1 Corinthians 7:28

KJV

But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.

KJV (with Strong's)

But {G1161} and {G2532} if {G1437} thou marry {G1060}, thou hast {G264} not {G3756} sinned {G264}; and {G2532} if {G1437} a virgin {G3933} marry {G1060}, she hath {G264} not {G3756} sinned {G264}. Nevertheless {G1161} such {G5108} shall have {G2192} trouble {G2347} in the flesh {G4561}: but {G1161} I {G1473} spare {G5339} you {G5216}.

Complete Jewish Bible

But if you marry you do not sin, and if a girl marries she does not sin. It is just that those who get married will have the normal problems of married life, and I would rather spare you.

Berean Standard Bible

But if you do marry, you have not sinned. And if a virgin marries, she has not sinned. But those who marry will face troubles in this life, and I want to spare you this.

American Standard Version

But shouldest thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Yet such shall have tribulation in the flesh: and I would spare you.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
The Apostle Paul, addressing the Corinthian believers, clarifies that marriage for either a man or a virgin is not a sin, directly countering any ascetic or misguided notions within the community. However, he immediately follows this affirmation with a pragmatic warning that those who marry will experience "trouble in the flesh," referring to the inherent difficulties, pressures, and afflictions that accompany earthly life and the responsibilities of a marital union. Paul concludes this counsel with a tenderhearted declaration of his pastoral compassion, choosing not to elaborate further on the extent of these troubles, thereby sparing his audience from excessive discouragement.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within a larger discourse in [1 Corinthians 7](/1_corinthians/7 "1 Corinthians 7 - Instructions on Marriage and Singleness"), where Paul provides extensive guidance on marriage, singleness, and celibacy in response to specific questions from the Corinthian church (implied by the phrase "Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me" in [1 Corinthians 7:1](/1_corinthians/7-1 "1 Corinthians 7:1 - Paul's Response to Corinthian Questions")). Paul's overarching counsel often leans towards the advantages of singleness for undivided devotion to the Lord, particularly in light of the "present distress" mentioned in [1 Corinthians 7:26](/1_corinthians/7-26 "1 Corinthians 7:26 - The Present Distress"). Within this framework, [1 Corinthians 7:28](/1_corinthians/7-28 "1 Corinthians 7:28 - Marriage is Not Sinful, But Has Troubles") serves as a crucial balancing statement, affirming the legitimacy of marriage while tempering expectations with a dose of realism. It follows Paul's advice to widows and the unmarried in [1 Corinthians 7:27](/1_corinthians/7-27 "1 Corinthians 7:27 - Remain as You Are Called") to remain in their current state if possible, providing a caveat for those who choose otherwise.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** First-century Corinth was a bustling, cosmopolitan port city, notorious for its moral laxity and diverse religious practices, including various pagan cults and philosophical schools. Within the Christian community, there appears to have been a tension between those advocating for extreme asceticism (perhaps influenced by Gnostic-like ideas that denigrated the body or material world) and those who might have abused Christian freedom. Some believers might have considered marriage to be a less spiritual state, or even sinful, especially given the "present distress" which could refer to impending persecution, famine, or the general eschatological urgency regarding Christ's return. Paul's words in [1 Corinthians 7:28](/1_corinthians/7-28 "1 Corinthians 7:28 - Marriage is Not Sinful, But Has Troubles") directly address these potential misunderstandings, affirming marriage as a legitimate, God-ordained institution while also acknowledging the practical realities of life in a fallen world, particularly for those with familial responsibilities.

