1 Chronicles 4:13

KJV

And the sons of Kenaz; Othniel, and Seraiah: and the sons of Othniel; Hathath.

KJV (with Strong's)

And the sons {H1121} of Kenaz {H7073}; Othniel {H6274}, and Seraiah {H8304}: and the sons {H1121} of Othniel {H6274}; Hathath {H2867}.

Complete Jewish Bible

The sons of K'naz: 'Otni'el and S'rayah. The son of 'Otni'el: Hatat.

Berean Standard Bible

The sons of Kenaz: Othniel and Seraiah. The sons of Othniel: Hathath and Meonothai.

American Standard Version

And the sons of Kenaz: Othniel, and Seraiah. And the sons of Othniel: Hathath.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 4:13 is a concise but significant entry within the extensive genealogies of the tribe of Judah, specifically detailing the lineage of Kenaz. It notably records Othniel, Israel's first judge and deliverer, along with his brother Seraiah, and Othniel's son Hathath. This verse underscores the meticulous preservation of Israel's tribal identities and the divine faithfulness in raising up key figures for the nation's history and future, particularly within the foundational tribe from which the Messiah would ultimately descend.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** The book of 1 Chronicles opens with nine chapters dedicated almost entirely to genealogies, a unique and foundational aspect of its literary structure. These meticulous records served a crucial purpose for the post-exilic community, providing a comprehensive historical and spiritual anchor, re-establishing tribal identities, land claims, and confirming the lines of priesthood and the Davidic monarchy. [1 Chronicles 4](/1-chronicles/4 "1 Chronicles 4 - The Genealogy of Judah") specifically delves into the extensive and highly significant genealogy of Judah, the tribe from which both the Davidic kingship and the Messiah would emerge. Within this chapter, verse 13 is a concise but vital entry, tracing a specific branch of Kenaz's descendants, particularly highlighting the lineage of Othniel, a figure whose historical importance is well-documented elsewhere in Israel's narrative. Its placement here underscores the Chronicler's intent to connect the foundational tribal records with key historical deliverers.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** Composed likely during the post-exilic period (5th-4th centuries BCE), 1 Chronicles addressed a community grappling with questions of identity, continuity, and restoration after the Babylonian exile. For the returning exiles, genealogies were far more than mere lists of names; they were vital legal, social, and spiritual documents. They confirmed tribal affiliations, validated claims to ancestral lands, established eligibility for priestly service, and reinforced the continuity of God's covenant promises despite national upheaval. The mention of Othniel in [1 Chronicles 4:13](/1-chronicles/4-13 "1 Chronicles 4:13 - Othniel's Lineage") grounds this record in a significant earlier historical period—the tumultuous era of the Judges. This period, following Joshua's leadership, was characterized by Israel's cycles of apostasy, oppression, and divine deliverance through divinely appointed leaders, of whom Othniel was the first. His inclusion here connects the post-exilic community to a foundational time when God actively raised up saviors for His people.

