Zechariah 4:14

KJV

Then said he, These [are] the two anointed ones, that stand by the Lord of the whole earth.

KJV (with Strong's)

Then said {H559} he, These are the two {H8147} anointed {H3323} ones {H1121}, that stand {H5975} by the Lord {H113} of the whole earth {H776}.

Complete Jewish Bible

He said, "Those are the two who have been anointed with oil; they are standing with the Lord of all the land."

Berean Standard Bible

So he said, “These are the two anointed ones who are standing beside the Lord of all the earth.”

American Standard Version

Then said he, These are the two anointed ones, that stand by the Lord of the whole earth.

Commentary

### SUMMARY
Zechariah 4:14 concludes a pivotal vision, revealing the identity of the two olive trees feeding the golden lampstand as "the two anointed ones" who stand in direct service to "the Lord of the whole earth." This verse clarifies that these figures, historically understood as Zerubbabel (civil governor) and Joshua (high priest), are divinely chosen and Spirit-empowered leaders, commissioned by God to accomplish His purposes in the post-exilic restoration of Israel and the rebuilding of the temple, underscoring God's universal sovereignty and the necessity of divine enablement for His work.

### CONTEXT
* **Literary Context:** Zechariah 4:14 serves as the interpretive climax of Zechariah's fourth vision. The chapter opens with the prophet seeing a golden lampstand, symbolic of Israel's witness, flanked by two olive trees that continuously supply it with oil through golden pipes ([Zechariah 4:2-3](/zechariah/4-2-3 "Zechariah 4:2-3 - The Vision of the Lampstand and Olive Trees")). Perplexed by this imagery, Zechariah repeatedly asks the interpreting angel for its meaning. Before the angel reveals the identity of the olive trees, he delivers the profound message of divine empowerment: "Not by might, nor by power, but by my spirit, saith the Lord of hosts" ([Zechariah 4:6](/zechariah/4-6 "Zechariah 4:6 - Not by Might, Nor by Power")). This declaration sets the theological framework, emphasizing that the success of God's work, including the temple's completion, depends entirely on His Spirit, not human strength or resources. The chapter also contains specific promises to Zerubbabel, the governor, regarding his role in finishing the temple ([Zechariah 4:7-9](/zechariah/4-7-9 "Zechariah 4:7-9 - Zerubbabel to Finish the Temple")), thus building anticipation for the revelation of the "two anointed ones" as the divinely appointed instruments for this Spirit-empowered work.
* **Historical & Cultural Context:** The book of Zechariah is set in the post-exilic period, roughly 520 BC, about 16 years after the first wave of Jewish exiles returned from Babylon under the decree of Cyrus the Great. The initial fervor for rebuilding the temple had waned due to opposition and economic hardship, leading to a period of stagnation. At this critical juncture, God raised up the prophets Haggai and Zechariah to stir the people, particularly the leaders Zerubbabel (the civil governor, a descendant of Davidic royalty) and Joshua (the high priest), to complete the temple. The vision in Zechariah 4, culminating in verse 14, directly addresses the need for leadership and divine empowerment in this challenging rebuilding effort. The concept of "anointed ones" (messiahs) would have resonated deeply with a people who understood anointing as a sign of divine selection for kingship and priesthood, roles crucial for their national and spiritual restoration. Their "standing by the Lord of the whole earth" underscored their direct commission from the ultimate sovereign.
* **Key Themes:** Zechariah 4:14 contributes significantly to several overarching themes within Zechariah and the broader prophetic literature. A primary theme is **Divine Empowerment**, as articulated in [Zechariah 4:6](/zechariah/4-6 "Zechariah 4:6 - Not by Might, Nor by Power"), which establishes that God's work is accomplished not through human strength or political maneuvering, but by the enabling power of His Spirit. The verse also highlights **Dual Leadership**, specifically the complementary roles of the civil (Zerubbabel) and priestly (Joshua) authorities, both essential for the community's well-being and the fulfillment of God's plans. This dual leadership is seen as divinely appointed and Spirit-anointed. Furthermore, the phrase "the Lord of the whole earth" emphasizes God's **Universal Sovereignty**, asserting His dominion not only over Israel but over all nations and creation, reinforcing that His specific plans for His people are part of a larger, global agenda. Finally, the imagery of the olive trees supplying oil to the lampstand underscores the theme of **Divine Provision and Sustenance**, indicating that God Himself provides the spiritual resources necessary for His chosen servants to fulfill their tasks and for His people to shine as a light.