* **Key Themes:** This verse contributes significantly to several key themes prevalent in [1 Corinthians](/1_corinthians/1 "1 Corinthians - Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians"). Firstly, it underscores the theme of **Christian Freedom and Responsibility**, demonstrating that while believers have liberty in Christ, choices (like marriage) come with practical implications. Secondly, it highlights **Paul's Pastoral Wisdom and Pragmatism**, as he offers balanced counsel that is both theologically sound and realistically addresses the challenges of human existence. He doesn't condemn marriage but provides a sober assessment of its earthly realities. Thirdly, the verse touches on the theme of **Living in the "Already and Not Yet"**, where believers experience the blessings of salvation ("not sinned") but still contend with the difficulties of a fallen world ("trouble in the flesh") as they await the full consummation of God's Kingdom. This theme is echoed throughout Paul's writings, such as in [Romans 8:18-25](/romans/8-18-25 "Romans 8:18-25 - Future Glory and Present Suffering"), where he speaks of the groaning of creation and believers awaiting redemption.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **marry (Greek, _gaméō_):** From *gamos*, meaning "to wed." This word encompasses the act of entering into a marital union, whether for a man taking a wife or a woman taking a husband. Paul's use here emphasizes the legitimacy of the institution of marriage itself, validating the choice to marry as a permissible and natural act within God's design.
* **sinned (Greek, _hamartánō_):** Properly, "to miss the mark," and figuratively, "to err," especially "morally to sin." By stating that one "hast not sinned" by marrying, Paul unequivocally declares that marriage is not inherently sinful or spiritually inferior. This directly counters any legalistic or ascetic views that might have emerged in Corinth, affirming marriage as a morally neutral and permissible state for believers.
* **trouble (Greek, _thlîpsis_):** From *thlíbō*, meaning "to press." This word denotes "pressure," "affliction," "tribulation," or "distress." It is a strong term often used in the New Testament to describe the difficulties and sufferings that believers face in this world. Paul uses it here to convey the real and unavoidable hardships, burdens, and pressures that are an intrinsic part of married life in a fallen world, not as a condemnation of marriage, but as a realistic assessment.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned;":** Paul begins with an emphatic affirmation. He addresses the male believer directly ("thou"), stating clearly that choosing to marry is not a transgression against God's will or a moral failing. This sets a foundational truth, dispelling any notion that celibacy is the only "holy" path.
* **"and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned.":** This clause extends the same principle to virgins (unmarried women). Just as for men, a virgin's decision to marry is equally free from sin. This reinforces the universal permissibility and honorability of marriage for all believers, regardless of gender or previous marital status.
* **"Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh:":** Despite the affirmation of marriage's sinlessness, Paul introduces a stark reality. The Greek "Nevertheless" (G1161, *dé*) acts as a strong adversative, indicating a significant contrast. "Such" refers to those who choose to marry. "Trouble in the flesh" (G2347, *thlîpsis* G4561, *sárx*) points to the inevitable difficulties, pressures, and afflictions that arise from living in a human body in a fallen world, specifically intensified by the responsibilities, complexities, and shared burdens of a marital relationship. This is not a curse, but a realistic assessment of life's inherent challenges.
* **"but I spare you.":** Paul concludes with a tender, pastoral note. The conjunction "but" (G1161, *dé*) again introduces a nuance. He chooses not to elaborate on the specific nature or full extent of these "troubles." This demonstrates his compassion and empathy, as he wishes not to overwhelm or discourage his audience with a detailed list of potential hardships, but rather to offer a general, merciful warning.

#### Literary Devices
Paul employs several literary devices in [1 Corinthians 7:28](/1_corinthians/7-28 "1 Corinthians 7:28 - Marriage is Not Sinful, But Has Troubles"). There is clear **Affirmation** at the outset, where he unequivocally states that marrying is not a sin, setting a positive theological foundation. This is immediately followed by a stark **Admonition** or warning, "Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh," which serves as a pragmatic reality check. The contrast between "not sinned" and "trouble in the flesh" creates a subtle **Antithesis**, highlighting the paradox of a permissible choice leading to inherent difficulties. Finally, the concluding phrase, "but I spare you," reveals a profound **Pastoral Tone** and **Euphemism**. Paul's choice to withhold further detail about the "trouble" is an act of compassionate restraint, demonstrating his care for the Corinthians' well-being and his desire not to burden them unnecessarily.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Corinthians 7:28 provides a crucial theological balance regarding marriage. It upholds the biblical truth that marriage is an honorable institution, ordained by God from creation, and is not inherently sinful. This counters any Gnostic or ascetic tendencies that might devalue the physical or marital state. However, it simultaneously offers a realistic assessment of life in a fallen world, where even God-ordained institutions are subject to the "trouble in the flesh" – the pressures, difficulties, and sufferings that are part and parcel of human existence outside of Eden. This tension between divine blessing and worldly reality is a pervasive theme in Christian theology, reminding believers that while they are "in Christ," they are still "in the world." The verse implicitly encourages believers to approach marriage with sober expectations, grounded in the understanding that while it is a gift, it is also a context for growth through shared challenges and reliance on God's grace.

* [Hebrews 13:4](/hebrews/13-4 "Hebrews 13:4 - Marriage is Honorable")
* [John 16:33](/john/16-33 "John 16:33 - In the World You Will Have Tribulation")
* [Romans 8:18](/romans/8-18 "Romans 8:18 - Present Sufferings and Future Glory")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
1 Corinthians 7:28 offers profound insights for believers navigating life choices, particularly concerning marriage. Firstly, it provides immense freedom and grace: marrying is not a second-class spiritual choice. No one should feel guilt or spiritual inferiority for choosing marriage over singleness. This liberates individuals from legalistic pressures and affirms the beauty and validity of the marital covenant. Secondly, the verse cultivates realistic expectations. Marriage, while a divine institution and a source of profound joy, is not a utopian escape from the world's difficulties. Paul's "trouble in the flesh" serves as a sober reminder that shared life, responsibilities, financial burdens, family dynamics, and the general pressures of a fallen world will inevitably bring challenges. Embracing this reality helps couples prepare for, navigate, and even grow through difficulties with grace, patience, and mutual support, rather than being disillusioned by unrealistic ideals. Finally, Paul's pastoral compassion in "sparing" the Corinthians from a detailed list of woes encourages believers to trust in God's provision and wisdom in all circumstances, recognizing that while life has its troubles, God's grace is sufficient.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does Paul's affirmation that marriage is not sinful challenge any preconceived notions you might have about spiritual superiority or inferiority based on marital status?**
* **In what ways do you see "trouble in the flesh" manifesting in modern marriages, and how can a realistic understanding of these challenges strengthen a couple's resilience and faith?**
* **How does Paul's pastoral approach ("but I spare you") inform your understanding of compassionate leadership and communication within the church today?**
* **Considering Paul's counsel, how might a believer thoughtfully discern their marital status in light of their calling and devotion to the Lord?**