* **Key Themes:** Several key themes resonate throughout [1 Chronicles 4](/1-chronicles/4 "1 Chronicles 4 - The Genealogy of Judah") and are subtly reinforced by [1 Chronicles 4:13](/1-chronicles/4-13 "1 Chronicles 4:13 - Othniel's Lineage"). First, the meticulous preservation of these genealogies powerfully testifies to **Divine Faithfulness**. Despite Israel's unfaithfulness and the trauma of exile, God remained steadfast to His covenant promises, particularly concerning the lineage of Judah, from which the Davidic monarchy and ultimately the Messiah would descend (cf. [Genesis 49:10](/genesis/49-10 "Genesis 49:10 - Scepter from Judah")). Second, the emphasis on **Heritage and Identity** was paramount for the returning exiles, helping them re-establish their place within the covenant community and understand their inheritance. Finally, the inclusion of Othniel, Israel's first judge, highlights the theme that **God Raises Up Leaders and Deliverers**. This serves as a reminder that God actively intervenes in history, empowering individuals within specific lineages to accomplish His redemptive purposes for His people, as seen throughout the book of Judges (cf. [Judges 2:16](/judges/2-16 "Judges 2:16 - God Raises Up Judges")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Kenaz (Hebrew, _Qenaz'_):** The name Kenaz signifies "hunter" or "hunting." In the biblical narrative, Kenaz is a prominent figure within the tribe of Judah, specifically identified as the younger brother of Caleb (cf. [Joshua 15:17](/joshua/15-17 "Joshua 15:17 - Othniel's Family")). His lineage is significant because it is through this branch that Othniel, the first judge of Israel, emerges. The mention of Kenaz here establishes the ancestral root for the notable figures that follow, anchoring them firmly within the esteemed family lines of Judah.
* **Othniel (Hebrew, _‘Othnî’êl'_):** Meaning "God is my strength" or "Lion of God," Othniel is the most significant figure in this verse. He is celebrated in the book of Judges as the first deliverer raised up by God after the death of Joshua (cf. [Judges 3:9](/judges/3-9 "Judges 3:9 - Othniel, the First Judge")). Empowered by the Spirit of the Lord, Othniel liberated Israel from the oppression of Cushan-rishathaim, bringing forty years of peace to the land (cf. [Judges 3:11](/judges/3-11 "Judges 3:11 - Othniel's Deliverance")). His inclusion in this genealogy is not merely for tribal identification but to highlight a lineage that produced a divinely appointed leader who brought salvation to Israel.
* **Hathath (Hebrew, _Ḥathath'_):** The name Hathath means "terror" or "trembling." While Hathath himself is not recorded as a figure of historical prominence beyond this genealogical mention, his inclusion is crucial for the meticulous completeness of the Chronicler's record. As the son of Othniel, his presence ensures the continuity of the lineage, demonstrating the careful preservation of family lines for future generations and emphasizing the unbroken chain of descent within the tribe of Judah.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the sons of Kenaz":** This opening phrase immediately establishes the focus on the descendants of Kenaz, a significant figure in the tribe of Judah, often associated with the prominent family of Caleb. The Chronicler's meticulous tracing of lineages emphasizes the importance of family identity and continuity within the covenant community.
* **"Othniel, and Seraiah":** Here, two direct sons of Kenaz are named. Othniel is the preeminent figure, renowned as Israel's first judge and deliverer (Judges 3). His inclusion elevates this genealogical entry beyond a mere list of names, connecting it to a pivotal moment in Israel's history of divine intervention. Seraiah, while not as historically prominent, is listed to complete the record of Kenaz's immediate offspring, ensuring the comprehensive nature of the genealogical account.
* **"and the sons of Othniel":** This phrase signals a further branching of the lineage, moving from Kenaz's direct sons to the next generation through Othniel. It demonstrates the depth and detail of the genealogical record, tracing the family line through multiple generations.
* **"Hathath.":** Hathath is identified as the son of Othniel. Although no specific deeds or historical significance are attributed to Hathath in other biblical texts, his inclusion is vital for the genealogical chain. It ensures the unbroken continuity of this particular branch of Judah's lineage, reinforcing the Chronicler's purpose of preserving a complete and accurate record for the post-exilic community.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in [1 Chronicles 4:13](/1-chronicles/4-13 "1 Chronicles 4:13 - Othniel's Lineage") and its surrounding context is **Genealogy**. This meticulous listing of names and family lines serves multiple purposes: it establishes historical continuity, affirms tribal identity, validates land claims, and underscores the faithfulness of God in preserving His people through generations. Within this genealogical framework, there is a subtle use of **Emphasis** through the deliberate inclusion of Othniel. While many names in the Chronicler's lists are mere entries, Othniel's well-known status as the first judge of Israel elevates this particular line, drawing the reader's attention to a lineage that produced a divinely appointed deliverer. The **Repetition** of the phrase "the sons of" (or similar constructions) is characteristic of genealogical lists, providing a clear and systematic progression through family branches, ensuring clarity and precision in tracing the intricate web of Israelite heritage.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
The seemingly dry recitation of names in [1 Chronicles 4:13](/1-chronicles/4-13 "1 Chronicles 4:13 - Othniel's Lineage") carries profound theological weight, underscoring God's meticulous care for His covenant people and His unwavering commitment to His promises. The preservation of these lineages, especially within the tribe of Judah, highlights the divine faithfulness that undergirds all of Israel's history. It demonstrates that even in periods of national decline or exile, God maintains a remnant and works through specific families to fulfill His overarching redemptive plan. The inclusion of Othniel, a divinely empowered deliverer, serves as a powerful reminder that God raises up leaders from within His people to accomplish His purposes, providing salvation and peace in times of need. This theological truth assures the post-exilic community, and indeed believers today, that God is sovereign over history and actively involved in the lives of His chosen ones, orchestrating events and raising up individuals for His glory and their good.

