôyâh_) combined with "made of thin work" (H4174, _môwrâd_, a descent or ornamental appendage, and H4639, _maʻăseh_, work) indicates intricate, delicate, and possibly flowing or hanging ornamentation, perhaps in relief or filigree. This further emphasizes the extreme level of detail and artistry applied to every part of the stands, ensuring that even the less prominent areas were adorned with exquisite craftsmanship, reflecting the ultimate dedication to God's glory.

#### Literary Devices
The verse employs several literary devices to convey its meaning and impact. **Imagery** is central, as the detailed enumeration of lions, oxen, cherubim, and "thin work" creates a vivid mental picture of the elaborate and ornate stands. This visual richness serves to emphasize the grandeur, sacredness, and unparalleled beauty of the Temple's furnishings. **Symbolism** is profoundly utilized, with each creature carrying specific theological weight: lions for strength, royalty, and divine authority; oxen for steadfastness, service, and the sacrificial system; and cherubim for divine presence, holiness, and guardianship. These symbols are not merely decorative but communicate deeper truths about God's character and the nature of worship. Furthermore, the meticulous enumeration of details, from the "borders" and "ledges" to the "additions made of thin work," functions as a form of **Emphasis**, underscoring the extraordinary care, expense, and reverence invested in every aspect of the Temple's construction and furnishing, reflecting the profound value placed on God's dwelling place.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The meticulous detail dedicated to the Temple's furnishings, as exemplified in 1 Kings 7:29, powerfully communicates the Israelite understanding of God's character and the nature of His dwelling among His people. The combination of powerful creatures like lions and oxen with the celestial cherubim on the laver stands underscores that God's presence is simultaneously majestic, strong, sovereign, and utterly holy. These decorations were not mere aesthetic choices but profound theological statements, reinforcing the sanctity and divine authority of the space where purification rituals occurred. They served as constant visual reminders of the glory of the God who commanded such excellence and the profound reverence required for those who ministered in His presence. The elaborate craftsmanship speaks to the principle that anything dedicated to God should be of the highest quality, reflecting the immeasurable value of His glory and the honor due to His name.

* [Exodus 25:18-22](/exodus/25-18-22 "Exodus 25:18-22 - Cherubim on the Ark of the Covenant")
* [Ezekiel 1:5-12](/ezekiel/1-5-12 "Ezekiel 1:5-12 - Ezekiel's Vision of Cherubim")
* [Psalm 96:6](/psalms/96-6 "Psalm 96:6 - Splendor and Majesty are Before Him")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
The intricate artistry of the Temple's laver stands, as described in 1 Kings 7:29, offers a profound lesson for believers today. The meticulous attention to detail, the use of precious materials, and the symbolic imagery all point to the reverence and excellence with which God's dwelling place was to be treated. While we no longer worship in a physical Temple made with hands, the New Testament teaches that our bodies are now [temples of the Holy Spirit](/1_corinthians/6-19 "1 Corinthians 6:19 - Your Body is a Temple of the Holy Spirit"), and the Church collectively forms a spiritual house built on Christ. This verse prompts us to consider the quality of our own "worship" – not just in formal gatherings, but in every aspect of our lives. Are we offering our "thin work" – our best efforts, our most refined skills, our deepest devotion – to God? Do we approach our spiritual lives with the same intentionality, beauty, and reverence that characterized the construction of Solomon's Temple? The call is to live lives that reflect the glory of God, recognizing His holy presence within us and among us, and striving for excellence in all that we do for His name, knowing that even the smallest acts done with reverence can be profoundly significant.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous detail of the Temple's construction, even for its furnishings, challenge our modern understanding of worship and service?**
* **In what ways can we, as "temples of the Holy Spirit," reflect the same level of excellence and intentionality in our daily lives that was evident in Solomon's Temple?**
* **What "thin work" – specific skills, talents, or efforts – can you dedicate to God with greater reverence and devotion in your current season of life?**
* **How does recognizing God's glorious presence, symbolized by the cherubim, impact your approach to purity and holiness in your personal life and communal interactions?**

