### Core Meaning & Semantic Range
The Hebrew word **migʻereth**, represented by `{{H4045}}`, defines a **reproof (i.e. curse); rebuke**. This term is exceptionally specific, appearing only **1 time** in **1 unique verse** within the Bible. Its sole usage places it firmly in the context of divine judgment and the consequences of disobedience.
### Biblical Occurrences & Contextual Analysis
The single biblical appearance of `{{H4045}}` is in [[Deuteronomy 28:20]], where it is listed among the calamities the LORD `{{H3068}}` will send upon those who forsake Him. The verse describes a threefold punishment of "cursing `{{H3994}}`, vexation `{{H4103}}`, and **rebuke** `{{H4045}}`" that will lead to destruction `{{H8045}}` and ruin `{{H6}}`. This context establishes **migʻereth** not as a simple scolding, but as an active and destructive penalty for the "wickedness `{{H7455}}` of thy doings."
### Related Words & Concepts
Several related words found in the same passage illuminate the severe nature of this **rebuke**:
* `{{H3994}}` **mᵉʼêrâh** (an execration; curse): This word appears directly before **migʻereth** in [[Deuteronomy 28:20]], linking the rebuke to a formal curse. It is described as coming from the LORD `{{H3068}}` and residing in the house of the wicked [[Proverbs 3:33]].
* `{{H4103}}` **mᵉhûwmâh** (confusion or uproar; destruction, discomfiture, trouble, tumult, vexation, vexed): Paired with **migʻereth**, this term highlights the state of turmoil and vexation that accompanies God's judgment [[Deuteronomy 28:20]]. It can also signify a great tumult sent from the LORD [[Zechariah 14:13]].
* `{{H7455}}` **rôaʻ** (badness (as marring), physically or morally; wickedness): This term identifies the direct cause for the divine **rebuke**, which is the "wickedness of thy doings" [[Deuteronomy 28:20]]. It is elsewhere connected to actions that provoke the LORD's fury [[Jeremiah 4:4]].
* `{{H8045}}` **shâmad** (to desolate; destory(-uction), bring to nought, overthrow, perish, pluck down, utterly): This word describes the ultimate outcome of the **rebuke**, which is to be utterly destroyed [[Deuteronomy 28:20]]. The LORD promises to destroy the wicked [[Psalms 145:20]] and commands His people to destroy their enemies [[Deuteronomy 33:27]].
### Theological Significance
The theological weight of `{{H4045}}` is significant despite its rarity, focusing entirely on the theme of divine justice.
* **Divine Judgment:** The word is used exclusively as an instrument of God's judgment. The **rebuke** is sent by the LORD `{{H3068}}` as a direct response to being forsaken [[Deuteronomy 28:20]].
* **Covenantal Consequences:** Its placement within the list of curses in Deuteronomy 28 frames the **rebuke** as a specific penalty for violating the covenant. It is a promised and purposeful reaction to disobedience.
* **Active Punishment:** Unlike a passive state of disfavor, **migʻereth** is an active affliction sent by God, grouped with other tangible judgments like cursing `{{H3994}}` and vexation `{{H4103}}` that result in complete destruction.
### Summary
In summary, `{{H4045}}` **migʻereth** is a concise and potent term for a divine **rebuke** that functions as a curse. Its entire meaning is derived from its single, powerful use in scripture, where it represents a component of God's active, judicial response to covenantal faithlessness. It demonstrates how even the rarest of biblical words can carry profound theological implications about the nature of God's righteousness and judgment.
TRV