### EXPOSITION AND ANALYSIS

#### Key Word Analysis
* **Anointed (Hebrew, _yitshâr'_):** From H3323, this word literally means "oil (as producing light)" or "anointing." It refers specifically to the fresh, liquid oil used for anointing. In this context, it signifies consecration, divine appointment, and empowerment by the Holy Spirit. The "anointed ones" are those saturated with God's Spirit, enabling them to fulfill their divinely ordained functions as channels of God's grace and power.
* **Ones (Hebrew, _bên'_):** From H1121, this word means "son" in its widest sense, often denoting a member of a class or group, or one characterized by a certain quality. Here, "sons of oil" (the literal rendering of *beney yitshar*) implies individuals who are intrinsically connected to, characterized by, or filled with oil (anointing). They are not merely recipients of oil, but their very identity is defined by this anointing, signifying their intimate relationship with and dependence on the divine source of power.
* **Lord (Hebrew, _ʼâdôwn'_):** From H113, this term denotes a "sovereign," "controller," "lord," or "master," whether human or divine. When used of God, as here in "the Lord of the whole earth," it emphasizes His absolute authority, dominion, and ownership over all creation. It underscores His supreme rule and the ultimate source of power and commission for the "anointed ones."

#### Verse Breakdown
* **"Then said he":** This introductory phrase indicates the angel's direct response to Zechariah's repeated inquiry about the meaning of the two olive trees. It signals the culmination of the vision's interpretation, providing the crucial identification of the mysterious figures.
* **"These [are] the two anointed ones":** This clause identifies the two olive trees as specific individuals, divinely set apart. The Hebrew phrase *beney yitshar* (literally "sons of oil") emphasizes that these individuals are not merely anointed but are characterized by anointing, continuously supplied with divine enablement. Historically, these are understood to be Zerubbabel, the civil governor, and Joshua, the high priest, representing the dual leadership God appointed for the post-exilic community. Their anointing signifies their consecration and empowerment by God's Spirit for their respective roles.
* **"that stand by the Lord of the whole earth":** This phrase describes the posture and position of the two anointed ones. "Stand by" (Hebrew *ʻâmad*) implies readiness, service, and direct access to God's presence. It signifies their direct commission and accountability to the Almighty. The title "the Lord of the whole earth" emphasizes God's universal sovereignty, not just over Israel but over all nations and creation. This reinforces that the mission of these two leaders is part of God's overarching, global plan, and their authority derives directly from His supreme dominion.

#### Literary Devices
The primary literary device at play in Zechariah 4:14, and indeed the entire vision, is **Symbolism**. The "two anointed ones" are symbolic representations of the divinely appointed civil (Zerubbabel) and priestly (Joshua) leadership. The **Imagery** of "oil" and "olive trees" is deeply symbolic of the Holy Spirit's anointing and continuous divine supply, essential for spiritual and national vitality. The "golden lampstand" itself symbolizes Israel as God's light to the nations, sustained by the Spirit-empowered leadership. The phrase "stand by the Lord" uses **Anthropomorphism** to depict God as a sovereign king with attendants, emphasizing the direct, personal relationship and service of these leaders to the Almighty. This rich symbolic language communicates profound theological truths about God's method of working through chosen vessels, empowered by His Spirit.

### THEOLOGICAL AND THEMATIC CONNECTIONS
Zechariah 4:14 profoundly illustrates God's method of working through divinely appointed and Spirit-empowered individuals to accomplish His redemptive purposes. The identification of the "two anointed ones" as the civil and priestly leaders underscores the necessity of both governmental and spiritual authority working in harmony, under God's ultimate sovereignty, for the flourishing of His people and the advancement of His kingdom. Their continuous supply of "oil" signifies that true effectiveness in God's service comes not from human strength or wisdom, but from the constant infilling and enablement of the Holy Spirit. This verse reminds us that God is actively involved in history, raising up and equipping leaders to fulfill His will, even in times of great challenge and rebuilding.

* [Exodus 29:7](/exodus/29-7 "Anointing of Aaron")
* [1 Samuel 10:1](/1_samuel/10-1 "1 Samuel 10:1 - Anointing of Saul")
* [Revelation 11:4](/revelation/11-4 "Revelation 11:4 - The Two Witnesses")

### REFLECTION AND APPLICATION
Zechariah 4:14 offers a powerful reminder that God's work is ultimately accomplished through His Spirit, empowering His chosen vessels. For believers today, this means that our effectiveness in ministry, leadership, or any sphere of service is not dependent on our natural abilities, resources, or human ingenuity, but on our yieldedness to the Holy Spirit's anointing and enablement. Just as Zerubbabel and Joshua were sustained by a continuous flow of oil, we too must remain connected to the divine source of power, allowing the Spirit to flow through us for God's glory. This verse encourages us to seek God's anointing for the tasks He has called us to, trusting that He will provide all the necessary spiritual resources. It also highlights the importance of recognizing and supporting Spirit-empowered leadership within the church and society, understanding that God raises up diverse individuals to fulfill His multifaceted purposes. Our role is to stand ready, like the "anointed ones," in humble service to the "Lord of the whole earth."

