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Public-domain commentary
Matthew Henry
From his Commentary on the Whole Bible. Henry comments on passages, not single verses — this entry covers 1 Corinthians 16:13–18. His three-level outline is real structure in the source text, so it is rendered as structure.
In this passage the apostle gives,
I.Some general advices; as,
1.That they should watch (Co1 16:13), be wakeful and upon their guard. A Christian is always in danger, and therefore should ever be on the watch; but the danger is greater at some times and under some circumstances. The Corinthians were in manifest danger upon many accounts: their feuds ran high, the irregularities among them were very great, there were deceivers got among them, who endeavoured to corrupt their faith in the most important articles, those without which the practice of virtue and piety could never subsist. And surely in such dangerous circumstances it was their concern to watch. Note, If a Christian would be secure, he must be on his guard; and the more his danger the greater vigilance is needful for his security.
2.He advises them to stand fast in the faith, to keep their ground, adhere to the revelation of God, and not give it up for the wisdom of the world, nor suffer it to be corrupted by it - stand for the faith of the gospel, and maintain it even to death; and stand in it, so as to abide in the profession of it, and feel and yield to its influence. Note, A Christian should be fixed in the faith of the gospel, and never desert nor renounce it. It is by this faith alone that he will be able to keep his ground in an hour of temptation; it is by faith that we stand (Co2 1:24); it is by this that we must overcome the world (Jo1 5:4), both when it fawns and when it frowns, when it tempts and when it terrifies. We must stand therefore in the faith of the gospel, if we would maintain our integrity.
3.He advises them to act like men, and be strong: "Act the manly, firm, and resolved part: behave strenuously, in opposition to the bad men who would divide and corrupt you, those who would split you into factions or seduce you from the faith: be not terrified nor inveigled by them; but show yourselves men in Christ, by your steadiness, by your sound judgment and firm resolution." Note, Christians should be manly and firm in all their contests with their enemies, in defending their faith, and maintaining their integrity. They should, in an especial manner, be so in those points of faith that lie at the foundation of sound and practical religion, such as were attacked among the Corinthians: these must be maintained with solid judgment and strong resolution.
4.He advises them to do every thing in charity, Co1 16:14. Our zeal and constancy must be consistent with charity. When the apostle would have us play the man for our faith or religion, he puts in a caution against playing the devil for it. We may defend our faith, but we must, at the same time, maintain our innocence, and not devour and destroy, and think with ourselves that the wrath of man will work the righteousness of God, Jam 1:24. Note, Christians should be careful that charity not only reign in their hearts, but shine out in their lives, nay, in their most manly defences of the faith of the gospel. There is a great difference between constancy and cruelty, between Christian firmness and feverish wrath and transport. Christianity never appears to so much advantage as when the charity of Christians is most conspicuous when they can bear with their mistaken brethren, and oppose the open enemies of their holy faith in love, when every thing is done in charity, when they behave towards one another, and towards all men, with a spirit of meekness and good will.
II.Some particular directions how they should behave towards some that had been eminently serviceable to the cause of Christ among them.
1.He gives us their character (1.) The household of Stephanas is mentioned by him, and their character is, that they were the first-fruits of Achaia, the first converts to Christianity in that region of Greece in which Corinth was. Note, It is an honourable character to any man to be early a Christian, betimes in Christ. But they had moreover addicted themselves to the ministry of the saints, to serve the saints. They have disposed and devoted themselves - etaxan heautous, to serve the saints, to do service to the saints. It is not meant of the ministry of the word properly, but of serving them in other respects, supplying their wants, helping and assisting them upon all occasions, both in their temporal and spiritual concerns. The family of Stephanas seems to have been a family of rank and importance in those parts, and yet they willingly offered themselves to this service. Note, It is an honour to persons of the highest rank to devote themselves to the service of the saints. I do not mean to change ranks, and become proper servants to the inferiors, but freely and voluntarily to help them, and do good to them in all their concerns. (2.) He mentions Stephanas, and Fortunatus, and Achaicus, as coming to him from the church of Corinth. The account he gives of them is that they supplied the deficiencies of the church towards him, and by so doing refreshed his spirit and theirs, Co1 16:17, Co1 16:18. They gave him a more perfect account of the state of the church by word of mouth than he could acquire by their letter, and by that means much quieted his mind, and upon their return from him would quiet the minds of the Corinthians. Report had made their cause much worse than it was in fact, and their letters had not explained it sufficiently to give the apostle satisfaction; but he had been made more easy by converse with them. It was a very good office they did, by truly stating facts, and removing the ill opinion Paul had received by common fame. They came to him with a truly Christian intention, to set the apostle right, and give him as favourable sentiments of the church as they could, as peace-makers. Note, It is a great refreshment to the spirit of a faithful minister to hear better of a people by wise and good men of their own body than by common report, to find himself misinformed concerning them, that matters are not so bad as they had been represented. It is a grief to him to hear ill of those he loves; it gladdens his heart to hear the report thereof is false. And the greater value he has for those who give him this information, and the more he can depend upon their veracity, the greater is his joy.
