### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **nᵉkôʼth**, represented by `{{H5219}}`, refers to an aromatic gum, translated as **spicery** or **spices**. Derived from a root word meaning "a smiting," it suggests a substance that is powdered. It appears 2 times across 2 unique verses in the Bible, identifying it as a specific and valuable commodity.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In its biblical occurrences, `{{H5219}}` is presented as a valuable product associated with trade and gift-giving. In [[Genesis 37:25]], a caravan of Ishmeelites travels from Gilead to Egypt with their camels "bearing **spicery** and balm and myrrh." Later, in [[Genesis 43:11]], Israel instructs his sons to assemble a present for the ruler of Egypt, including a selection of "the best fruits in the land," specifically listing "**spices**" alongside balm, myrrh, honey, nuts, and almonds.
### Related Words & Concepts
The word **nᵉkôʼth** appears alongside other valuable substances that help define its context:
* `{{H6875}}` **tsᵉrîy** (balm): Defined as a distillation or balsam, it is consistently mentioned with `{{H5219}}` as a precious good transported from regions like Gilead for trade and medicinal purposes [[Genesis 37:25]].
* `{{H3910}}` **lôṭ** (myrrh): This word describes a sticky gum, likely ladanum. It appears in the same list as `{{H5219}}` in both of its occurrences, forming a trio of valuable aromatic trade goods being carried to Egypt ([[Genesis 37:25]], [[Genesis 43:11]]).
### Theological Significance
The significance of `{{H5219}}` is tied to its economic and cultural value in the patriarchal era.
* **Item of Trade:** The appearance of **spicery** in an Ishmaelite caravan establishes it as a key commodity in the ancient trade routes connecting Gilead and Egypt [[Genesis 37:25]].
* **Prestigious Gift:** Its inclusion in the gift from Israel to the unknown Egyptian official underscores its high value, deemed suitable to win favor and demonstrate respect [[Genesis 43:11]].
* **Product of the Land:** The term is used to describe one of "the best fruits in the land" of Canaan, highlighting it as a desirable regional export.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H5219}}` is a specific term for a valuable aromatic powder or **spicery**. Though its use is rare, its context in Genesis firmly establishes it as a high-value commodity, sought after for international trade and offered as a precious gift. It is consistently associated with balm and myrrh, representing the valuable aromatic resources of the land.
TRV