The Hebrew word kânan, represented by H3661, is a primitive root meaning to set out, i.e. plant. It appears 1 time across 1 unique verse in the Bible. While extremely rare, its single usage provides a specific term related to the act of establishing or founding, and it carries the idiomatic sense of a vineyard.
The sole appearance of H3661 is in Psalms 80:15, within a plea to God regarding Israel, which is depicted as a vine. The verse refers to "the vineyard which thy right hand hath planted" Psalms 80:15. In this context, H3661 is used alongside a related term, H3657, to form the concept of the vineyard that God Himself established. The word points to a foundational, deliberate act of creation and placement by divine power.
Several related words in the same passage illuminate the meaning of H3661:
- H3657 kannâh (from כָּנַן; a plant (as set); [idiom] vineyard.): This word is derived directly from H3661 and is used with it in Psalms 80:15 to emphasize the object of God's planting as a vineyard.
- H5193 nâṭaʻ (a primitive root; properly, to strike in, i.e. fix; specifically, to plant (literally or figuratively); fastened, plant(-er).): This verb describes the action taken upon the vineyard in Psalms 80:15. It is used elsewhere to describe God planting His people 2 Samuel 7:10 and even the heavens Isaiah 51:16.
- H553 ʼâmats (a primitive root; to be alert... establish, fortify... strengthen): Used in the same verse, this word describes God making the "branch" strong Psalms 80:15. It highlights the theme of divine fortification that accompanies God's act of planting, a concept also seen in God's command to Joshua to "be strong and of a good courage" Joshua 1:6.
The theological weight of H3661 is tied entirely to its singular, powerful context.
- Divine Establishment: The word signifies God's direct role in founding and establishing His people. The reference to God's "right hand" in Psalms 80:15 underscores that this is an act of divine power and authority.
- The Vineyard Metaphor: H3661 contributes a specific nuance to the biblical metaphor of Israel as God's vineyard. It is not just a plant, but something intentionally "set out" and founded by God, who expects it to flourish. This idea of divine planting for a purpose is reinforced in passages like Jeremiah 24:6.
- Foundation and Security: As a root meaning "to set out," H3661 implies the creation of a stable and secure foundation. This connects to God's covenantal promise to plant his people in a place where they can dwell safely and securely 2 Samuel 7:10.
In summary, while H3661 is one of the rarest words in the biblical text, its role is precise and significant. It functions as a specific term for the act of founding or establishing, particularly in the context of a vineyard. Its meaning is deepened by the words for "plant" H5193 and "strengthen" H553 that surround it in Psalms 80:15, painting a complete picture of God as the divine planter who not only sets out His people but also fortifies and secures them.
TRV