### FAQ
**Why were lions, oxen, and cherubim specifically chosen for these decorations on the laver stands?**

Answer: These creatures were chosen for their rich symbolic meanings, which resonated deeply within the ancient Israelite worldview and the broader ancient Near Eastern context, yet were recontextualized for Yahwistic worship. Lions (H738, _ʼărîy_) symbolized strength, royalty, and guardianship, often associated with kingship and divine power, reflecting God's sovereign rule. Oxen (H1241, _bâqâr_) represented strength, steadfastness, and labor, commonly used in agriculture and sacrifice, thus signifying diligent service and the utility of the cleansing rituals. Cherubim (H3742, _kᵉrûwb_), however, carried the most profound theological weight, consistently appearing in Scripture as guardians of sacred space and attendants to God's glorious presence, as seen on the [Ark of the Covenant in Exodus 25:18-22](/exodus/25-18-22 "Exodus 25:18-22 - Cherubim on the Ark of the Covenant") and in prophetic visions like [Ezekiel 1:5-12](/ezekiel/1-5-12 "Ezekiel 1:5-12 - Ezekiel's Vision of Cherubim"). Their combined presence on the laver stands underscored the Temple's sanctity, the formidable power of God, and the sacred nature of the cleansing and purification rituals performed there, emphasizing that even the functional elements were imbued with divine significance.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The intricate and symbolic decorations of the Temple's laver stands, detailed in [1 Kings 7:29](/1_kings/7-29 "1 Kings 7:29 - Decorations on the Laver Stands"), find their ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The Temple itself, with all its furnishings and rituals, was a shadow pointing to the reality of God's dwelling among humanity, a reality perfectly embodied in Jesus, who is the [Word made flesh, who tabernacled among us](/john/1-14 "John 1:14 - The Word Became Flesh and Dwelt Among Us"). The cherubim, symbols of God's glorious presence, holiness, and guardianship, foreshadow the direct and unhindered access to God that we now have through Christ, our [great High Priest who has passed through the heavens](/hebrews/4-14 "Hebrews 4:14 - Jesus, Our Great High Priest"), tearing the veil between humanity and the Holy of Holies. The cleansing function of the lavers, essential for priestly purity before ministering, points directly to Christ's perfect and once-for-all sacrifice, which truly [cleanses us from all sin](/1_john/1-7 "1 John 1:7 - The Blood of Jesus Cleanses Us") and purifies our consciences to serve the living God, as described in [Hebrews 9:14](/hebrews/9-14 "Hebrews 9:14 - Christ's Blood Purifies Our Conscience"). The strength symbolized by the lions and oxen is perfectly fulfilled in Christ, the [Lion of the tribe of Judah](/revelation/5-5 "Revelation 5:5 - The Lion of the Tribe of Judah"), who conquered sin and death with divine power, and the ultimate Suffering Servant who faithfully bore the burdens of humanity. Thus, the beauty, strength, holiness, and cleansing depicted on these ancient Temple furnishings converge in the person and redemptive work of Christ, who is the [radiance of God's glory and the exact imprint of His nature](/hebrews/1-3 "Hebrews 1:3 - The Radiance of God's Glory").

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Hebrews 9:5

And over it the cherubims of glory shadowing the mercyseat; of which we cannot now speak particularly.

Ezekiel 41:18

And [it was] made with cherubims and palm trees, so that a palm tree [was] between a cherub and a cherub; and [every] cherub had two faces;

Ezekiel 41:19

So that the face of a man [was] toward the palm tree on the one side, and the face of a young lion toward the palm tree on the other side: [it was] made through all the house round about.

Ezekiel 1:10

As for the likeness of their faces, they four had the face of a man, and the face of a lion, on the right side: and they four had the face of an ox on the left side; they four also had the face of an eagle.

Hosea 5:14

For I [will be] unto Ephraim as a lion, and as a young lion to the house of Judah: I, [even] I, will tear and go away; I will take away, and none shall rescue [him].

1 Kings 7:25

It stood upon twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east: and the sea [was set] above upon them, and all their hinder parts [were] inward.

1 Peter 2:5

Ye also, as lively stones, are built up a spiritual house, an holy priesthood, to offer up spiritual sacrifices, acceptable to God by Jesus Christ.