2.Upon this account of the men, he directs how they should behave towards them; and,
(1.)He would have them acknowledged (Co1 16:11), that is, owned and respected. They deserve it for their good offices. Those who serve the saints, those who consult the honour and good esteem of the churches, and are concerned to wipe off reproaches from them, and take off from the ill opinion fame had propagated, are to be valued, and esteemed, and loved. Those who discover so good a spirit cannot easily be over-valued.
(2.)He advises that they should submit themselves to such, and to all who helped with the apostles, and laboured, Co1 16:16. This is not to be understood of subjection to proper superiors, but of a voluntary acknowledgment of their worth. They were persons to whom they owed peculiar respect, and whom they should have in veneration. Note, It is a venerable character which those bear who serve the saints and labour hard to help the success of the gospel, who countenance and encourage the faithful ministers of Christ, and endeavour to promote their usefulness. Such should be had in honourable esteem.
Historical interpretation
Three Centuries of Reception
3 surviving comments on this verse. Each one is dated, so this reads as a timeline rather than a list.
Select a marker to jump to its quote. Markers stagger vertically where authors wrote within a few decades of each other.
As to our fellow-servant Burrhus, your deacon in regard to God and blessed in all things, I pray that he may continue blameless for the honour of the Church, and of your most blessed bishop. Crocus also, worthy both of God and you, whom we have received as the manifestation of your love to us, hath in all things refreshed me, and "hath not been ashamed of my chain," as the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ will also refresh him; together with Onesimus, and Burrhus, and Euplus, and Fronto, by means of whom I have, as to love, beheld all of you.
The spirit of a holy person is refreshed by thinking and doing things which are pious, for the spirit strives after what is good.
Thus, since it was natural for them to be greatly irritated against these persons, for it was they who had come and showed him all about the division, inasmuch as by them also they had written the questions about the virgins, and about the married persons:-mark how he softened them down; both in the beginning of his Epistle by saying, "For it hath been signified unto me by them which are of the house of Chloe;" thus at once concealing these and bringing forward the others: (for it should seem that the latter had given their information by means of the former:) and in this place again, "They have supplied your lack, and refreshed my spirit and yours:" signifying that they had come instead of all, and had chosen to undertake so great a journey on their behalf. How then may this, their peculiar praise, become common? "If you will solace me for what was wanting on your part by your kindness towards them; if you will honor, if you will receive, them, if you will communicate with them in doing good." Wherefore he saith, "Acknowledge ye then them that are such." And while praising those that came, he embraces also the others in his praise, the senders together with the sent: where he saith, "'They refreshed my spirit and yours, therefore acknowledge such as these,' because for your sakes they left country and home." Dost thou perceive his consideration? He implies that they had obliged not Paul only, but the Corinthians likewise, in that they bore about in themselves the whole city. A thing which both added credit to them, and did not allow the others to sever themselves from them, inasmuch as in their persons they had presented themselves to Paul.
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Summary
In 1 Corinthians 16:18, the Apostle Paul issues a heartfelt commendation for Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus, who had recently visited him. He declares that their presence and ministry profoundly refreshed his spirit and, by extension, the spirit of the Corinthian believers. Consequently, Paul instructs the church in Corinth to recognize and honor these individuals, acknowledging their invaluable contribution to the well-being and encouragement of the Christian community.
Context
Literary Context
This verse appears in the concluding section of Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians, specifically within his final instructions, personal greetings, and travel plans. Chapters 15 and 16 shift from theological exposition (the resurrection) and practical matters (the collection for Jerusalem) to more personal notes. Immediately preceding this verse, in 1 Corinthians 16:17, Paul explicitly names Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus, explaining their arrival and expressing joy over their presence. Verse 18 then serves as a direct commendation for these individuals, explaining the positive impact they had and urging the Corinthian church to reciprocate with honor and respect. It highlights Paul's pastoral heart and his emphasis on valuing those who serve faithfully within the body of Christ.
