1 Chronicles 23:10

KJV

And the sons of Shimei [were], Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah. These four [were] the sons of Shimei.

KJV (with Strong's)

And the sons {H1121} of Shimei {H8096} were, Jahath {H3189}, Zina {H2126}, and Jeush {H3266}, and Beriah {H1283}. These four {H702} were the sons {H1121} of Shimei {H8096}.

Complete Jewish Bible

The sons of Shim'i: Yachat, Zina Ye'ush and B'ri'ah. These four were the sons of Shim'i.

Berean Standard Bible

And the sons of Shimei: Jahath, Zina, Jeush, and Beriah. These were the sons of Shimei—four in all.

American Standard Version

And the sons of Shimei: Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah. These four were the sons of Shimei.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
1 Chronicles 23:10 is a precise genealogical entry detailing four of the sons of Shimei—Jahath, Zina, Jeush, and Beriah—within the broader context of King David's meticulous organization of the Levitical clans for service in the future Temple. This seemingly simple record underscores the profound importance of order, lineage, and divinely appointed roles in the worship life of ancient Israel, reflecting a foundational principle of God's desire for structured and faithful service.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** This verse is situated within 1 Chronicles 23, a chapter dedicated to King David's comprehensive arrangements for the Levites. Having grown old and recognizing that he would not build the Temple, David meticulously prepared for its future operation by organizing the Levites by age and family, assigning them various duties. The chapter begins with David numbering the Levites from thirty years old and upward, then dividing them into courses for Temple service. Verses 6-23 specifically detail the families of Levi's three sons—Gershon, Kohath, and Merari—and their respective descendants, outlining their roles. 1 Chronicles 23:10 falls within the listing of the Gershonite descendants, specifically those of Shimei, a grandson of Gershon. The inclusion of such detailed genealogies highlights the Chronicler's emphasis on the legitimate and orderly succession of priestly and Levitical functions, ensuring that the future Temple worship would be conducted according to divine instruction and established lineage.

* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The period of David's reign (c. 1010-970 BC) marked a significant transition for Israel, from a loose tribal confederacy to a unified monarchy with Jerusalem as its religious and political center. The Temple, though not yet built, was central to David's vision for Israel's worship. In ancient Israel, lineage and tribal identity were paramount, especially for the Levites, who were set apart for sacred service. Their roles, as outlined in the Pentateuch, included assisting the priests, maintaining the Tabernacle (and later the Temple), transporting sacred objects, and performing musical duties. The meticulous genealogical records, like the one in 1 Chronicles 23:10, were not merely historical curiosities but vital documents that established legitimacy, defined responsibilities, and ensured the purity of the cultic service. The organization of the Levites into divisions and courses, as David undertook, was a practical necessity for managing the large number of individuals required for Temple operations and reflected a cultural emphasis on hierarchical order and communal responsibility.

* **Key Themes:** 1 Chronicles 23:10 contributes to several overarching themes in the book of Chronicles. Firstly, it exemplifies **Divine Order and Organization**, showcasing God's preference for structured worship and service. David, inspired by divine wisdom, meticulously arranged the Levitical duties, ensuring that every role, from the most prominent to the seemingly minor, was accounted for and properly filled. This echoes the divine blueprint given for the Tabernacle and its services (e.g., [Exodus 25-31](/exodus/25 "Exodus 25-31 - Instructions for the Tabernacle")). Secondly, the verse highlights the **Importance of Lineage and Faithfulness in Succession**. While the names Jahath, Zina, Jeush, and Beriah might not be widely known, their inclusion signifies that every family and individual within God's chosen people had a place and a purpose. This emphasis on genealogical precision was crucial for maintaining the covenant community and its functions, ensuring that only those divinely appointed could serve in sacred roles, as seen in the detailed census records in [Numbers 1](/numbers/1 "Numbers 1 - The Census of Israel")). Finally, this verse is part of the broader theme of **Preparation for Worship and the Temple**. David's extensive foresight and dedication in organizing the Levites underscore the deep reverence and intentionality involved in preparing for the future Temple worship. His efforts ensured that the house of God would be served with reverence and according to divine instruction, even before its construction, setting a precedent for future generations to approach God's presence with due honor and order, as also reflected in his preparations for the ark's return to Jerusalem in [1 Chronicles 15](/1_chronicles/15 "1 Chronicles 15 - David Brings the Ark to Jerusalem")).

