### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **maggêphâh**, represented by `{{H4046}}`, refers to a **pestilence**, **slaughter**, or **stroke**. It is derived from the verb `{{H5062}}` **nâgaph**, meaning to smite or defeat. Appearing **26 times** in **25 unique verses**, `{{H4046}}` consistently signifies a devastating blow, often as a direct and severe judgment.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
In the biblical narrative, `{{H4046}}` is used to describe different forms of catastrophic events. It can refer to a divinely sent pestilence, as when the LORD warns Pharaoh, "I will at this time send all my **plagues** upon thine heart" [[Exodus 9:14]]. It is also used for a massive military defeat, such as the "great **slaughter**" of twenty thousand men during the conflict with Absalom's followers [[2 Samuel 18:7]]. The term can describe a profound personal loss, as when God tells Ezekiel he will take away the desire of his eyes with a **stroke** [[Ezekiel 24:16]]. A recurring theme is that the **plague** can be "stayed" through atonement and intercession ([[Numbers 16:48]], [[2 Samuel 24:25]]).
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words help clarify the context and meaning of `{{H4046}}`:
* `{{H5062}}` **nâgaph** (to smite, plague, defeat): As the root verb, it establishes the action that causes the **maggêphâh**. In a prophecy against Jerusalem's enemies, the LORD will **smite** them with a **plague** [[Zechariah 14:12]].
* `{{H4191}}` **mûwth** (to die): This word often appears alongside `{{H4046}}` to state the fatal outcome of the plague. For example, twenty-four thousand people **died** in the **plague** [[Numbers 25:9]].
* `{{H2398}}` **châṭâʼ** (to sin): The plague is frequently a direct consequence of sin. David admits, "I it is that have **sinned**," which resulted in the people being **plagued** [[1 Chronicles 21:17]].
* `{{H6279}}` **ʻâthar** (intreat, (make) pray(-er)): This word highlights the remedy for the plague. After David built an altar and made offerings, the LORD was **intreated** for the land, and the **plague** was stayed [[2 Samuel 24:25]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4046}}` is significant, illustrating key principles about divine justice and covenant relationship.
* **Divine Judgment:** The term is a powerful descriptor of God's active judgment against sin and rebellion. It is sent upon the Israelites for their trespass [[Numbers 31:16]], upon the Philistines [[1 Samuel 6:4]], and is prophesied as a future judgment on the heathen [[Zechariah 14:18]].
* **Consequences of Trespass:** The link between specific sins and the resulting **plague** is direct. The men who brought an **evil** `{{H7451}}` report died by the **plague** [[Numbers 14:37]], and the **trespass** `{{H4604}}` at Peor resulted in a **plague** among the congregation [[Numbers 31:16]].
* **Atonement and Intercession:** The narrative repeatedly shows that the plague can be stopped. Phinehas "executed judgment" `{{H6419}}`, and the **plague** was stayed [[Psalms 106:30]]. Similarly, Aaron stands with an censer to make atonement and halt the **plague** [[Numbers 16:48]].
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4046}}` is a term that conveys more than just disease or battle; it represents a decisive and calamitous blow. Whether a pestilence, slaughter, or personal stroke, it serves as a stark illustration of the consequences of sin and rebellion against God. However, the accounts also emphasize that through repentance, atonement, and intercession, such dire judgment can be averted, demonstrating a path to reconciliation.
TRV