Historical & Cultural Context
In the ancient world, communication between distant communities was challenging and often relied on trusted messengers or delegates. Paul, as an itinerant apostle, depended heavily on such individuals to carry letters, bring news, and provide personal updates from the churches he founded. Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus likely traveled from Corinth to Ephesus (where Paul was writing from), bringing news about the Corinthian church and perhaps offering practical assistance or comfort to Paul. Their visit was a significant event, bridging the geographical distance and reinforcing the vital connection between Paul and the Corinthian congregation. The cultural expectation would have been to honor those who served as faithful representatives and brought good news or relief, making Paul's instruction to "acknowledge" them a natural and appropriate directive within the social fabric of the time.
Key Themes
This verse powerfully contributes to several overarching themes within 1 Corinthians and Pauline theology. First, it underscores the theme of mutual encouragement and spiritual refreshment within the Christian community. Even an apostle like Paul, who faced immense burdens and opposition, needed and benefited from the spiritual uplift provided by fellow believers. Their presence brought a sense of rest and restoration, highlighting the importance of believers supporting one another, as seen in passages like Romans 15:2. Second, it emphasizes the theme of recognition and acknowledgment of service. Paul explicitly calls the church to honor those who serve faithfully, demonstrating that Christian ministry is not to be taken for granted but is to be valued and affirmed. This aligns with broader biblical principles of honoring those who labor among us, as taught in 1 Thessalonians 5:12-13. Finally, the verse implicitly speaks to the theme of gratitude in ministry, as Paul models expressing genuine thanks for the blessing these men were to him and the church.
Exposition and Analysis
Key Word Analysis
From ἀνά and παύω; (reflexively) to repose (literally or figuratively (be exempt), remain); by implication, to refresh:--take ease, refresh, (give, take) rest. This word signifies a deep sense of rest, relief, and restoration, not merely physical but also emotional and spiritual. It implies a cessation of weariness or anxiety, bringing peace and renewed vigor to the recipient. For Paul, this meant a profound spiritual and emotional revitalization.
From πνέω; a current of air, i.e. breath (blast) or a breeze; by analogy or figuratively, a spirit, i.e. (human) the rational soul, (by implication) vital principle, mental disposition, etc., or (superhuman) an angel, demon, or (divine) God, Christ's spirit, the Holy Spirit:--ghost, life, spirit(-ual, -ually), mind. In this context, "spirit" refers to Paul's inner being—his mind, emotions, and spiritual state. It indicates that the refreshment provided by Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus went beyond superficial comfort, impacting the core of his person and alleviating deep-seated burdens.
From ἐπί and γινώσκω; to know upon some mark, i.e. recognize; by implication, to become fully acquainted with, to acknowledge:--(ac-, have, take)know(-ledge, well), perceive. This term implies more than a superficial awareness or mere recognition of someone's identity. It denotes a full, appreciative understanding and public affirmation of their character, their service, and the value they bring. Paul is urging the Corinthians to give these men the respect, honor, and appreciation they deserve for their beneficial ministry.
Verse Breakdown
"For they have refreshed my spirit and yours"
This initial clause provides the compelling reason for Paul's subsequent instruction. The presence and faithful service of Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus brought profound spiritual and emotional relief to Paul, alleviating the burdens, anxieties, and weariness that often accompanied his apostolic ministry. The significant addition of "and yours" indicates that their visit also brought comfort, encouragement, or benefit to the Corinthian church itself, perhaps by relaying Paul's greetings, providing news from him, or simply through their own exemplary conduct and spiritual maturity. This highlights a mutual benefit derived from their dedicated service.
"therefore acknowledge ye them that are such"
Building directly on the positive impact described in the first clause, Paul issues a clear and direct exhortation to the Corinthian believers. The word "therefore" establishes a logical consequence: because these men have been such a blessing, the church is obligated to respond appropriately. To "acknowledge" them means to fully recognize, appreciate, and honor them for their character and the refreshing service they provided. This is a call for the Corinthian church to publicly affirm and show due respect to those who selflessly serve the body of Christ and bring spiritual encouragement and relief to others. It is a directive to value and esteem those who contribute significantly to the spiritual health of the community.