### FAQ

**Does "trouble in the flesh" mean marriage is a bad thing, or that God doesn't want people to marry?**

Answer: No, "trouble in the flesh" does not mean marriage is bad or that God discourages it. Paul explicitly states twice in [1 Corinthians 7:28](/1_corinthians/7-28 "1 Corinthians 7:28 - Marriage is Not Sinful, But Has Troubles") that "thou hast not sinned" by marrying. The phrase "trouble in the flesh" (Greek: *thlîpsis en tē sarki*) refers to the inherent difficulties, pressures, and afflictions that are part of human existence in a fallen world, and which are often amplified by the responsibilities and complexities of a shared life in marriage. It's a pragmatic, realistic warning about the challenges that come with any earthly relationship and commitment, not a condemnation of marriage itself, which is affirmed elsewhere in Scripture as honorable (e.g., [Hebrews 13:4](/hebrews/13-4 "Hebrews 13:4 - Marriage is Honorable")).

**What kind of "trouble" is Paul referring to?**

Answer: Paul does not specify the exact nature of the "trouble," as he states "I spare you" from a detailed list. However, given the context of marriage and life in a fallen world, the "trouble" (Greek: *thlîpsis*, meaning "pressure," "tribulation," "affliction") could encompass a wide range of difficulties. This might include financial burdens, the challenges of raising children, relational conflicts, health issues, the sorrows of shared grief, the added responsibilities that distract from undivided devotion to the Lord (as hinted in [1 Corinthians 7:32-35](/1_corinthians/7-32-35 "1 Corinthians 7:32-35 - Undivided Devotion")), or even the increased vulnerability to persecution that married individuals with families might face. It's a general acknowledgment of the real-world complexities and hardships that come with deeply intertwined lives.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While 1 Corinthians 7:28 primarily offers practical guidance on marriage, its underlying theological currents point powerfully to Christ. The "trouble in the flesh" that Paul warns about is a direct consequence of humanity's fall, a reality that necessitates the redemptive work of Jesus Christ. Our broken world, marked by sin and suffering, is precisely what Christ entered to redeem. He himself experienced the ultimate "trouble in the flesh" through His suffering, crucifixion, and death, bearing the weight of human sin and its consequences (e.g., [Isaiah 53:3-5](/isaiah/53-3-5 "Isaiah 53:3-5 - The Suffering Servant")). Furthermore, Christ's own singleness, though not explicitly mentioned here, serves as a profound example of undivided devotion to the Father, a theme Paul subtly promotes for those who can receive it (e.g., [1 Corinthians 7:32-35](/1_corinthians/7-32-35 "1 Corinthians 7:32-35 - Undivided Devotion")). Ultimately, the hope for those in "trouble in the flesh," whether married or single, rests in Christ. He is our peace in tribulation ([John 16:33](/john/16-33 "John 16:33 - In the World You Will Have Tribulation")), our strength in weakness ([2 Corinthians 12:9-10](/2_corinthians/12-9-10 "2 Corinthians 12:9-10 - God's Grace is Sufficient")), and the one who promises that in Him, our ultimate future is free from all tears and pain ([Revelation 21:4](/revelation/21-4 "Revelation 21:4 - No More Tears")). Marriage, in its earthly reality, becomes a crucible where believers learn to rely more deeply on Christ's grace, mirroring the Church's relationship with her divine Bridegroom, who will one day present her without spot or wrinkle ([Ephesians 5:25-27](/ephesians/5-25-27 "Ephesians 5:25-27 - Christ and the Church")).

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Hebrews 13:4

Marriage [is] honourable in all, and the bed undefiled: but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge.

1 Corinthians 7:32

But I would have you without carefulness. He that is unmarried careth for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the Lord:

1 Corinthians 7:36

¶ But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of [her] age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.

1 Corinthians 7:26

I suppose therefore that this is good for the present distress, [I say], that [it is] good for a man so to be.

2 Corinthians 1:23

Moreover I call God for a record upon my soul, that to spare you I came not as yet unto Corinth.