#### Questions for Reflection
* **In what areas of your life or service do you tend to rely more on your own "might" and "power" rather than the Spirit's enablement?**
* **How can you cultivate a deeper dependence on the Holy Spirit for your daily tasks and spiritual responsibilities?**
* **How does the concept of "standing by the Lord of the whole earth" influence your understanding of accountability and divine commission in your calling?**

### FAQ

**Who are "the two anointed ones" in Zechariah 4:14?**

Answer: Historically and prophetically, "the two anointed ones" are understood to be Zerubbabel, the civil governor, and Joshua (also called Jeshua), the high priest. Zerubbabel, a descendant of King David, represented the Davidic line and the civil authority responsible for rebuilding the temple. Joshua, the high priest, represented the priestly authority, responsible for the spiritual well-being and worship of the community. Together, they symbolized the dual leadership—royal and priestly—that God had appointed to guide the post-exilic Jewish community in the restoration of Jerusalem and the temple, all empowered by the Spirit of God as indicated in [Zechariah 4:6](/zechariah/4-6 "Zechariah 4:6 - Not by Might, Nor by Power").

**What does it mean for them to "stand by the Lord of the whole earth"?**

Answer: The phrase "stand by the Lord of the whole earth" signifies several important aspects. Firstly, it indicates their direct commission and authorization from God Himself. They are not self-appointed, but divinely chosen and sent. Secondly, it implies their readiness and posture of service in God's presence. They are always available and accountable to the ultimate sovereign, the "Lord of the whole earth," a title that emphasizes God's universal dominion over all creation and nations, not just Israel. This highlights that their work is part of God's global plan and is carried out under His supreme authority. The imagery suggests a position of honor and intimate access, much like trusted servants or counselors who serve directly before a king.

### CHRIST-CENTERED FULFILLMENT
Zechariah 4:14, with its depiction of "the two anointed ones" standing before the Lord of the whole earth, finds its ultimate and most profound fulfillment in Jesus Christ. While Zerubbabel and Joshua served as types of the coming Messiah, Jesus embodies the perfect and complete "anointed one" (Christos, Messiah), uniquely combining and perfecting the roles of both King and Priest. As the true **King**, He is the rightful heir to David's throne, establishing an everlasting kingdom "not of this world" ([John 18:36](/john/18-36 "John 18:36 - Jesus' Kingdom is Not of This World")), ruling with divine authority over all creation. As the great **High Priest**, He offered Himself as the perfect and final sacrifice for sin, eternally interceding for His people before God's throne ([Hebrews 4:14-16](/hebrews/4-14-16 "Hebrews 4:14-16 - Jesus, Our Great High Priest")). He is the one truly "anointed" by the Holy Spirit without measure ([John 3:34](/john/3-34 "John 3:34 - The Spirit Without Measure")), receiving the Spirit at His baptism ([Matthew 3:16-17](/matthew/3-16-17 "Matthew 3:16-17 - Jesus' Baptism")) to empower His ministry. Jesus is the one who perpetually "stands by the Lord of the whole earth," not merely as a servant, but as the Son, sharing in the Father's dominion and authority ([Matthew 28:18](/matthew/28-18 "Matthew 28:18 - All Authority Given to Jesus")). Thus, Zechariah's vision foreshadows the singular figure of Christ, the ultimate source of spiritual light and life, who perfectly fulfills both the kingly and priestly functions necessary for God's people to be restored and for His light to shine into the world.

Note: Commentary is generated by AI with a directive for Biblical fidelity. Always rely on the Holy Spirit for discernment. The Scripture text and cross-references are from verified, non-AI sources.

Cross-References

Revelation 11:4

These are the two olive trees, and the two candlesticks standing before the God of the earth.

Isaiah 61:1

¶ The Spirit of the Lord GOD [is] upon me; because the LORD hath anointed me to preach good tidings unto the meek; he hath sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and the opening of the prison to [them that are] bound;

Isaiah 61:3

To appoint unto them that mourn in Zion, to give unto them beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; that they might be called trees of righteousness, the planting of the LORD, that he might be glorified.

Zechariah 3:1

¶ And he shewed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the LORD, and Satan standing at his right hand to resist him.

Zechariah 3:7

Thus saith the LORD of hosts; If thou wilt walk in my ways, and if thou wilt keep my charge, then thou shalt also judge my house, and shalt also keep my courts, and I will give thee places to walk among these that stand by.

Daniel 9:24

Seventy weeks are determined upon thy people and upon thy holy city, to finish the transgression, and to make an end of sins, and to make reconciliation for iniquity, and to bring in everlasting righteousness, and to seal up the vision and prophecy, and to anoint the most Holy.

Daniel 9:26

And after threescore and two weeks shall Messiah be cut off, but not for himself: and the people of the prince that shall come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary; and the end thereof [shall be] with a flood, and unto the end of the war desolations are determined.