Literary Devices
Paul employs several literary devices in this concise verse. Primarily, there is a clear Commendation, where Paul praises Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus for their positive impact, setting them forth as examples worthy of honor. This is followed by a direct Exhortation or imperative, "acknowledge ye them," which functions as a command to the Corinthian church, urging them to respond appropriately to the commendable service of these individuals. The phrase "my spirit and yours" also subtly uses Synecdoche, where "spirit" represents the entire inner person, encompassing their emotional, mental, and spiritual well-being. Furthermore, the verse demonstrates Reciprocity, as Paul highlights the refreshment he received, which then becomes the basis for the Corinthians' reciprocal action of acknowledgment, illustrating the give-and-take dynamic within the Christian community.
Theological and Thematic Connections
This verse beautifully illustrates the profound theological truth of the interconnectedness and mutual dependence within the body of Christ. No believer, not even an apostle of Paul's stature, is an island unto themselves; all are designed to give and receive spiritual refreshment. The act of "refreshing" points to the Spirit's work in bringing peace, comfort, and renewed strength through the ministry of fellow believers, demonstrating that God often uses human instruments to minister to the spiritual needs of others. The call to "acknowledge" underscores the divine principle of honoring those who faithfully serve and contribute to the spiritual health of the community, recognizing that such service is a gift from God through His people. It teaches that valuing and affirming those who labor in love not only encourages the servants but also strengthens the entire church.
Reflection and Application
1 Corinthians 16:18 offers timeless principles for fostering a healthy and vibrant Christian community. It reminds us that spiritual refreshment is a vital component of Christian living, and it often comes through the selfless service and encouraging presence of fellow believers. We are called not only to be recipients of such blessing but also to be active agents of refreshment for others, extending comfort, support, and encouragement to those who are weary or burdened. Furthermore, Paul's directive to "acknowledge" serves as a powerful reminder for us to intentionally recognize, appreciate, and honor those who faithfully serve in our churches and communities. This isn't merely about saying "thank you," but about genuinely valuing their character, their sacrifices, and the spiritual benefit they bring. Such acknowledgment strengthens bonds, encourages continued service, and builds up the entire body of Christ.
Questions for Reflection
FAQ
Who were Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus, and why were they significant?
Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus were three men from the Corinthian church who had traveled to visit Paul, likely in Ephesus where he was writing this letter. They were significant because their presence and interaction with Paul brought him great spiritual comfort and relief, as indicated by Paul's statement that they "refreshed my spirit." Stephanas is particularly noted as being among the first converts in Achaia and his household was devoted to serving the saints (1 Corinthians 16:15). Their visit was crucial for Paul to receive updates from Corinth and for the Corinthians to receive direct communication from Paul, bridging the distance and strengthening their relationship.
What does it mean to "refresh" someone's spirit in a biblical sense?
To "refresh" someone's spirit (Greek: anapaúō) means to provide deep comfort, rest, and revitalization to their inner being. It goes beyond mere physical rest, encompassing emotional and spiritual restoration. In the biblical context, it implies alleviating burdens, anxieties, and weariness, bringing a sense of peace and renewed strength. Just as water refreshes a thirsty soul, the presence, words, or actions of certain individuals can bring profound spiritual and emotional relief, invigorating one's faith and outlook. This concept is beautifully echoed in passages like Matthew 11:28, where Jesus invites the weary to find rest in Him.
Christ-Centered Fulfillment
While 1 Corinthians 16:18 speaks of human agents bringing refreshment, its ultimate fulfillment and paradigm are found in Christ. Jesus Christ is the supreme source of spiritual refreshment, inviting all who are weary and burdened to come to Him for rest for their souls (Matthew 11:28-30). His self-sacrificial life, death, and resurrection are the ultimate acts of service that bring profound and eternal refreshment to humanity, taking away the burden of sin and offering new life in the Spirit (John 4:14). Furthermore, Christ Himself consistently acknowledged and honored those who served Him and His Father, whether it was the woman who anointed Him (Mark 14:3-9) or His disciples who faithfully followed Him (John 15:15). The church, as the body of Christ, is called to embody this Christ-like pattern: to be channels of His refreshment to a weary world and to honor those within its ranks who, by the power of the Holy Spirit, emulate Christ's servant heart, bringing life and encouragement to others, just as Stephanas, Fortunatus, and Achaicus did for Paul.