* [Judges 3:9](/judges/3-9 "Judges 3:9 - Othniel, the First Judge")
* [Genesis 49:10](/genesis/49-10 "Genesis 49:10 - The Scepter from Judah")
* [Romans 11:36](/romans/11-36 "Romans 11:36 - All from God")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
While a genealogical list might initially appear distant from contemporary life, [1 Chronicles 4:13](/1-chronicles/4-13 "1 Chronicles 4:13 - Othniel's Lineage") offers rich ground for spiritual reflection and practical application. It invites us to consider the profound significance of our own heritage, both familial and spiritual. Just as the Chronicler meticulously preserved the lines of Israel, we are called to appreciate the legacy of faith passed down through generations, recognizing that we are part of a larger, ongoing narrative of God's work in the world. This verse also subtly reminds us that every individual, even those seemingly minor figures in a long list like Hathath, has a place and purpose within God's grand design. It challenges us to consider how God might use our unique gifts and positions, however humble, to contribute to His kingdom, just as He raised up Othniel for a specific time and purpose. Ultimately, it encourages a posture of trust in God's sovereign plan, knowing that He is faithfully working through individuals and generations to bring about His redemptive purposes.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does understanding our spiritual heritage (the lineage of faith) impact our sense of identity and purpose today?**
* **In what ways do you see God raising up leaders and deliverers in the church or world today, and how might you be called to support or embody such leadership?**
* **What seemingly "minor" aspects of your life or background might God be using as part of His larger, ongoing story?**

### FAQ
**Why are genealogies so prominent in 1 Chronicles?**

Answer: Genealogies are prominent in 1 Chronicles because they served as vital documents for the post-exilic community returning to Judah. They were essential for re-establishing tribal identities, confirming land ownership, validating claims to priestly and Levitical roles, and, crucially, tracing the Davidic line from which the Messiah was prophesied to come. The Chronicler used these lists to demonstrate God's faithfulness in preserving His covenant people and promises, providing continuity and hope for a community seeking to rebuild its national and spiritual life. For example, the detailed lineage of Judah, including [1 Chronicles 4:13](/1-chronicles/4-13 "1 Chronicles 4:13 - Othniel's Lineage"), underscores the importance of this tribe in God's redemptive plan.

**Who was Othniel, and why is his inclusion significant in this genealogy?**

Answer: Othniel, mentioned in [1 Chronicles 4:13](/1-chronicles/4-13 "1 Chronicles 4:13 - Othniel's Lineage"), was the son of Kenaz and is most famously known as the first judge of Israel after the death of Joshua. As recorded in [Judges 3:7-11](/judges/3-7 "Judges 3:7-11 - Othniel's Deliverance"), he was empowered by the Spirit of the Lord to deliver Israel from the oppression of Cushan-rishathaim, king of Mesopotamia, bringing forty years of peace. His inclusion in this genealogy is highly significant because it connects a specific lineage within Judah not just to tribal identity, but to a divinely appointed deliverer who brought salvation to the nation. It highlights that this family line was instrumental in God's historical interventions for His people.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
While [1 Chronicles 4:13](/1-chronicles/4-13 "1 Chronicles 4:13 - Othniel's Lineage") appears as a simple genealogical entry, it finds profound Christ-centered fulfillment in the broader narrative of God's redemptive plan. The meticulous preservation of the lineage of Judah, from which Kenaz and Othniel descended, ultimately points to the faithfulness of God in bringing forth the Messiah. It is through this very tribe of Judah that Jesus Christ, the ultimate [Lion of the Tribe of Judah](/revelation/5-5 "Revelation 5:5 - The Lion of the Tribe of Judah"), was born, fulfilling ancient prophecies like that found in [Genesis 49:10](/genesis/49-10 "Genesis 49:10 - The Scepter from Judah"). Othniel, as the first judge and deliverer who brought peace to Israel, serves as a powerful type of Christ. Just as Othniel was empowered by the Spirit of the Lord to save His people from oppression ([Judges 3:9-10](/judges/3-9 "Judges 3:9-10 - Othniel Empowered")), so too does Jesus, the greater Deliverer, bring ultimate and eternal salvation from the bondage of sin and death ([Colossians 1:13-14](/colossians/1-13 "Colossians 1:13-14 - Delivered from Darkness")). He is the true and lasting peace for His people ([Ephesians 2:14](/ephesians/2-14 "Ephesians 2:14 - Christ Our Peace")), the one who establishes a kingdom that will never end ([Luke 1:33](/luke/1-33 "Luke 1:33 - His Kingdom Will Never End")). Thus, this seemingly minor genealogical detail ultimately contributes to the grand narrative of God's sovereign plan to bring forth His Son as the world's Redeemer.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Joshua 15:17

And Othniel the son of Kenaz, the brother of Caleb, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

Judges 1:13

And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, took it: and he gave him Achsah his daughter to wife.

Judges 3:9

And when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer to the children of Israel, who delivered them, [even] Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother.

Judges 3:11

And the land had rest forty years. And Othniel the son of Kenaz died.