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
#### Key Word Analysis
* **Shimei (Hebrew, _shim'i_):** This name, meaning "my fame" or "renowned," was common in ancient Israel. In this context, Shimei is identified as a grandson of Gershon, one of Levi's three sons (1 Chronicles 23:6-7, 9). It is crucial to distinguish this Shimei, a Gershonite Levite whose descendants were organized for Temple service, from other notable figures bearing the same name, such as Shimei the Benjamite who cursed King David (2 Samuel 16:5-13). The specific identification through his lineage ensures clarity in the genealogical record and confirms the rightful place of his sons within the Levitical structure.
* **Sons (Hebrew, _b'nei_):** The Hebrew term for "sons" (בְּנֵי, _b'nei_) is fundamental to this verse and the entire chapter. It emphasizes the patrilineal nature of Israelite society and, more specifically, the hereditary nature of the Levitical priesthood and service. The inclusion of "sons" underscores the continuity of service through generations, ensuring that the sacred duties would be passed down and maintained within established family lines. This genealogical precision was vital for the integrity and legitimacy of Temple operations, as only those of the correct lineage were permitted to perform specific functions.

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"And the sons of Shimei [were], Jahath, Zina, and Jeush, and Beriah."**: This clause directly lists the four individuals identified as the sons of Shimei. The names themselves are Hebrew and, while carrying potential meanings (e.g., Jahath meaning "he will snatch away" or "he will be bold"), their primary significance in this context is their identity within the specific lineage of the Gershonite Levites. The mention of "Zina" is notable as some ancient manuscripts and versions (e.g., the Septuagint, some Masoretic Text variants) read "Zizah" (זִיזָה), suggesting a slight textual variation, though the overall meaning of a listed son remains consistent. This enumeration is part of the Chronicler's meticulous record-keeping, establishing the specific individuals who would be part of the organized Levitical service.
* **"These four [were] the sons of Shimei."**: This concluding clause serves as a clear and emphatic summary, reiterating the number and identity of Shimei's sons. The repetition provides clarity and precision, ensuring there is no ambiguity regarding the number of direct descendants listed for Shimei in this particular genealogical record. It acts as a definitive statement, sealing the information provided in the first part of the verse and reinforcing the meticulous nature of David's organizational efforts and the Chronicler's historical account.

#### Literary Devices
1 Chronicles 23:10 primarily employs **Enumeration** and **Repetition**. The verse is a straightforward example of **Enumeration**, as it explicitly lists the four sons of Shimei: Jahath, Zina, Jeush, and Beriah. This direct listing is characteristic of biblical genealogies and administrative records, serving to provide precise and verifiable information. The use of **Repetition** is evident in the phrase "the sons of Shimei," which appears at the beginning and the end of the verse. This stylistic choice emphasizes the identity and number of the individuals being listed, reinforcing the clarity and accuracy of the genealogical record. It also serves to bracket the list of names, making the information easily digestible and memorable within the larger context of Levitical organization. These devices highlight the Chronicler's concern for meticulous detail and the importance of establishing legitimate lineage for sacred service.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
1 Chronicles 23:10, though a simple genealogical entry, powerfully illustrates God's value for order, precision, and the faithful stewardship of roles within His covenant community. It reminds us that even seemingly minor details and individuals are significant in God's grand design. The meticulous organization of the Levites for Temple service reflects a divine principle that worship and service should be conducted with intentionality and structure, not haphazardly. This verse implicitly teaches that every member, regardless of their perceived prominence, contributes to the overall functioning of God's work, much like the various parts of a body working in harmony. It underscores the importance of preparation and dedication in serving God, ensuring that His purposes are fulfilled through an ordered and committed people.

* [Numbers 3:15-39](/numbers/3-15 "Numbers 3:15-39 - Duties of the Levitical Clans")
* [1 Corinthians 12:12-27](/1_corinthians/12-12 "1 Corinthians 12:12-27 - The Body of Christ")
* [1 Corinthians 14:33, 40](/1_corinthians/14-33 "1 Corinthians 14:33, 40 - God is a God of Order")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
1 Chronicles 23:10, a seemingly dry list of names, offers profound insights for contemporary believers. It reminds us that God is a God of order and that He values careful preparation and faithful execution in His service. Just as David meticulously organized the Levites for the Temple, we are called to bring intentionality and diligence to our spiritual lives and ministries. This verse challenges us to appreciate and honor every role within the body of Christ, recognizing that even those who serve "behind the scenes" or in seemingly humble capacities are vital to the overall health and effectiveness of the church. It encourages us to find our place within God's divine order, faithfully stewarding the gifts and responsibilities He has given us, knowing that He sees and values every act of obedience, no matter how small it may seem to human eyes. Our faithfulness in the "small things" contributes to the greater purposes of God's kingdom.

