### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew verb צָבַט (tsâbaṭ, `{{H6642}}`) is a primitive root, indicating its foundational nature without derivation from a more basic form. Its core meaning encompasses the actions of "to grasp," "to seize," or "to take hold of." From this primary sense, the semantic range extends to "to hand out" or "to reach," implying the act of taking something in hand with the intention of offering or extending it to another. This suggests a movement from the possessor to the recipient, often involving an act of provision or transfer. The rarity of its occurrence in the biblical text makes its single appearance particularly noteworthy, carrying significant weight within its specific context.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The verb צָבַב (tsâbaṭ, `{{H6642}}`) appears only once in the entire Hebrew Bible, specifically in the book of Ruth:
* **[[Ruth 2:14]]**: "And Boaz said to her, 'At mealtime come here and eat of the bread and dip your morsel in the sour wine.' So she sat beside the reapers, and he *reached* (וַיִּצְבָּט) her parched grain, and she ate until she was satisfied and had some left over."
In this singular occurrence, the verb describes Boaz's action of providing food to Ruth. The context is one of hospitality and generosity extended by Boaz to the vulnerable Ruth. Boaz "reached" or "handed" the parched grain to her directly. This is not merely a passive act of placing food before her, but an active, intentional gesture of provision. The verb emphasizes the directness and personal nature of Boaz's kindness. It highlights his initiative in ensuring Ruth's needs were met, going beyond what was merely customary or expected. The action of "grasping" and then "handing out" or "reaching" perfectly captures the physical movement and the underlying intent of compassionate care.
### Related Words & Concepts
Given the unique and singular occurrence of צָבַט (tsâbaṭ, `{{H6642}}`), direct lexical cognates with an identical semantic range are not readily apparent within the biblical corpus. However, its meaning aligns conceptually with several broader themes and actions:
* **Giving and Providing**: The act described by tsâbaṭ is fundamentally one of giving. This connects to verbs like נָתַן (nātan, `{{H5414}}`, "to give, to put, to set"), which is a very common verb for transfer of possession or action. While tsâbaṭ implies a more specific physical action of taking and handing, the end result is similar.
* **Taking and Receiving**: The action of "grasping" within tsâbaṭ is related to verbs like לָקַח (lāqaḥ, `{{H3947}}`, "to take, to receive, to fetch"). However, tsâbaṭ emphasizes the taking *in order to give*, rather than taking for oneself.
* **Extension of Hand/Arm**: The concept of "reaching" naturally evokes the use of the hand (יָד - yāḏ, `{{H3027}}`). The act of extending one's hand to provide or assist is a common biblical motif for help and blessing.
* **Hospitality and Care**: The context in Ruth places tsâbaṭ within the broader concept of hospitality (הַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִים - hakhnāsat ʾōrḥîm, "receiving guests") and the care for the vulnerable, particularly the sojourner, the widow, and the poor. This resonates with the concept of *hesed* (חֶסֶד, `{{H2617}}`), often translated as "loving-kindness" or "steadfast love," which Boaz exemplifies in his actions towards Ruth.
### Theological Significance
Despite its single appearance, the verb צָבַט (tsâbaṭ, `{{H6642}}`) in [[Ruth 2:14]] carries profound theological weight, primarily through its depiction of Boaz's character and his role in God's redemptive plan.
1. **Divine Provision through Human Agency**: Boaz's act of "reaching" or "handing" the parched grain to Ruth is a tangible manifestation of God's providential care. Ruth, a destitute Moabite widow, is in a vulnerable position, yet God's unseen hand guides her to Boaz's field. Boaz then becomes the direct instrument of God's provision. This singular verb underscores the personal and direct nature of this divine care, mediated through a compassionate human agent.
2. **Exemplar of *Hesed***: Boaz's action is a concrete demonstration of *hesed* (`{{H2617}}`). It is not merely an obligation but an overflowing of generosity and kindness towards a stranger. The act of personally "handing over" the food signifies a deep level of concern and respect, affirming Ruth's dignity and worth in a culture where she might easily be marginalized. This *hesed* mirrors God's own steadfast love for His people, particularly the marginalized and needy.
3. **Foreshadowing of Redemption**: Boaz, as the kinsman-redeemer (גֹּאֵל - gōʾēl, `{{H1350}}`), is a type of Christ. His act of providing for Ruth, culminating in her full satisfaction ("she ate until she was satisfied and had some left over"), foreshadows the abundance of provision and spiritual nourishment found in Christ. The simple act of "reaching" out with food becomes a symbol of the greater spiritual sustenance and redemption that God provides.
4. **Theology of Hospitality**: The verse highlights the biblical imperative for hospitality, especially towards the vulnerable. Boaz's action goes beyond mere permission to glean; it is an active invitation to fellowship and a personal act of ensuring her nourishment. This reflects God's own welcoming nature and His desire for His people to extend grace to others.
### Summary
The Hebrew verb צָבַט (tsâbaṭ, `{{H6642}}`), a primitive root meaning "to grasp, to hand out, to reach," appears only once in the biblical text, in [[Ruth 2:14]]. In this pivotal moment, Boaz "reached" or "handed" parched grain to Ruth, signifying a direct, personal, and generous act of provision. This singular occurrence, though rare, is rich in theological implications. It powerfully illustrates divine provision mediated through human kindness, exemplifies the practical outworking of *hesed* (loving-kindness), and serves as a poignant foreshadowing of the abundant redemption found in God's overarching plan. The simple action described by tsâbaṭ encapsulates a profound act of compassionate care and hospitality, underscoring the dignity and worth extended to the vulnerable through the actions of a righteous individual.
TRV