#### Questions for Reflection
* **How does the meticulous organization of the Levites by David challenge my own approach to order and preparation in my spiritual life or service?**
* **In what ways might I be overlooking or devaluing the contributions of those who serve in less visible roles within my church or community?**
* **What does it mean for me to faithfully steward my unique gifts and responsibilities within the "body of Christ," knowing that God values every part?**
* **How can I cultivate a greater appreciation for the historical and genealogical records in Scripture, understanding their theological significance beyond mere lists?**

### FAQ
**Why are these genealogies and detailed lists so important in the Bible, especially in Chronicles?**

Answer: These genealogies and detailed lists, like the one in 1 Chronicles 23:10, are crucial for several reasons. Firstly, they establish legitimacy and continuity, particularly for the priestly and Levitical lines, ensuring that only those of the correct lineage performed sacred duties. This was vital for maintaining the purity and integrity of Israel's worship system, as prescribed by God's law (e.g., [Numbers 3:10](/numbers/3-10 "Numbers 3:10 - Aaron and his sons to minister")). Secondly, they underscore God's meticulous attention to detail and His divine order, demonstrating that He cares about every individual and every role within His covenant people. Thirdly, for the post-exilic community to whom Chronicles was primarily addressed, these lists helped re-establish identity, land claims, and the proper functioning of Temple worship after their return from Babylon, connecting them back to their rich heritage and God's enduring promises. They are not merely historical records but theological statements about God's faithfulness and His structured plan for His people.

**Is the Shimei mentioned in 1 Chronicles 23:10 the same Shimei who cursed King David in 2 Samuel?**

Answer: No, the Shimei mentioned in 1 Chronicles 23:10 is not the same individual who cursed King David. The Shimei in 1 Chronicles 23:10 is identified as a Gershonite Levite, a grandson of Levi through Gershon (as seen in [1 Chronicles 23:6-7](/1_chronicles/23-6 "1 Chronicles 23:6-7 - Divisions of the Levites")). His descendants were organized for service in the Temple. The Shimei who cursed David was a Benjamite from Bahurim, a relative of King Saul (as described in [2 Samuel 16:5-8](/2_samuel/16-5 "2 Samuel 16:5-8 - Shimei Curses David")). While both men bore the same common Hebrew name, their tribal affiliations and historical contexts clearly indicate they were distinct individuals. The Chronicler's precise genealogical record helps to differentiate between individuals with identical names.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
The meticulous organization of the Levites for Temple service, as seen in 1 Chronicles 23:10, finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. The earthly Temple, with its ordered service, was a shadow of the perfect, eternal reality found in Him. Christ is not merely a descendant in a priestly line; He is our great [High Priest forever, according to the order of Melchizedek](/hebrews/7-17 "Hebrews 7:17 - Christ a Priest Forever"), having offered the perfect, once-for-all sacrifice that truly atones for sin ([Hebrews 9:11-14](/hebrews/9-11 "Hebrews 9:11-14 - Christ's Superior Sacrifice")). He is also the true Temple, the very dwelling place of God, as He Himself declared ([John 2:19-21](/john/2-19 "John 2:19-21 - Jesus Predicts His Resurrection")). The careful preparation and ordered service of the Levites foreshadowed the perfect order and complete service Christ renders on our behalf, not in an earthly tabernacle, but in the heavenly sanctuary ([Hebrews 8:1-2](/hebrews/8-1 "Hebrews 8:1-2 - Christ, the Minister of the True Tabernacle")). Furthermore, the divine order established for the Levites points to the spiritual order Christ establishes in His Church, where every believer, regardless of their visible role, is a vital member of His body, gifted and called to serve for the building up of the whole ([Ephesians 4:11-16](/ephesians/4-11 "Ephesians 4:11-16 - Unity in the Body of Christ")). Thus, the seemingly mundane details of Levitical lineage and organization ultimately direct our gaze to the One who perfectly fulfills all types and shadows, establishing a new and living way of worship and service through His finished work.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.